May 10 - Birth of Ghafur Ghulam

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Ghafur Ghulam
Date of birth: May 10, 1903
Date of death: July 10, 1966
Place of birth: Tashkent
Directions: Writers, Poets
Translation hol
Ghafur Ghulam is a well-known writer of Uzbekistan. In the poetry and prose of Ghafur Ghulam, the history of the Uzbek people has found its artistic expression. The author's work is diverse - poems, songs, epics, poems, stories, short stories. Gafur Ghulam's work in the post-war period played an invaluable role in the development of Uzbek literature.
Gafur Gulam is also known for his skillful translation into Uzbek of works by Pushkin, Lermontov, Griboyedov, Mayakovsky, Nozim Hikmet, Rustaveli, Nizami, Shakespeare, Dante, Beaumarchais and others.
Ghafur Ghulam was born on May 1903, 10 in Tashkent in a peasant family. His father was literate. He read Uzbek and Tajik classics, knew Russian, and wrote poems. Muqimi, Furqat, Asiri, Khislat and other poets used to come to his house.
In the fall of 1916, Gafur entered school. After the death of his mother (whose father had died earlier), he was forced to work. After trying himself in many professions, he finally got a job as a typist in a printing house, and then studied in pedagogical courses. From 1919 to 1927 he worked as a teacher, school principal, chairman of the Spiritual Union Workers, actively involved in the organization of the orphanage.
In 1923, G. Gulom's literary activity began. Poems, epics, essays, comic stories and short stories begin to be published in newspapers and magazines. In the poem "Children of Felix", written in 1923, talking about orphans, the writer describes his life, and in the magazine "Education and Teacher" will be published a second poem "Where is the beauty." Successive collections of poems will be published: "Dynamo", "Pictures of China", "We are alive with you", "Live songs", "To you", "Gift", "Morning song" 'i ”,“ Kokand ”epic and others.
Ghafur Ghulam's poems, written in the early 30s, show a shift to new forms, which was also significantly influenced by his study of classical Russian. It also requires a new vocabulary, new poetic colors, new tone and weight to describe the remarkable changes taking place in his homeland, such as the growth of industry, the construction of the Turksib railway. given
"Dynamo" (1931), "Living Songs" (1932) - the first collections of poetry, which clearly showed the direction of the young poet.
"Winter and Snow" (1929), "Bread" (1931), "Tashkent" (1933), "Elections at the Pole" (1937), "I am a Jew" (1941), about the poet's eternal life, the eternal blue tree. "Winter" (1941), "Wife" (1942), "Unfortunately, he did not add sorrow" (1945), "Garden" (1934), "Sorrow" (1942), "Autumn has come" (1945), "Autumn Seedlings" (1948) reflected the themes of humanity, humanity.
Many of his poems have the image of an oriental sage: "You are not an orphan" (1942), "Sorrow" (1942), "One is a student, one is a teacher" (1950), "To you - the youth" ( 1947), “Spring Songs” (1948) and others.
True folk heroes in the stories "Netay" (1930), "Memorial" (1936), "Shum bola" (1936-1962) and "Shariat tricks" (1930), "My thief child" (1965), our nationality is described.
The story of Netay is a wonderful work rich in broad social generalizations. The plot is based on a real event. The last Emir of Bukhara will stop in Tashkent during his visit to St. Petersburg. The rich do everything to make the Emir happy and joyful. A girl named Netay is brought to him for fun.
The image of ordinary workers is pleasantly expressed - the seeds and their wives take care of a ten-year-old girl named Netay, who is spiritually rich and very influential, despite the hardships of life. The story demonstrates Ghafur Ghulam's versatility and flexibility of talent and his skillful use of prose techniques.
Academician of the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan Gafur Ghulam created the research "Navoi and our time" (1948), "Let's learn from folklore" (1939), "About the drama of Jaloliddin" (1945), "Muqimiy" (1941). .
The dolzard of his time was the epic "Yuldosh", which tells about the powerful force in educating the younger generation. In the Civil War, relatives lost a comrade. Like other orphans, this child is cared for by the state - boarding schools and orphanages are set up for them.
Orphans are always ready to defend the independence of their homeland. The epic depicts the meeting of the Comrade with his father with great skill and warmth, and the image of people who are faithful to their debt is deeply and widely revealed. The theme of the Defender of the Fatherland was further developed and deepened in the subsequent works of Gafur Gulam in 1941-1945. He urges people to "have the patience, the ability" to focus on victory over the Nazis. The poet praises the role of Uzbek women in the economic development of the country in the postwar period.
In the epic Two Acts, he praises the relocation of villages, expressing Uzbek agriculture and their dreams for the future. The epic is strong with its devotion to the truth of real life. Here is a historically reliable picture of Uzbek agriculture. This theme is also reflected in the epic "Kokand". At one time he was popular among the people and served as a propagandist in the struggle to strengthen agriculture.
Ghafur Ghulam is also known as a master of short, sharp-plot stories, and instead of a storytelling style, he is in the form of a lively friendly discussion filled with questions and answers from the author, authorial speech, and free access to the reader. uses. Many of the prose works created by Ghafur Ghulam in the 30s are dedicated to new human relationships. The main problem and solutions he highlights in his works is the moral education of man, the struggle for his spiritual and cultural development. The author creates bright positive images in his prose works. Jora, a positive hero with a big heart in the story "Yodgor", raises the child of a stranger. It is through the attitude of an ordinary person towards a foreign child that the author has shown Jora’s high moral level.
Ghafur Ghulam has dedicated many of his works to children. The story of the "Silent Child" is relatively successful. The protagonist speaks for himself about his tragic life. The boy runs away from home to his aunt's house because his mother punished him while taking the products out of the house. But here, too, the boy's luck does not come: he accidentally kills his uncle's quail and leaves this house as well. So he begins to wander and bother. The writer focuses on describing the worries and inner experiences of the naughty child. Depicting external events, objects, and everything that surrounds the little hero serves to deeply express human emotions. Everything is subject to it - the point of view of the story statement, the landscape and the symbolic basis of the work.
Gafur Ghulam dedicated his best poems to children and teenagers: "Two childhoods", "I know", "Your homeland is waiting for you".
During the war, Ghafur Ghulam wrote such poems as “You are not an orphan”, “I am waiting for you, my son!”, “Time”, “Observation”, “Woman”, “There will be a holiday on our streets”. created wonderful poems. "I'm waiting for you, son!" in his poem the poet praises the patience and strength of the fathers who, through their heroic labors behind the front, brought victory near the enemy.
In difficult times, people’s love for children made great sense. This is evident in the wonderful poem "You are not an orphan," which speaks of the loss of parents and the sincere care of ordinary people. The poet's poems "Giant", "Song of Victory", "Time", "Woman", written during the war years, are examples of high civic poetry. They are from the "I'm from the East" collection.
In the post-war years, Gufur Ghulam published a number of collections of poetry: "New Poems", "Flames of Uzbekistan", "Mothers", "Pride of the Uzbek People", "Dawn" "Long live peace!", "This is your signature". In the poems in these collections, the poet seeks to find answers to important questions of the peacetime, to show the achievements of the Uzbek people in labor. The protagonists of his works are ex-soldiers engaged in worldly affairs and peaceful labor.
Ghafur Ghulam is an ardent fighter for peace, friendship and happiness of the people. The poet has created a collection dedicated to the struggle for peace. The best of them are: "From the rostrum of the world", "Long live peace!", "This is your signature" and others.
Ghafur Ghulam is also known for his skillful translation into Uzbek of works by Pushkin, Lermontov, Griboyedov, Mayakovsky, Nozim Hikmet, Rustaveli, Nizami, Shakespeare, Dante, Beaumarchais and others, as well as for his literary and journalistic articles.
The works of Vladimir Mayakovsky had a great influence on the formation of Gafur Ghulam's worldview and artistic taste. Ghafur Ghulam writes in one of his articles: “I know and love Russian classics, and I have translated many of their works into my native language. But I want to say that I am a student of Mayakovsky, who "opened for me the most diverse and endless possibilities in the field of weight, vocabulary, symbolism, melodic structure of poetry." In addition to the enormous emotional power of Mayakovsky's satire, his critical irony, and his lyricism, I tried to combine the courage of his methods, the courage of metaphors, and the expressiveness of his rhetoric. I even had to use the structure of the poem in the Uzbek poetic system, which increases the style, tone and expressiveness of the meaning. ” These are reflected in many of Ghafur Ghulam's poems, for example: "On the roads of Turksib", "Mother Earth", "Long live peace!".
The post-war period of Gafur Ghulam's work played an important role in the development of Uzbek literature. In the pre-war period, his poems depicted the inner experiences and thoughts of people who wanted peace on earth, defending what they had created before the war with a handgun. The poet's post-war lyrics are a logical continuation and development of his lyrics of the war years, "Remember, the Motherland is waiting for you!" and the poems "Victory Day" are the connecting link between these two creative periods of the poet.
Examples of creativity
"There will be a holiday on our streets"
"To you - the youth"
"Giant"
"Time"
"Elections at the Pole"
"Long live peace!"
"Two acts"
"Two childhoods"
"About Jaloliddin's drama"
"I'm waiting for you, son!"
"Wife"
"Winter"
"Winter and snow"
"I'm from the East"
"Unfortunately, he did not add regret"
"One is a student, the other is a teacher"
"Mothers"
"Spring songs"
"My only thief"
"Stable"
"Navoi and our time"
Netay
"New poems"
"Flames of Uzbekistan"
"Shub bola"
"Autumn seedlings"
"Autumn has come"
"Dawn Song"
"Song of the winners"
"Tracking"
"From the pulpit of the world"
"Garden"
"Tashkent"
"Homeland is waiting for you"
"Sorrow"
"You are not an orphan"
"Let's learn from folklore"
"Sharia tricks"
"No"
"This is your signature"
"Comrade"
"I am Jewish"
"I know"
“Monument”
Ghafur Ghulam died on July 1966, 10. He is buried in Chigatay Cemetery.
There is a house-museum of the writer at the following address: Uzbekistan, 100003, Tashkent, Arpapay street, 1.
Open from 10.00 a.m. to 17.00 p.m. Day off: Monday. Tel .: 395-43-94
Ghafur aka is known by many through political, sometimes high-sounding poems. He is often imagined standing in the pulpit. However, “If I love, I love. I am Uzbek, simple! ” wrote Ghafur aka…
Ghafur Ghulam
Ghafur Ghulam
Omon Mukhtor
TWENTIETH CENTURY NASRIDDINI
Mirtemir aka was ill. When I went to see him, he turned me around in the yard and said, "My son, I can't go out on my own."
Going down from the second floor of the hospital, Gafur aka is standing in front of the door - wearing a king's robe, a belt around his waist, a skullcap on his head, and a kalish-mahsi on his feet. Seeing him, Mirtemir aka suddenly came to life. In this revival, in addition to respect for Ghafur aka, there was a kind of sunyunch and pleasure.
"You have become a blue batrak, Gafur aka," joked Mirtemir aka.
"Where were we going after our ancestors?" Said G'afur aka. "I ordered a place here and tea." We'll shoot.
There was a "place and tea" at the foot of the flower garden. Shortly afterwards, a circle of five or six people gathered. Ghafur aka had many relatives.
He took a Kazbek cigarette and a match from one pocket and a pumpkin with a nose wrapped in paper from the other pocket and put it on the table.
- Gafur aka, can you do one? Said one of those who joined the circle.
Ghafur aka thoughtfully, without haste:
"Sometimes they call me upstairs, it's awkward," he said. - A citizen like us can leave nasvai.
I was sitting next to Ghafur aka. He looked at me, his eyes smirking, and said slowly:
"You're a young man, and it's a shame to get involved." But your stomach is hot. "Don't get bored, crush this nose and put it on the pumpkin." If your stomach is very hot, find a complete rhyme for the word "crab". Then we use…
* * *
I wanted to tell the story of the works that Ghafur Ghulam fabricated at the end of his life (similarly!), The history of their recording on the radio. But when I was thinking about Hasan Kayfi, I remembered the above story. I remembered some of the incidents in the ring.
Many of our generation saw Ghafur aka when I was in school. Ghafur aka used to go to Bukhara (and other regions). In one meeting, when the late Maxim Karim was reciting a poem, I imagined that Ghafur aka would write four lines corresponding to that poem and add it to the poem as well. (It was Gafur aka who searched for Sultan Jura in Bukhara and brought him to literature in time!)
There would be a hotel called Bukhara (not the current one). One morning, when I was a student, I got a plane ticket and when I came in, there was usually no one in the crowded basement, for some reason Ghafur aka was standing alone. I greeted him calmly.
"What are you doing here?" Gafur aka asked as if he had met his old friend.
I told him that I was from Bukhara, that I was studying in Tashkent and that I had come home to call.
"Come here," said Gafur aka.
We went outside and sat in the driveway next to the door.
- Since your parents are in Bukhara, why don't you join us in Tashkent? If you want, you can talk to me, if you want, the yard is big, you can play with the kids.
He was a man of mood. I’ve also heard that some annoying students or amateurs are kicked out of the door… My luck ran out. In those years (probably because of my sister Olmos, who studied at Dorilfun), we saw Ghafur aka’s house and enjoyed the conversation.
After graduating, I had the opportunity to communicate with Gafur aka, especially among the great writers of the sixties.
* * *
Ghafur aka is known by many through political, sometimes high-sounding poems. He is often imagined standing in the pulpit. However, “If I love, I love. I am Uzbek, simple! ” wrote Ghafur aka…
If you look at the statue of Nasriddin Efendi in Labihovuz in Bukhara, it reminds you of Gafur aka: it is said that the sculptor copied it. In general, almost all the qualities of Hodja Nasriddin - goodness, wisdom, resourcefulness, and even wickedness (he did not write "Silent Child" in vain!) - were embodied in this man. At the same time, he was extremely serious, with a sad look on his face, and often seemed to be anxious, not calm. At times, he even felt impatient and nervous. Interestingly, kindness and humor were also present in these cases. Walking among the people, gossip was Gafur aka's soul. It was as if there was no life for him without a teahouse, a market, a bathroom. He was a family man, a child prodigy, a homemaker, and a nomad. Gafur aka was the most popular among his peers. Of course, in a number of Ghafur aka's poems, THE POLITICS OF YESTERDAY are stamped. As we have already said, Ghafur aka, known as a poet in the pulpit, was in fact a philosopher and thinker. if time allowed, he wrote only philosophical, universal poems. Indeed, in twentieth-century Uzbek poetry, there is no other poet who has conveyed to Gafur aka, "From the smallest particle to Jupiter…."
I remember: I was studying at our literary newspaper at that time (60s). Our teacher, newspaper editor Lazizhon aka, said: "Bring a poem from Gafur aka dedicated to the holiday." It was the eve of May. During this period, Gafur aka once or twice a year (sometimes even more) used to rest and be treated in the big hospital. I “invaded”. I saw Ghafur aka leaning on a low chair in his room and writing allanimas in Arabic script on a piece of paper on such a low chair.
"Listen!" He said as I entered the room and greeted him.
"Excellent!" I said after hearing the poem.
"Five or ten lines left," said Gafur aka. - I rhyme the first line with the third line, you find the rhyme with the second line and the fourth line.
Where to find rhyme! Before I could say a word, Ghafur aka finished the poem.
He read back from beginning to end.
"How?"
"Excellent!" I said again.
"Don't smile!" This is not your newspaper. To our main newspaper, - said Gafur aka. He sat quite distracted. "What have we written to you now?"
A blue path could be seen from the window.
"Write something around!" I said. Coming here, he thought the poem was ready, and I was a little disappointed that it didn't work.
"Otherwise, have some tea," said Gafur, gesturing to the table. "I'm throwing myself from side to side."
He went out. Soon he was seen walking down the aisle.
Finally, he sat down again, leaned back in his low chair, and began to write in Arabic. And he began to read to me:
… Atrophic, pink.
… Nerves -
Farhod GESiday tarang!
I was stunned. Ana, G'afur G'ulom!
Ashamed of both poems, I moved on to a new spelling. Regarding the second poem, Gafur aka:
"How?" He asked.
"Excellent!"
"It didn't work out," said Gafur aka, who, despite my joy, was not satisfied. Satisfied, he added: "No one can write a better poem for your newspaper anyway!"
In one or two lines, Gafur aka sometimes drew expressions of the world, a clear, strange picture: "There are guys who put a spider in their eyes."
By the way, about Bukhara. Just two lines, but as if the whole novel:
Bukhara - a golden bowl,
Limmo-lim with blood and tears…
* * *
Ghafur aka could only look at everyone and everything with love or resentment (the essence of his life and work was love and hate). He did not translate Othello in vain. He doesn’t know the third way (you’ll be amazed at how such a person has come to terms with time).
During the war, he was so upset with the orphans who were brought from somewhere that he said, "Calm down, my liver!" He says, "You are at home!" he says. This is accompanied by anger:
There is no parental appointment,
Milk blind, dirty
Hitler Oqpadar…
In everyday situations, Ghafur aka either rejoices like a child, or burns like a "bitter nose". When he gets angry, his eyes light up and he blushes up to his nose.
I remember it was a circle of scientists and celebrities. I am young, in service. From time to time I listen to conversations from abroad. Ghafur aka was in a good mood.
Someone talked about the riots of the youth of the two provinces. One provincial leader said the youths were just having fun.
Ghafur aka suffocated and exploded:
"What does that mean?" If a people wearing a doppi would call each other "deep doppili" and "yapasi doppili"! Raise your hand! If you justify them instead of discipline! I am writing an article. Add your name! ..
The leader became mud. He did not raise his head back until the circle had dissipated.
Did Ghafur aka hurt someone unjustly?
Has anyone suffered from it?
Life does not make a person miserable!
But he was blessed by nature.
When I went to the hospital again, he was in a critical condition. but had prepared the poem. I moved to a new spelling. I moved quickly so as not to get bored.
"Now the car is coming, don't hurry," said Gafur aka. He said he also had a job in the city, in the center.
The car came. We set off. When I reached the corner near Orda, I asked to stop. It's close to oil, I said I'll go myself. Gafur aka ordered the driver to walk straight.
He was sick, and again went out into the street with the same anxiety; especially since I was much younger than him, just an amateur. As if that weren’t enough, I’m sitting there flattering that I’m going to fall!
Ghafur aka smiles very calmly:
"You will serve us, and we will serve you too!"
I have never encountered such a generous attitude later in my life.
* * *
I wondered if he had written about the car.
Gafur aka called himself "a screw of the car."
The majestic "car" was moving forward, crushing many innocent people and making noise.
The people, a whole generation that was burning with the pain of the nation and dreaming of an independent life (despite the fact that it gave way to the "car" and gave way!) Were trampled underfoot…
Ghafur aka knew this. But after "orphanhood… wandering of the decades… a kind hand, a sweet word is as cheap as bread…", it was natural for a person to try to "unite" with the car, taking advantage of life, self-consciousness. In addition, he was brought up in a new environment: he seemed to consciously approve of the time, to believe (in any case, such an idea is born from what he writes). In addition, not only Gafur aka, but his peers and later artists were now "screws". For them, the pursuit of survival from oppression, like the previous generation, prevailed over truth, justice. The weakness of the slave was compounded by the scourge of interest, flattery. (This is the tragedy of yesterday’s literature!)
Gafur aka was a man of his time. But (as we said before) he lives among the people, in an Uzbek way. The pain of the PEOPLE, the NATION, typical of the previous generation, will live in his blood! None of his peers or later artists spoke on behalf of the Uzbek people at the level of Gafur aka, represented the people in all respects, defended and glorified the nation!
Maybe I'm wrong, but sometimes it seems to me that Gafur aka "masked" himself with political poems and articles (shum, mugambir!), Wrote human poems, profound scientific articles, especially prose… He wrote Alisher Navoi's ghazal "Tun bila tong" muhammas tied. For a long time I have been fascinated by one line: "One can not be called two to the people of time…" At first glance, the wisdom of the people of time is said. However, the tone of the complaint is different from the general content: "Unfortunately, the people of the time do not understand that there is a half under the bowl!"
* * *
The excuse of writing on the radio made me think a lot…
In short, Gafur aka loved radio. frequently called the literature department. In the department we worked Olmas Umarbekov, Farhod Musajonov, Nasiba Ergasheva, Bahodir Abdullaev and fireplace. Bahodir aka Olmos studied with my sister, sometimes he would call Gafur aka and write. one day he got busy and the job was assigned to me.
Ghafur aka came. Latifanamo read two of his works. Berigi hurried out of the room and heard him read.
"How?" He asked, as usual.
"Excellent!" I said. "Isn't there another?"
- Bor. Go! Said Gafur aka with pleasure. "But I didn't have a copy." I gave it to the publisher. If you don't mind, bring it and copy it, I'll come and read it at one o'clock on Friday.
"All right," I said.
Early Friday morning, he called:
"Are you ready?"
"Ready, Gafur aka!"
"How did you get it right?" "His habit was that if he read something, he would take it all at once." Despite his high reputation, it could not be said that he did not need money.
"Everything is ready!"
Roppa-rosa arrived at one o'clock.
He entered the studio and began to study.
These were "Efendi immortal" and "Hasan Kayfi", which were larger than the previous ones.
(Very unique, read with amazing skill).
He went back to the writing room.
He heard her read.
"How?"
"Excellent, Gafur aka!" I said. "If you're not upset, I'll tell you something."
"Tell me!"
- You are a great poet. Your poems are great. But to me, your prose works are even stronger. There is no equal.
Ghafur aka opened his eyes wide.
"Is that so?" Is that so? He said. Then, looking at a point, he whispered thoughtfully: - Maybe! Maybe…
* * *
Two mouthfuls.
Remembering the past is a good thing. Today's generation is not familiar with Gafur aka's life and work. My intention was just to introduce him a little.

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