Education system of the Republic of Korea

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Korea’s modern education system dates back to 1945, when it was officially liberated from Japanese colonization. But more broadly, the Korean education system emerged after the reforms of 1894. In 1881, the Chosun government in Korea formed a special army to strengthen the country's security, and Westerners began to teach martial arts.

This in turn ensured the emergence of foreign language and other subject education. Although classes for the special forces were discontinued in 1882, a number of applied science classes continued. Gradually during this period Gwangxevon, Bejekhakdan, Ixvaxakprivate educational institutions such as the Dan began to emerge and later served as the foundation for universities.

In 1894, private educational institutions were merged and an institute was established to manage the country's education system. At the same time, from 1895, primary schools and pedagogical schools were established to train personnel for the school. In addition, a number of private schools were opened, which in 1900 regulated their activities «Law on Private Schools» accepted. Under a treaty between Korea and Japan in 1910, Korea was officially colonized by Japan. As a result, it has also had a major impact on the country’s education system. The Japanese colonialists took the path of drastically changing the Korean education system and restricting the activities of private schools. During this period, the "1911st Choson Education Order" adopted on August 23, 1, came into force.

According to him, different education policies were pursued for Korean and Japanese citizens. That is, the local people only
He received primary education for 4 years, secondary and higher education was not provided. This was one of the long-thought-out plans of Japanese colonialism. However, as a result of the protests that began in 1919, the Japanese government was forced to give some concessions, and by amending the order, primary education was extended from 4 to 6 years. On February 1922, 4, the "3rd Choson Education Order" was adopted. According to this order, the terms of study were extended. That is, education in ordinary schools was set at 6 years, and in women's schools at 5 years. Gradually, universities also began to emerge. In particular, in 1924, Kyongson State University was opened.

Normal schools and primary schools, high schools and high schools were merged. The science of the Korean language was reduced and the science of imperial people's democracy was introduced. On August 1943, 3, the “4th Chosun Education Order” was signed, and the violence of Japanese colonialism in the field of education intensified. In particular, education in secondary and high schools was reduced to 4 years, and the subject of Korean language was removed from the program. Instead, Japanese language classes were introduced. As a result of the policy of mass illiteracy in Korea, according to the 1944 Korean General Archives Committee, Korea's literacy rate at that time was very low. 13,8%formed. In 1945, with the outbreak of World War II, Japanese colonialism in Korea also came to an end. Now, Korea, of course, had the task of changing the education system, among other things. First of all «Education Development Committee» was established and the committee was tasked with creating textbooks. The study of the education system continued, and ethics, ethics, and technical sciences were introduced. From 1963 onwards, the education system began to focus on the natural and social sciences. In 1981, President Chon Du Hwan legally banned the operation of private education and private educational institutions in the country. But it did create opportunities for independent practice at school. By 1992, however, the government had created a number of incentives for the further development of primary schools.

The role of primary schools in the modern Korean education system is important. In Korea, children over the age of 1 are accepted for primary education until March 6 of the school year. However, 5-year-olds are also eligible to enroll, which requires the permission of the person in charge of the school. The academic year is March 1, a national holiday in the Republic of Korea
Starting March 2nd. Primary education lasting 6 years is compulsory. In primary education, 1 year is divided into two semesters. Post-primary education «stairs» secondary education. Secondary education lasts 3 years in the Republic of Korea. Secondary education is also compulsory and lasts from March 1 of one academic year to March of the following year. Classes are scheduled for 45 minutes and amount to 1222 hours per year. About 10 subjects such as state language, ethics, social sciences, mathematics, physical education, music, art, foreign language are taught in secondary schools. There are also elective subjects for the high school student. These include information, foreign languages ​​(mostly German, French, Spanish, Chinese, Japanese, Russian, Arabic). After graduating from high school, education continues in high schools. Higher schools are divided into several types: public high schools (managed by the Korean Ministry of Education and Technology, Ministry of Culture, Physical Education and Tourism), General high schools (managed by higher organizations in each province), private high schools. Higher schools are also divided into several types according to the subjects taught: general schools, specialized schools (agriculture, industry, maritime, information), special schools (lyceum-type school), technical schools , foreign language school, physical education school, art schools. In the Republic of Korea, there are also higher schools specially organized by the Ministry of Education. These will be mainly specialized in agriculture, fisheries, industry, international languages.

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