December 8

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Tuesday, December 8, 2020. 343rd day of the year. There are 23 days remaining until the end of the year.

? HISTORICAL EVENTS?

 395 - Yan Kanhe is later defeated by his former vassal North Wei in a battle on the Slope.

 757 - Du Fu An escapes from the city during the Lushan Revolt and returns to Chang'an as a member of Emperor Xuanzong's palace.

 877 - Louis Stammerer (son of Charles Kel) is crowned in Compiègne, West Frankish Kingdom.

 1432 - The first battle between the forces of Switzerland and Sigismund Kstutaitis took place near the town of Oszmiana (Ashmyany), marking the beginning of the most active phase of the Lithuanian Civil War.

 1504 - Ahmad ibn Abi Jumah writes his Oran fatwa, arguing for easing the requirements of Islamic law for Muslims forcibly adopted in Spain.

 1660 - A woman (or Margaret Hughes or Anne Marshall) in the role of Desdemona on the stage of Shakespeare’s play Othello first appears on the English public scene.

 1851 - Conservative government forces in Santiago defeat the rebels at the Battle of Loncomilla, marking the end of the 1851 Chilean Revolution.

 1854 - Pope Pius IX proclaims in his Apostolic Constitution a dogmatic definition of the impeccable notion that the Blessed Virgin Mary is free from original sin.

 1864 - Pope Pius IX publishes the Encyclopedia Quanta cura and its appendix - the Program of Errors, which defines the prestige of the Catholic Church and condemns various liberal ideas.

 1907 - King Gustaf V of Sweden ascends the Swedish throne.

 1912 - German imperial leaders convene an Imperial War Council to discuss the possibility of war.

 1914 - World War I: A squadron of the British Royal Navy defeats the East Asian Imperial Empire at the Battle of the Falkland Islands in the South Atlantic.

 1941 - World War II: US President Franklin D. Roosevelt declares December 7 a "shameful date," after which the United States declares war on Japan.

 1941 - World War II: Japanese forces simultaneously invade the Shanghai International Settlement, Malaya, Thailand, Hong Kong, the Philippines, and the East Indies of the Netherlands. (See Dec. 7 for a simultaneous attack on Pearl Harbor in the Western Hemisphere.)

 1943 - World War II: Germany's 117th Jäger Division destroys the Mega Spilaio monastery in Greece and executes 22 monks and guests a few days later as part of a repression that culminated in the Kalavryta massacre.

 1953 - US President Dwight D. Eisenhower delivers his "Atoms for Peace" speech, culminating in the American program to provide information about equipment and nuclear energy to schools, hospitals, and research institutions around the world.

 1955 - The European flag is adopted by the Council of Europe.

 1962 - Four newspaper workers in New York City (later increased to nine) go on an 114-day strike.

 1963 - A Pan Am Flight 214, a Boeing 707, is struck by lightning and crashes near Elkton, Maryland, killing all 81 people on board.

 1966 - The Greek ship SS Heraklion sinks in a storm in the Aegean Sea, killing more than 200 people.

 1969 - Olympic Airlines Flight 954 hits a mountain outside the Greek city of Keratea, killing 6 people in the worst Douglas DC-90 crash in history.

 1971 - Indo-Pakistani War: The Indian Navy launches an attack on the West Pakistan port city of Karachi.

 1972 - United Airlines Flight 553, a Boeing 737, crashes after canceling an attempt to land at Chicago Midway International Airport, killing 45 people. This is the first time a Boeing 737 has disappeared.

 1974 - A plebiscite abolishes the monarchy in Greece.

 1980 - Former Beatles John Lennon is assassinated in front of Dakota, New York.

 1985 - The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation, a regional intergovernmental organization and geopolitical alliance in South Asia, is established.

 1987 - Cold War: The Treaty on Medium-Range Nuclear Forces is signed by US President Ronald Reagan and Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev at the White House.

 1987 - Israeli army tank vehicles kill four Palestinian refugees during a road accident at the Erez crossing on the Israeli-Gaza border, one of the first intifada incidents. and wounded seven.

 1988 - A U.S. Air Force A-10 Thunderbolt II crashes into a residential complex in Remscheid, Germany, killing five people and injuring 5 others.

 1990 - Galileo (spacecraft) flies from Earth for the first time.

 1991 - The leaders of Russia, Belarus, and Ukraine sign an agreement dissolving the Soviet Union and establishing the Commonwealth of Independent States.

 1992 - Galileo (spacecraft) flies from Earth for the second time.

 1998 - 81 people are killed by armed groups in Algeria.

 2004 - The Cusco Declaration is signed in Cuzco, Peru, with the establishment of the Community of South American Nations.

 2009 - A bomb blast near the Iraqi city of Baghdad kills 127 people and injures 448.

 2010 - With the second launch of the Falcon 9 and the first launch of the Dragon, SpaceX became the first private company to successfully launch, transform and rebuild a spacecraft.

 2010 - Japan's IKAROS solar-powered spacecraft travels about 80,800 km across the planet Venus.

 2013 - Riots erupt in Singapore after a devastating accident in Little India.

 2013 - Metallica puts on a show in Antarctica, making it the first group to perform on all seven continents.

 2019 - The first confirmed case of COVID-19 in China.

 ? BORN?

 65 BC - Horas, Roman poet (died 8 BC)

 1021 - Wang Anshi, Chinese economist and chancellor (died 1086).

 1412 - Astorre II Manfredi, Italian lord (died 1468)

 1418 - Queen Jeonghui, consortium of the Queen of Korea (died 1483).

 1424 - Anselm Adornes, Belgian merchant, politician and diplomat (died 1483)

 1538 - Miklos Istvanffy, Hungarian politician (died 1615).

 1542 - Mary, Queen of Scotland, daughter of James V and Gise Mary of Scotland, at Linlitgow Palace (died 1587)

 1558 - François de La Rochefoucauld, Catholic cardinal (died 1645)

 1678 - Antonio de Benavides, Governor of Florida Colonial (d. 1762)

 1678 - Horatio Valpol, 1st Baron Valpol, English politician and diplomat, Ambassador of Great Britain to France (died 1757).

 1708 - Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor (died 1765)

 1724 - Claude Balbastre, French organist and composer (died 1799).

 1730 - Jan Ingenhousz, Dutch physician, physiologist and botanist (died 1799).

 1731 - František Javier Dushek, Czech pianist and composer (died 1799)

 1756 - Archduke Maximilian Francis of Austria (died 1801)

 1765 - Eli Whitney, an American engineer, invents the cotton gin (died 1825).

 1795 - Peter Andreas Hansen, Danish astronomer and mathematician (died 1874)

 1807 - Friedrich Traugott Kutzing, German pharmacist, botanist and physicist (died 1893)

 1813 - August Belmont, Prussian American financier and diplomat, 16th U.S. Ambassador to the Netherlands (died 1890).

 1815 - Adolf Menzel, German painter and painter (died 1905).

 1817 - Christian Emil Krag-Juel-Wind-Frijs, Danish lawyer and politician, 10th Prime Minister of Denmark (died 1896).

 1818 - Charles III, Prince of Monaco (died 1889)

 1822 - Jokov Ignyatovic, Hungarian-Serbian author (died 1889).

 1832 - Bjornstjerne Bjornson, Norwegian-French writer and playwright, Nobel Laureate (died 1910).

 1860 - Amanda McKittrick Ros, Irish writer and poet (died 1939)

 1861 - William C. Durant, an American businessman, founded General Motors and Chevrolet (died 1947).

 1861 - Aristide Maillol, French sculptor and painter (died 1944)

 1861 - Georges Melez, French actor, director, producer and screenwriter (died 1938)

 1862 - Georges Feido, French playwright (died 1921)

 1863 - Charles Lincoln Edwards, American zoologist (died 1937)

 1865 - Rüdiger von der Golts, German general (died 1946)

 1865 - Jacques Hadamard, French mathematician and academician (died 1963)

 1865 - Jean Sibelius, Finnish violinist and composer (died 1957)

 1875 - Frederick Buch, Danish actor and screenwriter (died 1925)

 1877 - Paul Ladmirault, French pianist, violinist and composer (died 1944).

 1880 - Johannes Aavik, Estonian linguist and philologist (died 1973).

 1881 - Albert Glizz, French painter (died 1953)

 1884 - Francis Balfour, British colonel and politician (died 1965)

 1886 - Diego Rivera, Mexican painter and teacher (died 1957)

 1890 - Bohuslav Martine, Czech-American pianist and composer (died 1959).

 1892 - Marcus Lee Hansen, American historian, author, and academic (died 1938)

 1894 - EC Segar, American cartoonist, creates Popeye (died 1938).

 1894 - James Turber, American comedian and cartoonist (died 1961)

 1899 - Arthur Leslie, Anglo-Welsh actor and playwright (died 1970).

 1899 - John Qualen, Canadian-American actor (died 1987)

 1900 - Sun Li-zhen, Chinese general and politician (died 1990)

 1900 - Ants Oras, Estonian-American author and academic (died 1982).

 1902 - Vifredo Lam, Cuban-French painter (died 1982)

 1903 - Zelma Watson George, black American opera singer (died 1994)

 1908 - Concha Picker, Spanish singer and actress (died 1990)

 1908 - John A. Volpe, American soldier and politician, 61st Governor of Massachusetts (died 1994)

 1911 - Lee J. Cobb, American actor (died 1976)

 1911 - Nikos Gatsos, Greek poet and songwriter (died 1992)

 1915 - Ernest Lehman, American director, producer and screenwriter (died 2005)

 1916 - Richard Flecher, American director, producer and screenwriter (died 2006)

 1917 - Ian Johnson, Australian cricketer and administrator (died 1998).

 1919 - Peter Tali Coleman, Samoan American lawyer and politician, 43rd Governor of American Samoa (died 1997)

 1919 - Julia Bowman, American mathematician and theorist (died 1985)

 1919 - Kateryna Yushchenko, Ukrainian computer scientist and academician (died 2001)

 1920 - McDonald Bailey, Trinidadian English sprinter and rugby player (died 2013)

 1922 - Lucian Freud, German-English painter and painter (died 2011)

 1923 - Rudolf Pariser, Chinese American soldier and chemist

 1924 - Lionel Gilbert, Australian historian, author and academic (died 2015).

 1925 - Sammy Davis, junior, American actor, singer and dancer (died 1990).

 1927 - Vladimir Shatalov, Kazakh general, pilot and astronaut

 1928 - Bill Hewitt, Canadian journalist and master of sports (died 1996)

 1928 - Ulrik Nayser, German-American psychologist, neurologist and academic (died 2012)

 1930 - Julian Creteley, British journalist and politician (died 2000)

 1931 - Bob Arum, an American boxing promoter, founded Top Rank

 1933 - Flip Wilson, American actor and comedian (died 1998)

 1935 - Dharmendra, Indian actor, producer and politician

 1935 - Tatiana Zatulovskaya, Russian-Israeli chess player (2017)

 1936 - David Carradin, American actor, director and producer (died 2009).

 1937 - Arne Niss, a small, German-Norwegian climber and entrepreneur (died 2004).

 1939 - Red Berenson, Canadian hockey player and coach

 1939 - Jerry Butler, American songwriter and producer

 1939 - Felipe Gozon, Filipino lawyer and businessman

 1939 - Dariush Mehrjui, Iranian director, producer and screenwriter

 1939 - Soko Richardson, American drummer (died 2004)

 1941 - Ed Brinkman, American baseball player and coach (died 2008)

 1943 - Larry Martin, American paleontologist and ornithologist (died 2013)

 1943 - Jim Morrison, American songwriter and poet (died 1971)

 1943 - Mary Voronov, American actress, director and screenwriter

 1944 - George Baker, Dutch songwriter

 1944 - Vince McLean, Canadian teacher and politician

 1946 - Chava Alberstein, Polish-Israeli songwriter and guitarist

 1947 - Gregg Allman, American songwriter and guitarist (died 2017).

 1947 - Gerard Blanc, French singer, guitarist and actor (died 2009)

 1947 - Katie-Claudia Fofonoff, Finnish author and poet (died 2011).

 1947 - Margaret Geller, American astrophysicist, astronomer and academic

 1948 - Luis Caffarelli, Argentine-American mathematician and academic

 1948 - John Waters, Anglo-Australian actor, songwriter and guitarist

 1949 - Mary Gordon, American writer, critic and academic

 1949 - Nancy Meyers, American director, producer and screenwriter

 1949 - Robert Sternberg, American psychologist and academic

 1950 - Rick Baker, American actor and makeup artist

 1950 - Tim Foley, American baseball player, coach and manager

 1950 - Dan Hartman, American songwriter and producer (died 1994).

 1951 - Bill Bryson, American essayist, traveler, and scientific writer

 1951 - Richard Desmond, English publisher and businessman, founded Northern & Shell

 1951 - Jan Eggum, Norwegian songwriter and guitarist

 1952 - Havan Van, Malay-Singaporean politician, Singapore Minister of Health

 1953 - Roy Firestone, American sports administrator and journalist

 1953 - Norman Finkelstein, American author, academic and activist

 1953 - Vladislav Kozakievich, Lithuanian-Polish pole vaulter and coach

 1955 - Milenko Zablaćanski, Serbian actor, director and screenwriter (died 2008)

 1956 - Warren Kukururullo, American songwriter and guitarist

 1957 - James Kama, American martial arts master and teacher (died 2014).

 1959 - Stephen Jeffrey, South African cricket player and coach

 1959 - Mark Stein, Canadian-American author and critic

 1960 - Aaron Allston, American game designer and author (died 2014).

 1960 - Lim Guan Eng, Malaysian accountant and politician

 1962 - Marty Friedman, American Japanese guitarist, songwriter and TV presenter

 1962 - Nikos Karageorgiou, Greek footballer and manager

 1963 - Greg Howe, American guitarist, songwriter and producer

 1963 - Ricky Wolford, Australian rugby league player

 1964 - James Blundell, Australian songwriter and guitarist

 1964 - Oscar Ramirez, Costa Rican footballer and coach

 1965 - Theo Maassen, Dutch actor, producer and screenwriter

 1966 - Bushwick Bill, Jamaican American rapper (died 2019).

 1967 - Kotono Mitsuishi, Japanese voice actress and singer

 1967 - Darren Sheridan, English footballer and manager

 1968 - Mike Mussina, American baseball player and coach

 1968 - Doriano Romboni, Italian motorcyclist (died 2013)

 1969 - Christine Lauter, American mathematician and cryptographer

 1971 - Abdullah Ercan, Turkish footballer and manager

 1973 - Corey Taylor, American songwriter, musician and actor

 1974 - Tony Simmons, American footballer and coach

 1974 - Nick Zinner, American guitarist, songwriter and producer

 1976 - Brettina, American singer and songwriter and actress from the Bahamas

 1976 - Zoe Constantopoulou, Greek lawyer and politician

 1977 - Anita Veyermann, Swiss runner and journalist

 1979 - Ingrid Michelson, American songwriter and pianist

 1982 - Krisette Mikel, American songwriter

 1982 - Nikki Minaj, American rapper and actress from Trinidad

 1983 - Valerie Mezag, Cameroonian footballer (died 2014)

 1985 - Dwight Howard, American basketball player

 1985 - Oleksiy Pecherov, Ukrainian basketball player

 1986 - Sam Tagataese, New Zealand-Samoa Rugby League player

 1986 - Kate Voegele, American songwriter, guitarist and actress

 1992 - Yui Yokoyama, Japanese idol, model and actress

 1994 - Rahim Sterling, English footballer

 ■ THE DEAD ■

 855 - Metz Drogo, illegitimate son of Great Britain (born 801).

 964 - Elder Zhou, consortium of Chinese queens

 1626 - John Devies, English poet, lawyer and politician (born 1569).

 1632 - Philip van Lansberge, Dutch astronomer and mathematician (born 1561).

 1649 - Noel Chabanel, French missionary and saint (born 1613).

 1680 - Henry Perrepont, 1st Marquis of Dorchester, English jurist and politician (born 1606).

 1691 - Richard Baxter, English minister, poet and anthem writer (born 1615).

 1695 - Barthélemy d'Herbelot, French orientalist and academic (born 1625).

 1709 - Thomas Cornell, French playwright and philologist (born 1625).

 1722 - Elizabeth Charlotte, Queen Palatine (born 1652).

 1745 - Etienne Fourmont, French orientalist and academic (born 1683).

 1746 - Charles Radcliffe, English judge and soldier (born 1693).

 1756 - William Stanhope, 1st Earl of Harrington, English politician and diplomat, Lieutenant Lord of Ireland (born 1690).

 1768 - Jean Denis Attiret, French painter and missionary (born 1702).

 1830 - Benjamin Constant, Swiss-French philosopher and author (born 1767).

 1856 - Theobald Mathew, Irish social reformer and leader of the moderation movement (born 1790).

 1859 - Thomas De Quincy, English journalist and author (born 1785)

 1864 - George Bull, English mathematician and philosopher (born 1815).

 1886 - Isaac Lea, American conologist, geologist and publisher (born 1792).

 1894 - Pafnutiy Chebyshev, Russian mathematician and theorist (born 1821).

 1913 - Kamil Jenatzi, Belgian racing driver (born 1868)

 1914 - Melchior Anderegg, Swiss mountain traveler (born 1828)

 1914 - Maximilian von Spee, Danish German admiral (born 1861).

 1917 - Mendele Mocher Sforim, Russian author (born 1836).

 1929 - Jose Vicente Concha, Colombian politician and 8th President of Colombia (born 1867)

 1932 - Gertrude Jekyll, English gardener and writer (born 1843)

 1937 - Hans Molish, Czech-Austrian botanist and academician (born 1856)

 1940 - George Lloyd, Anglo-Canadian bishop and theologian (born 1861)

 1941 - Izidor Kurshner, Hungarian footballer and coach (born 1885)

 1942 - Albert Kahn, American architect, Fisher Building, Packard Automobile Plant, Ford River Rouge Complex (born 1869).

 1954 - Claude Cahun, French painter, photographer and writer (born 1894)

 1954 - Joseph B. Keenan, American lawyer and politician (born 1888)

 1958 - Tris Speaker, American baseball player and manager (born 1888).

 1963 - Sarit Tanarat, Thai field marshal and politician, 11th Prime Minister of Thailand (born 1908).

 1971 - Ernst Krenkel, Russian geographer and researcher (born 1903).

 1975 - Gary Thein, New Zealand CEO (born 1948)

 1978 - Golda Meyer, Ukrainian-Israeli teacher and politician, 4th Prime Minister of Israel (born 1898).

 1980 - John Lennon, English singer-songwriter and guitarist (born 1940)

 1982 - Bram Behr, Suriname journalist and politician (born 1951)

 1982 - Andre Campervin, Suriname footballer and manager (born 1924)

 1982 - Marty Robbins, American songwriter and racing driver (born 1925)

 1982 - Chaim Laskov, Chief of the Fifth Staff of the Israeli Defense Forces (born 1919).

 1983 - Kate Holioak, New Zealand farmer and politician, becomes the 26th Prime Minister of New Zealand (born 1904).

 1984 - Robert Jay Matthews, American militant leader, founded The Order (born 1953).

 1984 - Razzle, English drummer (Hanoi Rock) (born 1960).

 1991 - Buck Clayton, American trumpet player and composer (born 1911)

 1992 - William Shawn, American journalist (1917)

 1993 - Yevgeny Minaev, Russian weightlifter (1933).

 1994 - Antônio Carlos Jobim, Brazilian songwriter and pianist (born 1927)

 1996 - Kashiwado Tsuyoshi, Japanese sumo wrestler, 47th Yokozuna (1938)

 1999 - Peter Kuczka, Hungarian poet and author (born 1923).

 2001 - Mirza Delibasic, Bosnian basketball player and coach (born 1954).

 2001 - Betty Holberton, American computer scientist and programmer (born 1917)

 2004 - Dimebag Darrell, American songwriter and guitarist (born 1966)

 2005 - Rose Heilbron, British lawyer and judge (born 1914)

 2006 - Jose Uribe, Dominican baseball player (born 1959)

 2008 - Oliver Postgate, English voice actor, director, producer and screenwriter (born 1925).

 2012 - Jerry Brown, American footballer (born 1987)

 2012 - John Govans, general of the 16th Scottish-English Salvation Army (born 1934).

 2013 - John Cornfort, Australian-British chemist and academician, Nobel Laureate (born 1917).

 2013 - Shandor Szokolay, Hungarian composer and academician (1931 T.).

 2013 - Richard S. Williamson, American lawyer and diplomat (born 1949).

 2014 - Tom Gosnell, Canadian lawyer and politician (born 1951).

 2014 - Rass Kemmerer, American baseball player and coach (born 1930).

 2014 - Knut Nistedt, Norwegian organist and composer (born 1915).

 2015 - Mattiwilda Dobbs, American soprano and actress (born 1925).

 2015 - Alan Hodgkinson, English footballer and coach (born 1936).

 2015 - Douglas Tompkins, American businessman, co-founder of The North Face and Esprit Holdings (1943).

 2015 - John Trudell, American writer, poet and actor (born 1946)

 2015 - Elsie Tu, Anglo-Hong Kong teacher and politician (born 1913).

 2016 - John Glenn, American astronaut and senator, the first American to go into orbit (born 1921)

 2018 - David Vateroll, English physician, geneticist and academic (1933 y. T.)

 2019 - Rene Auberjonois, American actor (born 1940)

 2019 - Juice Wrld, American rapper, singer and songwriter (born 1998)

 2019 - Carroll Spinney, American puppet and actor (born 1933)

? HOLIDAYS?

● CARICOM - Cuba Day (Caribbean Team (CARICOM) and Cuba)

● Christian holiday:

• Immaculate Conception Day (an official holiday in some countries, a day of sacred commitment in others) and related ceremonies:

  • The concept of the Blessed Virgin Mary (Anglican Union), less memorable

• Festa da Conceicao da Praia celebrating the Queen of the Ocean Yemenja in Umbanda (El Salvador, Bahia)

• Festival of Lights (Lyon)

• Mother's Day (Panama)

• Mrs. Kamarin Day (Guam)

• Thebes pathos

• Pope Evtixian

  • Richard Baxter (U.S. Episcopal Church)

  • Romantic

• December 8 (Eastern Orthodox Liturgy)

● Constitution Day (Romania)

● Constitution Day (Uzbekistan)

● Finnish Music Day (Finland)

● The national tree planting day is the earliest day that can fall, and December 14 is the last day; celebrated on the second Monday in December. (Malawi)

● Hari-Kyuy (Kansai Province, Japan)

 ● National Youth Day (Albania)

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