Ovulation: how it is calculated, calendar, test, symptoms

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Not all women know what ovulation is and its calendar. Most of all, this concept is encountered at the beginning of sexual life, because this knowledge helps to get pregnant or, conversely, to prevent it.

The menstrual cycle is divided into two stages (phases) - before and after ovulation. Each phase lasts a specific day. Their duration is affected by hormonal balance. There are some changes in the body during this period that have a positive effect on pregnancy, but fertilization can only occur in the middle of the cycle, i.e. during ovulation. For example, a cycle = 28 days, the chance of fertilization is approximately 12–14 days:

1. The first half of the menstrual cycle is characterized by the fact that it is at this time that one or more follicles begin to mature. This process is controlled by the pituitary gland's corresponding FSG hormone and estrogen.
2. Then begins the direct release of the egg - ovulation. At this time, the hormonal background undergoes significant changes. Progesterone and luteinizing hormone predominate.
3. The normal course of the cycle depends only on the availability of sufficient amounts of hormones.

In medicine, the concept of ovulation is defined as the release of a mature egg from the ovary into the fallopian tube.

Ovulation and being on the edge

Exactly those few days in the middle of the cycle are dangerous or vice versa positive. However, sex can take place a few days before ovulation. Determining fertile days is more complicated because they depend on many factors:

1. It is difficult to calculate because the days of ovulation depend on the hormonal background and the condition of the woman.
2. The timing of the presence of sperm in the genital tract is not the same and can only be determined after a spermogram has been performed.

It is also possible to get pregnant a few days before ovulation, but if the sperm are less active and the amount is less, it will be more complicated the day before.

Symptoms of ovulation

When a woman is planning a pregnancy or vice versa, it is necessary to determine ovulation by the calendar method. In many, the approach of this period is expressed brightly enough that the hormonal background changes in this way. For example, symptoms:

1. Pain in the lower abdomen. It is caused by the elongation of the ovarian capsule and its rupture. It can be intense, but there will be more cramping pain. It disappears completely by the end of ovulation. If the pain is very pronounced and spreads to other parts of the body, especially the rectum, it is necessary to conduct an examination - there is a possibility of ovarian apoplexy.
2. Change of allocations. At the beginning of the cycle they are almost non-existent, but near the middle they are more noticeable, numerous and sticky. In a completely healthy woman, they become colorless. The gynecologist can predict the day of ovulation depending on the obvious symptom - the accumulation of mucus in the cervical canal.
3. High sexual desire is a natural reaction of the body during this period.

The above symptoms appear in the middle of the cycle, but the indirect signs of ovulation that have taken place should also be considered. For example, premenstrual syndrome (HOS) occurs only in cycles where ovulation occurs. Or, let’s say a woman has a regular menstrual cycle, which means that ovulation is unlikely to occur in the future.

How to calculate ovulation, ovulation calendar

There are several calculation methods. It is easier to calculate it in regular menstruation. There is one feature that helps determine the duration of both phases:

1. The duration of the first phase can vary, as the ovum can mature at any time.
2. The duration of the second phase is 12-16 days. It takes so long for the body to realize that pregnancy does not exist.
3. That is, by subtracting 16 from the cycle duration, you can expect ovulation from that day. Example: the cycle is 30 days, we subtract 16, we get 14 days.

However, if it is irregular, it will be much more difficult to get the right calculation. This takes the duration of the last 6 cycles. The shortest of them loses 18, and the longest loses 11. The first number is the first fertile day, the second is the last fertile day.

Basal temperature

Its indicators help to calculate the days of ovulation. It is measured every morning by inserting a thermometer into the rectum for 5 minutes. There are a few rules for measuring basal temperature correctly so that the results are accurate.

In this case, the measurement is performed throughout the cycle. Normally, the readings do not rise above the 37 mark. A few days before ovulation, it drops slightly, and on the day of ovulation, the basal temperature rises sharply. If such abrupt changes are not observed, it means that there was no ovulation in this cycle.

Ovulation test

For those who want to get pregnant, it is important to determine the exact day of ovulation. Usually, both the ovulation and the ovulation occur on the same day, because the ovum is only present for one day after it leaves the ovary.

A special test that determines the level of luteinizing hormone in the urine is one of the detection methods. 2 days before ovulation, its level increases significantly. But here, too, there are drawbacks, for example:

1. Hormone levels can be very low and therefore the test will not show a result either, but ovulation will still occur.
2. The reagent has expired and become unusable.
3. Does not fit in an irregular cycle.