Recommendations for growing melons

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Recommended varieties for planting: early ripening - Rohat, middle ripening - Suyunchi-2, Golden Valley, Lazzatli, Oltintepa, Kichkintoy, Obi novvot, Gurvak, Borikalla, late ripening - Toyona, Gurlan, Amudarya, Gulobi Khorezmi, Zar gulobi, Sakhovat, Umrboqiy, Beshak.

Seed selection. Sown watermelon seeds should be clean, highly germinating, disease-free, medium-sized, whole (unbroken). The seeds are cleaned of seeds and mixtures of other plants.

Land preparation. The soil is plowed in autumn to a depth of 35 cm. Mineral and organic fertilizers are applied before plowing the land. In the spring, the soil is treated with a long-toothed harrow to retain moisture in the soil. There is no need to re-plow the land in the spring when planting melons early. When crops are planted in the evening, it is necessary to re-plow the land. In this case, the soil is loosened to a depth of 22 cm without overturning.

Sowing time and scheme. In the regions located in the central region, the early varieties of melons are from April 15, the middle from April 20 to May 10, the evening from May 15 to June 10; in the southern regions, early varieties are planted until April 10, mid-April 10-20, and evenings June 10-20. In the northern regions, the planting of early melons begins on April 20, mid-April 25 to May 10, and in the evening on May 20-30, when the soil temperature reaches 14-15 ° C. Rows with a row spacing of 210-280 cm are obtained. Such ridges allow the melons of melons to spread well. Seeds are sown to a depth of 3–6 cm. For sowing small-seeded melons spend 1 g per 40 hectare, for sowing large-seeded melons - 50 g.

Care. If melon seeds are planted in moist soil, watering is not required until the seedlings germinate. Basic care of the melon crop includes weeding, loosening the soil, feeding the crop, mowing, watering, straightening the stalks, and fighting weeds and pests.

Growing is carried out in two stages: the first is carried out when the plant produces leaves, and the first at the time of pruning. Along with the mass germination of seedlings, they begin to soften the gaps.

20-25 days after germination, ie after the appearance of two or three leaves in them, the crop is first pruned, first watered and fed. The second mowing is carried out 25-30 days after the first. During the growing season, row spacing is cut 4-5 times.

Fertilization. For 1 hectare of melon apply 0,750 g of pure nitrogen, 0,750 g of phosphorus and 0,500 g of potassium, 300-400 kg of organic fertilizers. During the growing season on gray soils, sow 1-4 m per 5 hectare of land³ At the expense of watering 8–9 times is enough. In shallow fields, groundwater is irrigated 4-5 times less than in wetlands. A uniform supply of water to melons during the growing season is a guarantee of increased yields.

Disease and pest control. Before sowing the seeds are recommended to soak with the drug Fundazol (4–8 g per 1 kg of seeds) or Ponactin (4 g - 1 kg of seeds are moistened). The seeds are soaked in some micronutrients before sowing in order to neutralize them from diseases. They are: copper, zinc and manganese (0,05% or 0,5 g / kg), iron and barium (0,025% or 2,5 g / kg). When heated, the liquid temperature lasts for 20 hours at 22-12 C.

Pests - Melon lice (juice), spiders, aphids, autumn nightshade, melon beetle, melon fly, etc.

Methods of control: adherence to crop rotation by agro-technical methods, deep plowing; to give jacob water.

Biological application of melon lice, spiders, whiteflies, whiteflies, enkarsia parasites.

Chemically, 10 hundred acres of ground algae, Mospilan 20% (25-30 ml), Syrax 25% (120-160 ml) and other drugs are used against aphids. Carbophos 50% (200 ml), Nestor 20% nk (300 g), Agrofos D 55% (150 ml) are used against melon mosquitoes and melon mosquitoes.

Diseases: Root rot, fusarium wilt, unshudring, simple cucumber mosaic. Methods of control: adherence to crop rotation, removal of plant residues, Bayleton 25% (300-400 ml), Topaz 10% (200-250 ml), Kurzat R n from fungicides. cook. (200-250 g), it is recommended to spray Folicur 22,5% (50 ml) preparations mixed with 60-70 liters of water.

Harvesting. The melon crop is harvested three to five times, selecting ripe ones. Evening varieties planted in the evening are harvested once. Ripe melons die if left in the garden for a long time.

R. Hakimov, F. Rasulov

 

From the website of the Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources of the Republic of Uzbekistan