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On October 1989, 21, the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On the State Language" was adopted, and on September 1993, 2, the Law "On the introduction of the Uzbek alphabet based on the Latin script." This year marks the 20th anniversary of the adoption of the Law on the State Language. During this period, a number of cultural, spiritual, enlightenment, ideological creations, researches, scientific researches have been carried out aimed at further refinement, art, history and importance and prestige of our native language in the world.
As a result, today the peoples of many countries around the world, along with the symbols of our state - the flag, coat of arms, national anthem of the Republic of Uzbekistan, respect the Uzbek language and appreciate it as an elegant and rich language.
Every year, October 21 is widely celebrated in our country as a language holiday. It is a priority to ensure the implementation of the State Program on further development and improvement of the native language, raising its national spirit, raising culture and art to a higher level, as well as the introduction of the Uzbek alphabet based on the Latin script. the performance of tasks in this direction is becoming more and more ingrained in our daily lives.
Pursuant to the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated April 2004, 30 No. 621-II "On Amendments and Addenda to Certain Legislative Acts of the Republic of Uzbekistan", the term of execution of this Law is from September 2005, 1 to September 2010, 1. extended until September XNUMX.
The activities of the Public Fund for History and Heritage of Communications and Information, established by the Uzbek Agency for Communication and Information and its joint-stock companies, societies, enterprises, organizations and institutions, also have a number of positive effects on the implementation of the above laws. work is underway.
Along with economic reforms, spiritual, educational, socio-political and legal reforms are at the heart of the radical reforms being carried out in our country. Especially in the socio-economic development of our country, the growing formation of market economy relations, the change of human thinking, the development of science, education, culture, spirituality and enlightenment, as well as the Uzbek language and language culture from generation to generation. It has emerged as the main criterion of the coming historical customs, traditions, rituals, lifestyles and ancient values.
After the independence of Uzbekistan, the rule of law was established. The basis of the rule of law is civil society. Civil society, on the other hand, is made up of legal relationships. The future of a nation with a high level of legal knowledge, which knows its rights, legally demands them and protects them, is bright and prosperous. Therefore, in the first years of independence, President Islam Karimov said: “… To intensify legal advocacy among the population, to expand legal advocacy for the population to know, recognize and apply their rights in practice. That's the decent thing to do, and it should end there. "
It is recognized that the ultimate goal of radical democratic reforms in our country is to build a rule of law based on civil society, in which human rights and interests are fully guaranteed. In our society, first of all, the process of building a rule of law that represents, provides and protects the interests of man is underway.
In the history of mankind, language has always been given great importance. At the end of the twentieth century, the idea of looking at language as a social phenomenon became widespread. This is not in vain. Because many countries in the world have gained their independence, national languages have gained the status of the state language or official language.
After the discussion of the session of the Supreme Soviet of the Republic of Uzbekistan on October 1989, 21, the Uzbek language was declared the state language, and this historic event took place two years before independence. President Islam Karimov has been directly leading the achievement of this great goal and the realization of this historic event.
Article 1992 of the Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan, adopted at the session of the Supreme Council of the Republic of Uzbekistan on December 7, 4, affirmed the status of the Uzbek language as the state language. As the head of state said, "Thus, the Uzbek language has become one of the sacred symbols protected by law, which is one of the flags, emblems, anthems and the Constitution of our independent state."
During the years of independence, the Uzbek language has been widely used in all spheres of our society, the use of computers and the Internet at the international level has also been effective in creative and administrative work. President Islam Karimov said that the Uzbek language has become a broad and active means of communication at the international level, and its use in negotiations and meetings with foreign leaders, high-level official events makes us all proud. In his work "High spirituality is an invincible force".
In this work of President Islam Karimov: “… self-awareness, expression of national consciousness and thinking, spiritual connection between generations are expressed through language. All the virtues are absorbed into the human heart through the tongue, the mother goddess, with the unique charm of the mother tongue. The mother tongue is the soul of the nation. ”
Well-known linguists working in the field of literature and art, not only in our country, but also abroad, noted the richness and features of the Turkic languages, including the fact that Uzbek is the most beautiful and elegant language among the world languages. 'p wrote. At various conferences, they have expressed fair and objective opinions about the richness of our native language.
Mirzo Ulugbek's book “Tarihi arba 'ulus” (History of the Four Nations) states the following: Sultan Muhammad Uzbekkhan, after attaining divine bliss and virtue with his people, said that the unseen of Sayyid Ata with the gesture and grace of Allah brought them all to the land of Movarounnahr. Those who refused to listen to Hazrat Sayyid Ata remained there (in Dashti Kipchak) without this blessing and were given the name "stay", which means "stay". Hazrat Sayyid and Sultan Muhammad Uzbekkhan asked those who came to Movarounnahr, "Who are these people?" they would ask. They were called "Uzbeks" because their leader and king was Uzbekkhan. For this reason, people who came to Movarounnahr from that time on were called "Uzbeks".
At the beginning of the XNUMXth century, with the influx of tribes led by Shaibanikhan into Movarounnahr, the influence of "Uzbeks" in the local population increased, and gradually this name became a common name of the Turkic population. This created ample opportunities for the expansion and growth of the Turkish language.
According to linguists, the Turkic languages were divided into three groups in the XNUMXth century AD, and the Qarluq, Kipchak, and Oghuz groups emerged. The oldest written language among them is the ancient Uzbek language formed on the basis of the Qarluq group. Most literary and scientific works in history have been written in this language. With the work of such masters of words as Lutfi, Sakkoki, Navoi, Babur, this language was further refined and developed.
Well-known Russian historian APGrigoryev wrote: “Although the Kipchak dialect was used as a spoken and written language in the Golden Horde at that time (XIII-XIV centuries), in official correspondence and literary texts the Chigatay dialect, or The old Uzbek language was used.
In short, the official and literary language of the Golden Horde was the Chigatay dialect of Turkish, that is, the Uzbek classical literary language. Through the centuries-old efforts of our ancestors and descendants, the native language - Uzbek - has been effectively created, valued, developed literary language, widely observed and interacted with other peoples, nations and ethnic groups. , which have increased the impact and prestige of language culture.
Our enlightened and brilliant writer Abdullah Avloni said: “The mirror life that shows the existence of every nation in the world is its language and literature. To lose the national language is to lose the spirit of the nation. ”
Abdullah Avloni's opposition to any attempt to distort the mother tongue and literature, to confuse it with other languages, to change its content, and, ultimately, to make one language superior to another, to distort the psyche of the language, is evident in the following purmona words. is proved. “Adding flaxseed oil, mixing it like a muskrat, spoils the spirit of the tongue. The sacred language, literature, which was cultivated and created by our ancestors, is not inferior to us. The pleasure of the world is to talk to loyal friends. ”
These facts testify to the fact that the Uzbek language, created by our ancestors and generations, has developed over the centuries, spread among the Turkic-speaking nations and peoples, became more polished, became a highly cultural language and is important for its history.
Indeed, on the eve of independence there was a very heated, sometimes sharp, uncompromising debate on the issue of giving the Uzbek language the status of the state language, as expressed in the work of President Islam Karimov "High spirituality is an invincible force." .
“At that time, some political groups promoted completely contradictory and contradictory views that did not correspond to the conditions of Uzbekistan, and at the same time tried to gain prestige and follow people. After all, through language issues, national feelings can be manipulated and used for ulterior motives, - writes the President. "In such a dangerous and difficult situation, when we gave in to passion, when we lost consciousness, there was no doubt that a spark would ignite."
The enlightened and wise linguists of our country have proved in their lives the rich ideas of the Uzbek language. Therefore, the fact that the Uzbek language has been given the status of the state language in our main encyclopedia gives national pride and pride to each of us as citizens of this country.
"Uzbek is the mother tongue - the most beautiful, resonant and rich language in the world." "Perception of language is the ore of language, to express it is a word that resonates with language." - we can accurately assess our native language and language culture. It is no coincidence that the Russian linguist, Professor AM Kozlyanina, recognized and praised the "Uzbek language as elegant and resonant as music."
The book encourages in-depth study of the role of language in society, the factors necessary for the development, use and development of linguistics, as well as the ethnolinguistic and psycholinguistic aspects of language related to human spirituality, culture, customs and mentality. there are invitations. In his work, the head of state writes: “As heirs of the priceless wealth passed down from ancestors to generations, we must constantly work to preserve, enrich and further enhance the prestige of our native language. In particular, in such important areas as fundamental sciences, modern communication and information technologies, banking and financial system, to expand the use of our native language, to publish etymological and comparative dictionaries, to develop the necessary terms and phrases, concepts and categories. In other words, the comprehensive development of the Uzbek language on a scientific basis will undoubtedly serve such noble purposes as the understanding of national identity, the sense of homeland.
The President noted that the Uzbek language has been developed on the basis of the Arabic script for centuries, and in 1929, with the efforts of our enlightened intellectuals, the Uzbek alphabet based on the Latin script was developed and used for ten years, but the former Soviet policy they lament that this positive experience has not come to an end.
Thanks to independence, on September 1993, 2, the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On the introduction of the Uzbek alphabet based on the Latin script" was adopted. This legal event has created favorable conditions for raising the prestige and prestige of the Uzbek language in the international arena, ensuring the connection of our country to the world communication system, thorough mastery of foreign languages and information technologies. At present, the Uzbek alphabet based on the Latin script is used in schools, lyceums and colleges, higher and secondary special education institutions, ie at all stages of education. Textbooks, manuals, newspapers and magazines, advertisements and announcements are now published in this article. At the same time, taking into account the multi-ethnic nature of the population of our country, it has been possible to use the Cyrillic script in the languages of some national groups, and this is now being done freely.
Regarding the importance and development of language, the President writes: “At the same time, we still have a lot to do to improve the language culture. In particular, the fact that sometimes in formal dialogues there are cases of non-compliance with the rules of literary language, adding only elements of dialect used within a certain area, shows that these issues are still relevant.
Indeed, the need for theoretical and practical research on language culture, the relationship of literary language and dialects, literary pronunciation and stylistic criteria, the creation of a dictionary of Uzbek literary pronunciation was emphasized. Carrying out in-depth scientific works, research on the language of prose and poetry, compiling dictionaries of various volumes of annotations, synonyms, antonyms, paronyms, homonyms and spelling, as well as manuals on the procedure of compiling various texts in the Uzbek language is important in improving the language culture. is important.
There are a number of scientific researches and studies of linguists on the richness and features of Turkic languages. After all, we have a unique, very simple pronunciation structure (6 vowels, 23 consonants), the words are ambiguous, and, as the head of state wrote, some of them are "difficult to translate into other languages." language is gifted.
Indeed, the words "kindness", "love", "compassion", "dignity" in the book "High spirituality is an invincible force" have a deep meaning in other works of the head of state. , is broad and ambiguous.
As it is clearly explained in this book of our President, if we take the concept of "kindness", which has become our noble tradition, we can see that it has very deep, historical, national, religious roots. These concepts are "a practical expression of the great values that have emerged over the centuries as the worldview of our people, the foundation of spiritual life, deeply rooted in our consciousness."
Everyone who reads this work of our esteemed President will be able to grasp the essence of the advanced ideas expressed in it on the state language and its various aspects, and will be convinced of its validity. Attention is drawn to the need to restore the historical names of various places and streets in our country by the will of our people. The head of our state writes: “Hundreds of great people who grew up in our country have shown examples of selflessness in demonstrating to the world the Uzbek name, Uzbek science and culture, in short, the high potential of our people, their ability to do great things. showing. There are many such people now and their ranks will continue to grow. ” In fact, various encyclopedias, dictionaries, historical works and manuals published not only in our country, but also abroad have deeply expressed positive opinions about our great scientists and scholars.
The above-mentioned work of President Islam Karimov contains important comments and valuable recommendations on the language policy and culture of our country, in general, the historical basis and richness of words and phrases in our language, the need to further develop the Uzbek language as the state language. Ensuring the implementation by the Uzbek Agency for Communication and Information of the laws "On the state language" and "On the introduction of the Uzbek alphabet based on the Latin script", as well as the gradual implementation of measures set out in the State Program A number of important works are being carried out for the purpose of maintenance.
The measures taken in the field of implementation of these laws, the level of work done are regularly studied, the implementation of the above laws in all joint-stock companies, societies, enterprises, organizations and institutions is carried out, all employees are trained in the Uzbek alphabet based on the Latin script. Organize training courses for students to learn and master, free training of employees at the expense of the enterprise, especially for Russian-speaking employees to communicate in their native language and regularly learn and master the state language. a number of positive activities, such as conducting training sessions, creating conditions for them to continue their work in the new conditions, as well as conducting field work, documentation and office correspondence in the state language, holding language festival events on October 21 each year is being implemented.
In order to ensure the implementation of the laws "On the state language" and "On the introduction of the Uzbek alphabet based on the Latin script" and the gradual implementation of the measures set out in the State Program, more than a dozen Uzbek Agency for Communication and Information orders were issued and delivered on time to all joint-stock companies, societies, enterprises, organizations and institutions in the system for execution.
Along with joint-stock companies, societies, enterprises, organizations, institutions and their territorial structures in the field of communications and information, employees of the Public Fund and the Directorate of Museums unitary enterprise until September 2010, 1 thoroughly studied the Uzbek alphabet based on the Latin script. to prepare for the completion of the preparatory work in accordance with the measures set out in the State Program and the Plan of the Agency's Working Commission for 2007-2010. large-scale work is underway.
In particular, the public fund "History and Heritage of Communications and Information" and the unitary enterprise of the Directorate of Museums in its system, as well as a place reflecting the stages of creation, development and progress of the industry - the Museum of the History of Communications. Information, in particular, artifacts placed in the exhibition hall, samples of museum materials, technical means, equipment and devices, telegraph transmission devices, telephones, radios, televisions and other devices developed and used in different periods, o ' measuring devices, samples of mobile phones developed by foreign companies in different periods, Uzbek stamps, postal equipment, items and equipment, cable samples used in the field of telecommunications, brief description of devices, mechanisms, items, items and collections written masterpieces in Latin script It is based on the Uzbek alphabet and English, and focuses on creating conditions for museum visitors to easily read and get acquainted.
The inscriptions on the exhibits, descriptions and concepts of objects and collections installed in the exhibition halls of the Museum of the History of Communication are written in Uzbek and English, all information and data are prepared in the Uzbek alphabet based on the Latin script. the fact that it is installed in conspicuous places certainly enhances the more attractive, elegant and unique look and prestige of this museum.
Equipped with the necessary machinery and equipment, the museum's large and small conference halls host various cultural, spiritual and educational events, meetings, conferences, international conferences in Uzbek - the state language and international - English. Attention will be paid to creating all the necessary technical conditions and facilities for the transfer.
Due to the extension of the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On the introduction of the Uzbek alphabet based on the Latin script" in the social life of the republic until September 2010, 1, the Public Fund and the Directorate of Museums It is our honorable duty to make serious preparations for the transition to the Uzbek alphabet, which is based on the Latin script, ie for the conduct of documentation, office work and office correspondence in the original Uzbek language.
We are convinced that the Uzbek language and culture will develop further in the world civilization, and with its richness, charm and pronunciation will rise to the level of an international language that will captivate the people of the world, and the peoples of the world will love and study this language. , sincerely respect.
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