Folklore is the oldest form of fiction. Because works of art originally appeared orally, moving from mouth to mouth. Such works are called examples of folklore because they are passed down through the generations due to the memory of the people without any aids and it is not known who created them. "Folklore" is made up of the English words "folk" and "lore" (wisdom) instead of "folklore".
The epic has a special place among the examples of Uzbek folklore. In the late 400th and early 40th centuries, folklorists discovered that about XNUMX epics were sung by Uzbek bakhshis, and when combined with their variants, they recorded about XNUMX works. According to folklorists, the number of epics in the series "Gorogly" alone exceeds a hundred, alone "Alpomish" has more than XNUMX variants.
"Epic" is a Persian word meaning a story, a story, an adventure, a description. The events of the extraordinary heroes are called folk epics, a large-scale epic work of unknown authorship, which is described in a mixture of poetry and prose. There are also works in the epic genre in the written literature. Written epics are poetic, in which the events experienced by a character are described in harmony with the poet’s feelings.
Poems in folk epics are mostly eleven-syllable and are recited at finger weight. The thoughts of the protagonists, the depiction of a relatively calm state of mind, the mutual conversations are represented by an eleven-syllable poem.
If I get angry, I will die,
Who will come to my country without dying?
As a hazon, did the flowers wither in the garden?
Has an enemy come to the river from any country?
In some cases, poetic expressions with 7, 8 syllables are also encountered, depending on the image requirement. Places depicting the intensity of horse racing, scenes of fierce battle, the rapid movements of the characters are given through seven-eight-line poems:
Gathering enemies,
When he reached the sword,
Every tree is full of dead people,
The head is inside the cesarean area.
Prose passages in folk epics are also unique and are often created in the form of rhyming black words, in the way of saj. The presentation of prose passages in this way increases the level of expression and artistic impact of folk epics. For example, "Gorogly was described as great, his blow was passed through a stone, his sword was sharpened, he licked the water of poison so that he would not be able to survive." The words "mature" and "licked" give the prose statement melody, musicality, make it easier to hear and remember.
Singing is believed to be the first type of art invented by mankind.
It is said that the first song on earth was a lament performed by Adam when his son Abel on horseback died. For man is born to hear God, and when he dies he is observed to weep. For this reason, the song is one of the oldest and most widespread genres of folklore. Uzbek folk songs are multifaceted and multifaceted. In particular, our people have created thousands of songs in the areas of labor, ceremonies, seasons, lyrics. Labor songs themselves fall into a number of other types, such as animal husbandry, farming, hunting, and handicrafts.
Lyrical songs are distinguished among folk songs by their antiquity, abundance of numbers and high level of art. Similar songs are often found in the work "Devonu lug'otit turk" created in 1072-1074.
The main feature of lyrical songs is that they are sung and performed, whether without words or with accompaniment. They also express the author's inner experiences, feelings, joys and sorrows.
One of the most popular Uzbek songs, which is still sung in various forms, begins with the line "Let's see if the crows fly." It depicts the state of unrequited love in a very painful way. The crow is the ambassador of winter. For the Turkic peoples, winter means disappointment. It represents such noble concepts as separation, loss, loss. That is why the young man in love remembers the roads of Margilan when he sees a crow flying. At the same time, Margilan reminds him of his "handalak neck." It is so sweet that it is difficult to reach the visol, from which comes the intoxicating sweetness of the handful. As soon as the lover remembers, the lover feels the same sadness as a parrot separated from its mother: “I am a rich man, you are in it, we are in it. We both look forward to it like a parrot's baby. ” As the lyrical protagonist thinks about his situation with his beloved, the expression of a kind mood in the song becomes stronger:
The anticipation is palpable
The body could not stand it.
Yellow as a guide
There was no way to fly.
As the crow's beginning to fly signifies winter, its appearance is a sign that a frost has landed in the visor gardens for the lover, and that the leaves of trust have been struck by the cold. When winter came, the traveler turned yellow and was doomed, and the lover, who had despaired of the vassal, had no hope of life. There are so many tears in the path of the stranger and helpless lover that a river is formed from which the fish can swim. You can ask these fish about the condition of a young man in love. It is known that fish do not speak, do not make a sound. So, the mental state of the young man he loves is very weak and helpless.
Lyrical songs appear mainly as expressions of pain. Because true human pain cannot be expressed in simple words. Man also wants to relieve his pain by saying it in some way. The song "I saw a flower in Holichang" also expresses the feelings of a person who wants to relax. The protagonist of the song is a helpless person in the throes of suffering. In the first stanza of the poem, he expresses his helplessness, but also reflects the fact that he saw a wound he had not seen for a long time "in a dream." In the next verse, he seems to explain his whimsical and incomprehensible state of mind:
Oydinkol took the door,
If I leave the window, it won't sink.
I missed my half,
If I send a letter, it will not be returned.
The songs also reflect the qualities of the people, such as eloquence, eloquence, resourcefulness, irreversibility. In this regard, the song "Kelinoy" is noteworthy. The protagonist of the song is a girl who is unmatched in beauty, agility and intelligence. It is unknown at this time what he will do after leaving the post. So the lyrical protagonist teaches him an action:
The moon is born dry,
The water dries up from the spring.
I know you're in love,
Your handkerchief is far away.
So, folk songs have been connecting hearts for centuries with the subtlety of expression, the strength of the image of the state of mind. Their level of artistic image continues to rise over the years.
