Information about Uzbekistan

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TERRITORY AND CLIMATE

Geographical location: The Republic of Uzbekistan is located between the Amudarya and Syrdarya rivers, with an area of ​​448,9 thousand square meters. km. The border of the republic is 1425 km from west to east and 930 km from north to south.


Boundaries
The republic is bordered by Kazakhstan to the north and northeast, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan to the east and southeast, Turkmenistan to the west, and Afghanistan to the south. The length of the state border with Afghanistan is 143 km, Kazakhstan - 2356,31 km, Kyrgyzstan - 1476,12 km, Tajikistan - 1283,2 km. and with Turkmenistan - 1831,49 km.

Relief Uzbekistan has a very favorable natural and geographical conditions among the Central Asian states. The territory of the country includes a unique lowland and mountainous terrain.
Most of the territory of Uzbekistan (around 4/5) is low-lying. The most important of these is the Turan lowland. In the east and north-east of the country are the Tien Shan and Pamir mountain ranges (the highest point in the country is 4643 m). In the center of the territory of Uzbekistan lies one of the vast deserts of the world - Kyzylkum.

Geological structure and minerals
The country's mineral resources include natural gas, lignite and coal, gold, copper, tungsten, bismuth, and open oil deposits.

Climate
The climate of Uzbekistan is a rapidly changing continental climate. Day and night, summer and winter temperatures in the region are sharply different. The annual air temperature difference is significantly higher. The average temperature drops to -6 ° C in January and rises to +0 ° C in July. Annual precipitation in the lowlands is -32-0 mm, in the desert -120 mm. reaches. Due to low rainfall, agriculture is dependent on artificial irrigation.

Inland water basins
The largest rivers in the country are the Amudarya and the Syrdarya. The length of the Amudarya is 1437 km, Syrdarya - 2137 km. Many of Uzbekistan's inland rivers flow into vast steppes and deserts, with only the Amudarya and Syrdarya flowing into the Aral Sea.

Soil and vegetation
The lowlands are desert vegetation, and the mountains are steppe, forest, and foothill vegetation.

Animal world
The fauna of the country is very diverse. Saigas and goats, which are very rare in the deserts, are 1,5 meters long, and in the highlands there are rare species of snow leopards and mountain goats.

Mountain system
Mountains and foothills cover 1/5 of the country's territory. The eastern region consists of medium and high mountainous terrain: the territory of the republic includes the Western Tien Shan (Ugam, Pskem, Chatkal and Qurama mountain ranges) and the Pamir-Alay (Zarafshan, Turkestan, Gissar, Kohitangtog and Boysuntag mountain ranges). From south to west, they slop and join the lowlands. Among these mountains lie the huge oases of Kashkadarya, Surkhandarya, Zarafshan and Samarkand. The largest of these, the Fergana Valley, is 370 kilometers long and 190 kilometers wide. It is surrounded on three sides by high mountains, and only the western side is flat. The Amudarya delta stretches along the border with Afghanistan.

Natural resources
The Republic of Uzbekistan has huge industrial and mineral resources, agricultural products, a large number of semi-finished products obtained in the process of processing, natural resources and developed infrastructure.
Modern prospecting is rich in precious, non-ferrous and rare metals, various fossil fuels, oil, natural gas and gas condensate, brown and semi-coke coal, shale fuel, uranium and many other building materials. associated with the development of deposits.
The territory of Uzbekistan contains more than a hundred mineral raw materials, of which sixty types have been identified, many of which are already used in the national economy.
Uzbekistan is confirmed to be a leader not only among the CIS countries, but also in the world in terms of reserves of minerals such as gold, uranium, copper, natural gas, tungsten, potassium salts, phosphorites, kaolin. It ranks fourth in the world in terms of gold reserves, seventh in terms of mining, tenth-eleventh in terms of copper reserves, seventh-eighth in terms of uranium reserves, and eleventh-twelfth in terms of mining.
The following mineral resources not only extend the life of existing mining complexes in the future, but also their gold, uranium, copper, lead, silver, lithium, phosphorus, potassium salts, tin feldspar, wollastonite, agricultural chemical ores and others. serves to organize the re-mining of a number of minerals and increase their capacity.

STATE SYMBOLS

STATE EMBLEM OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN

The Law "On the State Emblem of the Republic of Uzbekistan" was adopted on July 1992, 2 at the X session of the Supreme Soviet of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
The State Emblem of the Republic of Uzbekistan consists of the image of the sun shining over the flowering valley and a wreath with the image of wheat ears on the left and open cotton bowls on the right.
At the top of the coat of arms, an octagonal star is depicted as a symbol of the unity of the Republic: a crescent moon and a star inside the octagon are the symbols of the Muslims.
In the center of the coat of arms is the wings of the legendary bird Humo, a symbol of generosity, nobility and devotion. These symbols and emblems represent the aspirations of our people for peace, goodness, happiness and prosperity.
At the bottom of the coat of arms, the word "Uzbekistan" is inscribed on a ribbon representing the national flag of the Republic.

THE STATE FLAG OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
The Law "On the State Flag of the Republic of Uzbekistan" was adopted on November 1991, 18 at the VII special session of the Supreme Soviet of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
The national flag and its symbol symbolize the historical connection with the ancient states on the borders of modern Uzbekistan and embody the national and cultural traditions of the republic.
The blue color of the flag is a symbol of eternal sky and life, reflecting the meaning of life. In the language of symbols, it means goodness, wisdom, honesty, glory and devotion. Consequently, the color of the flag of the state of Amir Temur was also blue.
The white color of the flag is a symbol of sacred peace, which is combined with the brightness of the day and the lights of the universe. White color is a symbol of purity, innocence, purity, purity of dreams and fantasies, the pursuit of inner beauty.
Green is a symbol of nature's renewal. He is a symbol of youth, hope and joy in many nations.
The red lines represent the streams of life force flowing in our bodies.
The image of the young crescent is associated with our historical traditions. At the same time, it is a symbol of our independence.
The stars were considered a priestly, divine symbol for all. The image of 12 stars on the State Flag of the Republic of Uzbekistan is also directly related to our historical traditions, our ancient annals. Our attention to the twelve stars is also explained by the development of the science of astrology in the scientific thinking of the ancient states on the border of Uzbekistan.
The image of 12 stars on our national flag should be understood as a symbol of the antiquity of the culture of the Uzbek people, its pursuit of perfection and happiness in their land.

THE NATIONAL ANTHEM OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
The Law "On the National Anthem of the Republic of Uzbekistan" was adopted on December 1992, 10 at the eleventh session of the Supreme Soviet of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

Music by Mutal Burhanov
Speech by Abdulla Oripov
Sunny free land, happiness, salvation,
You are a companion to your friends, kind!
Yashnagay to forever science, creativity,
Glory to the world!

Refrain:
These valleys of gold - dear Uzbekistan,
The courageous spirit of the ancestors is with you!
When the power of the great nation is in full swing,
He says he has fascinated the world!
The immortal faith of a generous Uzbek,
Free, young generation is a great wing for you!
Guardian of Peace with the Torch of Independence,
Honest, motherland, be prosperous forever!

Refrain:
These valleys of gold - dear Uzbekistan,
The courageous spirit of the ancestors is with you!
When the power of the great nation is in full swing,
He says he has fascinated the world!

LISTENING TO THE PRAISE Download the national anthem of the Republic of Uzbekistan in MP3 format (size: 2.33 Mb)

PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN

Shavkat Miromonovich Mirziyoyev was born on July 1957, 24 in Zaamin district of Jizzakh region in a family of doctors. Nationality - Uzbek. He graduated from the Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers in 1981. He is a mechanical engineer. Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor.

He began his career in 1981 at the Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers, where he worked as a junior researcher, senior lecturer, associate professor, vice-rector for academic affairs.

In 1990, he was elected to the Supreme Soviet of the Republic, and at the same time served as chairman of the Mandate Commission.

In 1992, he was appointed hokim (governor) of Mirzo Ulugbek district of Tashkent. From 1996 to 2001 he worked as the governor of Jizzakh region, from 2001 to 2003 he worked as the governor of Samarkand region and made a significant contribution to the socio-economic development of the district and regions.

In 1995-2003, as a deputy of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan, he actively participated in the development and adoption of important legislation on political, socio-economic development and democratic reforms. .

Sh.M.Mirziyoyev was confirmed as the Prime Minister of the Republic of Uzbekistan in 2003 and was reappointed to this position three more times - in 2005, 2010, 2015 by the chambers of the Oliy Majlis.

Sh.M.Mirziyoyev has been gaining the trust of the First President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Islam Karimov since the first days of independence of our country and has been effectively working as his close comrade and colleague.

Sh.M.Mirziyoyev as Prime Minister to implement large-scale socio-economic reforms, modernization and renewal of the country, implementation of large and unique projects, priority development of private property, sharp increase in the share of small business and private entrepreneurship in the economy and demonstrated its high potential and skillful organizational ability in further strengthening their legal protection.

Industrial development of the country's economy, increasing the country's export potential, radical reform of the agricultural sector, especially the development of the farming movement, deep processing of agricultural products, ensuring food security in the country and providing the population with guaranteed and affordable products focused on his work.

He carried out large-scale and effective measures aimed at radically improving the living and working conditions of the population through large-scale creative and beautification works in all regions of the country, quality public utilities, integrated development of cities and districts, especially remote rural areas.

Along with socio-economic issues, Sh.M. Mirziyoyev's activity includes the development of education, science, health care systems on the basis of modern requirements, the creation of favorable conditions for healthy and harmonious development of youth, motherhood and childhood. strong protection has become an important priority.

To further enhance the prestige and prestige of the mahalla, which is a unique institution of self-government, as well as to strengthen their position in society through the broad involvement of other public organizations in democratic reforms, respect for national spiritual values ​​and sustainable development. drew attention to the extent.

In addition to the above, he directly led the achievement of agreements that serve the national interests and economic development of our country by strengthening comprehensive cooperation with foreign countries and international structures, as well as international financial institutions in the implementation of economic and social tasks.

On September 2016, 8, at a joint session of the Legislative Chamber and the Senate of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the Prime Minister of the Republic of Uzbekistan Sh.M.Mirziyoyev temporarily assumed the duties and powers of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan. loaded.

The VIII Congress of the Movement of Entrepreneurs and Businessmen - Liberal Democratic Party of Uzbekistan was held in Tashkent on 19 October. It was decided to approve the candidacy of Shavkat Miromonovich Mirziyoyev, a member of the party's political council. According to the results of the presidential election held on December 2016, 4, he was elected President of the Republic of Uzbekistan with 88,61% of the vote. On December 2016, 14, he officially took office.

Sh.M.Mirziyoyev is married, has two daughters, one son and five grandchildren. His wife ZM Hoshimova is an engineer-economist by profession and is also a housewife.

Sh.M.Mirziyoyev was awarded the orders "Mehnat Shuhrati" and "Fidokorona Xizmatlari Uchun" for many years of fruitful work in government and administration, for his great contribution to the development of our country and the welfare of our people.

GOVERNMENT

The Cabinet of Ministers - the Government of the Republic of Uzbekistan - provides guidance to the effective functioning of the economic, social and spiritual spheres, the implementation of laws, other decisions of the Oliy Majlis, decrees, resolutions and orders of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan. It is the executive body of the Republic.

The Cabinet of Ministers operates in accordance with the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan" dated May 6, 1993 No 818-XII.

The Cabinet of Ministers manages the system of public administration bodies and the system of economic management bodies created by it, ensures their joint functioning.

The Cabinet of Ministers has the right to resolve all issues of state and economic management that fall under the jurisdiction of the Republic of Uzbekistan and fall within its competence in accordance with the Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan and this Law.

The Cabinet of Ministers has the right of legislative initiative.

The Cabinet of Ministers is based on the principles of collegiality, democracy and the rule of law, taking into account the interests of all nationalities and ethnic groups living in the Republic of Uzbekistan.

The Cabinet of Ministers, in accordance with the current legislation, issues decisions and orders that are binding on citizens, executives, enterprises, organizations, associations and all bodies in the entire territory of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

Resolutions of the Cabinet of Ministers of a normative nature are published in the Collection of Resolutions of the Government of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The media will be used if it needs to be made available to the general public immediately.

The Cabinet of Ministers is the founder of the newspaper Pravda Vostoka, as well as the newspapers Khalk Sozi and Narodnoe Slovo.

Personnel of the Cabinet of Ministers
Source: Government portal of the Republic of Uzbekistan

POPULATION AND NATIONAL HOLIDAYS

POPULATION OF UZBEKISTAN
The population of the Republic of Uzbekistan is 31575,3 thousand people (as of January 2016, 1), of which the urban population is 51%. The average population density is 1 sq. Km. 65.8 people. In terms of population, the Republic of Uzbekistan ranks third among the CIS countries after Russia and Ukraine. The majority of the population is about 80% Uzbek. Uzbekistan is a multinational republic with more than 100 nationalities and ethnic groups.
NATIONAL HOLIDAYS
January 14 is Defender of the Fatherland Day
In independent Uzbekistan, this holiday is dedicated to the organization of its armed forces. On January 1992, 14, the country's parliament passed a resolution on the transfer of all parts and associations of military schools and other military forms in the country to the jurisdiction of the Republic of Uzbekistan. January - Defender of the Fatherland Day.
March 8 - International Women's Day
In Uzbekistan, this holiday is celebrated as a holiday of love, kindness and beauty, and is also known as "Mother's Day". March 8 is a public holiday in Uzbekistan
March 21 - Navruz
The ancient national holiday of Navruz (translated from Persian as "new day") is celebrated on March 21. This day is the equinox. With the arrival of this holiday, many Uzbek families prepare various national dishes such as sumalak, halim, blue somsa, soup. These foods are rich in many vitamins that are beneficial to the human body.
After the independence of our country, the ancient customs and traditions of the Uzbek people came into force, including the celebration of Navruz. This holiday is a national holiday with a symbol of friendship and unity of all peoples. Today, Navruz is celebrated in Alisher Navoi Square.
May 9 - Day of Remembrance and Respect
The Memorial Square was opened in the capital of Uzbekistan on May 1999, 9, and since then May 9 has been celebrated as the Day of Remembrance and Honor. This holiday has a wide meaning and is dedicated to the memory of the heroes of independent Uzbekistan for centuries, who defended our country, fought for its freedom, independence and peace of its people, as well as a day of national memory and respect for man. also. Remembrance and Respect Day is a truly national holiday, when people visit their loved ones who live far and near, visit the elderly, and are given special respect.
September 1 - Independence Day
The main national holiday of the Republic of Uzbekistan is Independence Day. This holiday is solemnly celebrated on September 1st. The national holiday is a holiday that embodies all the dreams of the Uzbek people, based on friendship, charity and mutual respect.
Representatives of different nationalities living in Uzbekistan, regardless of nationality, religion and race, actively celebrate in all regions of Uzbekistan.
October 1 - Teachers 'and Coaches' Day
Every year Uzbekistan celebrates the Day of Teachers and Coaches. From ancient times the deep respect and attention to the teacher has been preserved. Words like “Domla”, “Muallim”, “Ustoz” are important for every student. When these words resound, the loving teachers who instill feelings of love, discipline, morality, knowledge, profession, and humanity into the minds and hearts of the students come to mind. With these words, teachers are addressed with gratitude and respect.
Pupils of schools and educational institutions have a deep respect for the teachers who gave them the first knowledge of life. On this day, teachers are sincerely congratulated with flowers and gifts for their hard work on the path of life.
December 8 - Constitution Day
The Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan was adopted by the Parliament on December 1992, 8. This holiday is widely celebrated throughout Uzbekistan. Ramadan Hayiti
This holiday is directly related to the month of Ramadan, which falls on the 9th month of the Muslim (Hijri) calendar. This month is a period of not only physical but also spiritual, spiritual purification. During this month, Muslims abstain from eating, drinking, and satisfying their desires from dawn to dusk. During this month, people are advised to refrain from bad thoughts, reconcile quarrels, take care of the sick, help the needy, do as much good as possible, and refrain from evil.
Eid al-Fitr is celebrated a month after the fast of Ramadan. The first day of Eid al-Fitr, a holiday of kindness, gratitude and kindness, is a holiday in Uzbekistan.
Eid al-Adha
It is one of the largest religious holidays in the world celebrated by Muslims. The basis of this holiday is based on a historical event related to the Prophet Ibrahim (as), who was ready to sacrifice his son in the way of Allah. His movement is stopped by Allah and he is commanded to sacrifice an animal (sheep, cattle, camel and other creatures) instead. Since then, Muslims who have the opportunity to slaughter live once a year, on this holiday, as a token of gratitude. Its meat is distributed to relatives, neighbors, the needy and close relatives, and they themselves consume it. The holiday lasts for three days and Muslims spend these days in the company of family and relatives. On holidays, people get information about the condition of their relatives living far and near, help the needy. The first day of Eid al-Adha is a day off.
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