Wednesday, December 16, 2020. 351th day of the year. There are 15 days remaining until the end of the year.
? HISTORICAL EVENTS?
● 714 - Herstal Pepin, mayor of the Merovingian court, dies in Jupil (modern-day Belgium). He will be replaced by his baby grandson Theudoald, whose wife Plectrude has real power in the Frankish kingdom.
● 755 - Anjiang revolts against Chancellor Yang Guozong in Anjiang Yanjing, which began the An Lushan Uprising during the Tang Dynasty of China.
● 1431 - Hundred Years' War: Henry VI of England is crowned King of France at Notre Dame, Paris.
● 1497 - Vasco da Gama crosses the Great Fish River, where Bartolomeu Dias previously returned to Portugal.
● 1575 - An earthquake of about 8,5 MW occurs in Valdivia (Chile).
● 1598 - Seven Years 'War: The Battle of Noryang: The last battle of the Seven Years' War was fought between the Allied Powers of China and Korea and the Japanese Navy, resulting in the victory of the Allied Powers. .
● 1653 - English Interregnum: Protectorate: Oliver Cromwell becomes Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland.
● 1689 - Parliament of the Convention: The Declaration of Rights is reflected in the draft Law on Rights.
● 1761 - Seven Years' War: After a four-month siege, the Russians, led by Peter Rumyantsev, capture the Prussian fortress of Kalobrzeg.
● 1773 - American Revolution: Boston Tea Party: Members of the Sons of Freedom wrapped in the name of the Mohawk Indians dumped hundreds of boxes of tea in the port of Boston in protest of the Tea Law.
● 1777 - Virginia becomes the first state to ratify the Confederate Articles.
● 1826 - Benjamin W. Edwards rides the Mexican-controlled city of Nacogdoches, Texas, proclaiming himself ruler of the Republic of Fredonia.
● 1838 - The Great Track: The Battle of the Bloody River: Voortrekkers led by Andris Pretorius and Sarel Cilliers defeated the Zulu empire led by Dambuza (Nzobo) and Ndlela kaSompisi, today in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
● 1863 - American Civil War: Joseph E. Johnson replaces Braxton Bragg as commander of the Tennessee Confederate Army.
● 1882 - The first home nations (now six nations) of the Welsh and English rugby federations compete.
● 1883 - Tonkin Campaign: French troops occupy Sean Tay Fortress.
● 1903 - The Taj Mahal Palace & Tower Hotel in Bombay opens its doors to guests for the first time.
● 1907 - America's Great White Fleet begins to travel around the world.
● 1914 - World War I: Admiral Franz von Hipper orders raids on Scarborough, Hartlepool, and Whitby.
● 1930 - Bank robber Herman Lamm and his crew are killed in Clinton, Indiana, with 200 people injured.
● 1942 - Holocaust: Schutzstaffel chief Heinrich Himmler orders the deportation of candidates to Auschwitz to exterminate the Roma.
● 1960 - A collision between United Airlines' Douglas DC-8 and TWA Lockheed Super Constellation on Staten Island, New York, kills all 128 people on board both planes and six others on the ground.
● 1965 - Vietnam War: General William Westmoreland petitioned U.S. Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara for another 1966 men by the end of 243.
● 1978 - Ohio, Cleveland, becomes the first major American city to default on its financial obligations since the Great Depression.
● 1989 - Romanian Revolution: Protests begin in Timisoara, Rome, in response to the government's attempts to oust dissident Hungarian pastor Laszlo Tkés.
● 1989 - U.S. Appellate Judge Robert Smith Vance is assassinated by a postal bomb, Walter Leroy Moody Jr.,
● 1991 - Kazakhstan declares independence from the Soviet Union.
● 2014 - Pakistan’s Tehrik-e-Taliban militants attack the Army Public School in Peshawar, Pakistan, killing 150 people, including 132 schoolchildren.
➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖
? BORN?
● 1364 - Emperor Manuel III of Trebizond (died 1417).
● 1485 - Catherine of Aragon, Queen of Spain, later Queen's Consortium of England (died 1536).
● 1534 - Hans Bol, Flemish painter (died 1593).
● 1582 - Robert Bertie, 1st Lindsay County (died 1642).
● 1584 - John Selden, English jurist and scholar (died 1654).
● 1585 - Livia della Rovere, Italian aristocrat (died 1641).
● 1605 - Jerome Weston, second county of Portland, English diplomat (died 1663).
● 1614 - Eberhard III, Duke of Württemberg (died 1674).
● 1630 - Mary Somerset, Duchess of Beaufort, British botanist (died 1715).
● 1714 - George Wyfield, English English priest (died 1770).
● 1716 - Louis Jules Mancini Mazarini, French poet and diplomat (died 1798).
● 1717 - Elizabeth Carter, English poet and scholar (died 1806).
● 1730 - Diego Silang, revolutionary leader of the Philippines (died 1763)
● 1812 - Stuart Donaldson, Anglo-Australian politician, 1st Premier of New South Wales (died 1867).
● 1834 - Leon Valras, French-Swiss economist and theorist (died 1910).
● 1836 - Ernst von Bergmann, Latvian-German surgeon and academic (died 1907).
● 1849 - Mary Hartwell Catherwood, American writer and poet (died 1902)
● 1861 - Antonio de La Gandara, French painter and painter (died 1917).
● 1952 - Joel Garner, Barbadian cricket player and manager
● 1952 - Francesco Graziani, Italian footballer and manager
● 1953 - Rebecca Forstadt, American voice actress and screenwriter
● 1955 - Xander Berkeley, American actor and producer
● 1955 - Carol Brauner, American lawyer and ecologist, 8th Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency
● 1955 - Prince Lorenz of Belgium, Duke of Austria
● 1956 - Lizzie Mercier Descloux, French musician, songwriter, composer, actress, writer and painter (died 2004).
● 1957 - Antonio Vega, Spanish songwriter and guitarist (died 2009).
● 1959 - HD Kumaraswami, Indian social worker and politician, 18th Prime Minister of Karnataka
● 1959 - Alexander Lebedev, Russian businessman and politician
● 1959 - Steve Mattsson, American author and artist
● 1960 - Pat Van Den Howe, Belgian footballer and manager
● 1961 - André Andersen, Russian-Danish keyboard player, songwriter and producer
● 1961 - Shane Black, American actor, director and screenwriter
● 1961 - Bill Hicks, American comedian and musician (died 1994).
● 1961 - LaChanze, American actress, singer and dancer
● 1961 - John Tenny, American actor and director
● 1962 - Maruschka Detmers, Dutch-French actress
● 1962 - William Perry, American footballer and wrestler
● 1963 - Benjamin Bratt, American actor and producer
● 1963 - Kathy Johnston-Forbes, American golfer
● 1963 - James Mangold, American director, producer and screenwriter
● 1964 - Hayk Drexsler, German sprinter and long jump
● 1964 - John Kirvan, New Zealand rugby player and coach
● 1964 - George Parker, Australian actress
● 1964 - Billy Ripken, American baseball player and master of sports
● 1964 - Todd Glass, American comedian
● 1965 - Chris Jones, American baseball player and manager
● 1966 - Paul McGinley, Irish golfer
● 1966 - Clifford Robinson, American basketball player (died 2020).
● 1966 - Dennis Wise, English footballer and manager
● 1967 - Donovan Bailey, Canadian sprinter and master of sports
● 1967 - Indrek Kaseorg, Estonian decathlete
● 1967 - Miranda Otto, Australian actress
● 1968 - Lalax Hathaway, American songwriter, pianist and producer
● 1968 - Greg Kovacs, Canadian bodybuilder (died 2013).
● 1969 - Simon Grayson, English footballer and manager
● 1969 - Adam Riss, American astrophysicist, astronomer and academic Nobel Laureate
● 1969 - Michelle Smith, Irish swimmer
● 1969 - Dmitry Timoczko, American composer and theorist
● 1969 - Kent Herr, Canadian politician
● 1970 - Valerie Chou, Canadian-Hong Kong actress and publicist
● 1971 - Seyhan Kurt, French-Turkish poet and sociologist
● 1971 - Michael McCurry, American R&B singer
● 1972 - Charles Gypson, American baseball player
● 1972 - Paul Leiden, Australian actor, director, producer and screenwriter
● 1972 - Travis Morrison, American songwriter
● 1973 - Scott Storch, American songwriter and producer, founded the Storch Music Company.
● 1975 - Valentin Bodoy, Romanian footballer and manager
● 1975 - Kaba Divara, French-Guinean footballer
● 1975 - Benjamin Kovalevich, Canadian songwriter and guitarist
● 1975 - Paul Maynard, British politician
● 1976 - Jen Golbeck, American computer scientist and academic
● 1977 - Eric Belanger, Canadian hockey player
● 1977 - Sylvain Distin, French footballer
● 1978 - John Morris, Canadian curler and firefighter
● 1978 - Gunter Van Hendenhoven, Belgian footballer and manager
● 1979 - Mihai Tristariu, Romanian songwriter
● 1979 - Jesse Ward, American wrestler and producer
● 1980 - Canary, Danish cricketer
● 1981 - Krysten Ritter, American actress, musician and model
● 1981 - Gareth Williams, Scottish footballer
● 1982 - Antrel Rolle, American footballer
● 1983 - Frankie Ballard, American songwriter and guitarist
● 1984 - Theo James, English actor
● 1986 - Pärt Uusberg, Estonian actor, composer and conductor.
● 1987 - Mame Biram Diouf, Senegalese footballer
● 1988 - Mats Hummels, German footballer
● 1988 - Anna Popplevel, British actress
● 1989 - Mireille Kiritani, Japanese model, actress and journalist
● 1991 - Craig Goodwin, Australian footballer
● 1992 - Anamul Haque, Bangladesh cricketer
● 1992 - Moe Miura, Japanese model, actress and singer
● 1992 - Pietro Perdichizzi, Belgian footballer
● 1994 - Elliot Lee, English footballer
● 1994 - Jose Rodriguez Martines, Spanish footballer
● 1996 - Joel Adams, Australian pop / soul songwriter
● 1997 - Zara Larsson, Swedish singer and songwriter
● 1998 - Mira Antonitsch, Austrian tennis player
➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖
◾THE DEAD◾
● 604 - Huju, emperor of the Chen dynasty (born 553).
● 705 - Wu Tsetsian, emperor of the Zhou dynasty (born 624).
● 714 - Pepin Herstal, French statesman (born 635)
● 867 - Friuli Eberhard, Duke of France (born 815)
● 874 - Archbishop of Ado, Vienna
● 882 - John VIII, pope of the Catholic Church
● 902 - Wei Yifan, Chancellor of the Tan Dynasty
● 999 - Adelaide, Italy, Holy Roman Emperor (born 931).
● 1153 - Ranulf de Gernon, 4th Chister County, Norman aristocracy
● 1263 - Haakon IV, King of Norway (born 1204)
● 1316 - Oljaitü, Mongol ruler (born 1280).
● 1558 - Thomas Cheney, British diplomat and Lord of the Ports of Cinque Ports
● 1583 - Ivan Fyodorov, Russian printer
● 1594 - Allison Balfour, Scottish witch
● 1598 - Yi Sun-sin, Korean general (born 1545)
● 1669 - Nathaniel Fiennes, English soldier and politician (born 1608).
● 1687 - William Petty, English economist and philosopher (born 1623).
● 1751 - Leopold II, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau (born 1700).
● 1774 - François Quesnay, French economist, physician and philosopher (born 1694).
● 1783 - Johann Adolf Hasse, German composer and teacher (born 1699).
● 1783 - Sir William James, 1st Baronet, Welsh-British commander and politician (born 1720).
● 1805 - Saverio Cassar, Gazian priest and rebel leader (born 1746)
● 1809 - Antoine François, Comte de Fourcroy, French chemist and entomologist (born 1755).
● 1897 - Alphonse Daudet, French writer, poet and playwright (born 1840).
● 1922 - Gabriel Narutovich, Lithuanian-Polish engineer and politician, 1st President of the Republic of Poland (born 1865).
● 1928 - Elinor Wiley, American poet and author (born 1885)
● 1935 - Thelma Todd, American actress and comedian (born 1905).
● 1936 - Frank Eugene, American-German photographer and teacher (born 1865).
● 1940 - Eugene Dubois, Dutch paleoanthropologist (T. 1858).
● 1940 - Billy Hamilton, American baseball player and manager (born 1866).
● 1943 - George Bambridge, British diplomat (born 1892)
● 1944 - Betsie ten Boom, victim of the Dutch massacre (born 1885).
● 1945 - Fumimaro Konoe, Japanese lawyer and politician, 23rd Prime Minister of Japan (born 1891).
● 1949 - Sidney Olcott, Canadian-American actor, director, producer and screenwriter (born 1873).
● 1952 - Robert Henry Best, American journalist (1896)
● 1956 - Nina Hamnet, Welsh painter and author (born 1890).
● 1961 - Hans Rebane, Estonian journalist and politician, 8th Minister of Foreign Affairs (born 1882).
● 1965 - W. Somerset Maugham, British playwright, novelist and short story writer (born 1874).
● 1968 - Futabayama Sadaji, Japanese sumo wrestler, 35th Yokozuna (born 1912).
● 1969 - Alphonse Castex, French Rugby Union player (born 1899).
● 1976 - Real Couet, Canadian journalist and politician (born 1917).
● 1977 - Risto Jarva, Finnish director, producer and screenwriter (born 1934).
● 1980 - Colonel Sanders, an American businessman, founded KFC (born 1890).
● 1980 - Hellmut Walter, German-American engineer (born 1900).
● 1985 - Paul Castellano, American mobster (born 1915).
● 1989 - Oscar Alfredo Galvez, Argentine racing driver (born 1913).
● 1989 - Aileen Pringle, American actress (born 1895).
● 1989 - Lee Van Cliff, American actor (born 1925).
● 1991 - Eszter Tamasi, Hungarian actress and journalist (born 1938).
● 1993 - Kakuei Tanaka, Japanese soldier and politician, 64th Prime Minister of Japan (T. 1918).
● 1996 - Quentin Bell, English historian and author (born 1910).
● 2003 - Robert Stanfield, Canadian economist, lawyer and politician, 17th Prime Minister of New Scotland (born 1914).
● 2003 - Gary Stewart, American songwriter (born 1945).
● 2004 - Ted Abernath, American baseball player (born 1933)
● 2004 - Deyda Gidara, Gambian journalist, co-founder of Point (1946).
● 2004 - Agnes Martin, American artist and teacher (born 1912).
● 2006 - Stanford J. Shaw, American historian and academic (born 1930).
● 2007 - Dan Fogelberg, American songwriter and guitarist (born 1951).
● 2009 - Roy E. Disney, American businessman (1930s).
● 2009 - Yegor Gaidar, Russian economist and politician, Prime Minister of Russia (born 1956).
● 2009 - Manto Tshabalala-Msimang, South African physician and politician, 22nd South African Minister of Health (born 1940).
● 2010 - Melvin E. Biddle, American soldier, holder of the Medal of Honor (1923)
● 2010 - Ayinde Barrister, Nigerian fuji musician (born 1948).
● 2013 - Martha Russell, American journalist, author and activist (born 1951).
● 2014 - Martin Brasier, English paleontologist, biologist and academic (born 1947)
● 2014 - Tim Cochran, American mathematician and academic (born 1955).
● 2015 - Peter Dickinson, Rhodesian-English writer and poet (born 1927).
● 2015 - Lizmark, Mexican wrestler (born 1950)
● 2015 - George Earl Ortman, American painter and sculptor (born 1926).
? HOLIDAYS?
● Christian holiday:
• Adelaide, Italy
• Hagay
• Ralph Adams Cram, Richard Upjon and John La Farge (Bishop's Church (USA))
• December 16 (Eastern Orthodox Liturgy)
● Reconciliation Day, formerly celebrated by Africans as Oath Day (South Africa)
● National Day celebrates the expulsion of the United Kingdom from Bahrain and in 1971 made Bahrain an independent emirate.
● National Sports Day (Thailand)
● From the 16th to the 24th of December, the beginning of the nine-day feast, Mary and Joseph celebrated the trials they experienced before they could find a place to live where Jesus could be born (Hispanidad):
• First day of Las Posadas (Mexico, Latin America)
