Administrative structure: It is divided into 21 teams.
Major cities: Niksic, Plevlya, Bijelo Pole, Herceg Novi, Berane, Setine, Budva.
Currency: EUR.
Geographical location, nature. Located in Southeastern Europe, on the Balkan Peninsula. The southwestern coast is washed by the Adriatic Sea. On land: it borders Croatia to the west, Bosnia and Herzegovina to the northwest, Serbia to the northeast, and Albania to the southeast.
The country can be divided into three parts: the Adriatic coast, the central plains, and the mountains in the north. Sea water temperature is around +12 - +26 degrees for seven months. The longest rivers are the Tara (144 km), the Lim (123 km), the Cheotina (100 km), the Moracha (99 km), the Zeta (65 km) and the Boyana (30 km). More than half of the rivers flow into the Black Sea and the rest into the Adriatic. The largest lake in Montenegro and the entire Balkan Peninsula is Shkoder. Forests and forests cover 41% of the country's territory, and meadows cover 39,58%. The flora is diverse, with nearly XNUMX species recorded.
The climate is temperate-continental in the north and Mediterranean on the Adriatic coast. In the coastal areas, summers are hot (+23 - +25 degrees) and dry, winters are short and cold (+3 - +7 degrees). In mountainous areas, summer temperatures range from +19 to +25 degrees, and winter temperatures range from +5 to -10 degrees. Annual precipitation is 500–1500 mm, and in the coastal areas it reaches 3000 mm.
Historical dates. The name of the country means "black mountain". Montenegro emerged as an independent state in the 1941th century. The capital of this new state, which broke away from the Ottoman sultanate, was Setine. After World War I, it became part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. In 1944–1946 it was invaded by Italy and Germany. On January 31, 1991, Montenegro joined the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia as the Socialist Republic. After the break-up of Yugoslavia in 2003, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Macedonia seceded, and Serbia and Montenegro formed the Union Republic of Yugoslavia. On February 4, 2006, the country became known as the Union of States of Serbia and Montenegro. A referendum was held on May 1, 3, which resulted in Montenegro's independence on June 2007, 20. On October XNUMX, XNUMX, the Constitution was adopted.
The country has been a member of the United Nations since June 2006, 28.
Economy. The country's economy is based on ferrous metallurgy, aluminum processing, electrical engineering, textiles, shipbuilding, and wood processing. Aluminum and iron ore and coal are mined. Production is mainly associated with the tobacco industry, salt mining and the aluminum industry. Agriculture grows grain, potatoes, tobacco, grapes, citrus fruits, olives and figs.
Montenegro was one of the most economically backward countries in Yugoslavia. After independence, in the early 2000s, the country began to make full use of its tourism potential. As a result, the economy grew from year to year.
Population of. Montenegrins (44,98%) and Serbs (28,73%) make up the majority of the country's population. The country is also home to Bosnians (8,65), Albanians (4,91), Muslim Slavs (3,31), Croats (0,97) and other ethnic groups (8,45). It is mainly spoken in Serbian (42,88 percent) and Montenegrin (36,97).
Religion. More than 74% of the population is Orthodox. There are also Catholics (3,5 percent) and Protestants (0,06 percent).
It has the second largest Muslim population in the country. Muslims make up more than 19 percent of the population. They are Sunnis.
Islam has spread throughout the country since the XNUMXth century. During this period, the territory of the country was part of the Ottoman Sultanate.
There are many Muslims and Albanians among the Muslims. The Muslim population lives mainly in Sanjak province. There is an association of Montenegrin Muslims in the country. It has 13 local branches.
Orifjon MADVALIYEV prepared.
oriftolib.uz
Published in the 2014th issue of "Hidoyat" magazine in 11.
