Alisher Navoi (1441-1501), the great thinker, the sultan of the Ghazal dynasty

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If we call him a saint, he is a saint of saints, a thinker is a thinker of thinkers, a poet is a sultan of poets. The poet, who expressed the joys and sorrows of the human heart, kindness and the meaning of life as deeply as Navoi, is rarely found in the history of world literature.
   Of the Republic of Uzbekistan
First President
Islam Karimov
President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev in his speech at the solemn ceremony dedicated to the thirtieth anniversary of the status of the Uzbek language as the state language, said: Over the years, the Uzbek language has become a language of kindness that unites more than a hundred nationalities and ethnic groups in our country. Five centuries ago, Alisher Navoi:
“In Turkish poetry, I suffer,
I want to isolate that country. " In other words, he raised the flag of his mother tongue and was proud that he had united the whole nation under this flag. "
         The great Uzbek poet, thinker, statesman Nizamiddin Mir Alisher was born on February 1441, 9 in Herat. Alisher Navoi's paternal grandfather was a cousin of Amir Temur's son Umar Sheikh, who later served Umar Sheikh and Shah Rukh. His father, Giyosiddin Bahodir, was a relative of Abulqasim Babur; participated in governing the country. Her mother is the daughter of Sheikh Abusaid Chang, one of the nobles of Kabul. Alisher Navoi's childhood coincided with the last years of Shah Rukh's rule. He was brought up with the Temurids, especially the future king Hussein Boykaro. At the age of 4, he went to school, quickly learned to read and memorize poems in Turkish and Persian. In addition to Uzbek, he is fluent in Persian. After the death of King Shah Rukh on March 1447, 12, a rivalry between the contenders for the throne began. The Navoi family moves to Iraq for their own peace. In Taf, Alisher will meet with the author of the famous historical work "Zafarnoma", poet Sharafiddin Ali Yazdi. This encounter leaves a bright mark on the child. Ghiyasiddin Bahodir's family returned to Herat about two years later. Abulqasim Babur appointed Giyosiddin Bahodir as the governor of Sabzavor. Alisher Navoi stayed in Herat and continued his studies. He was very interested in poetry and studied Oriental literature diligently. The family environment had a great interest in literature as a child. His uncles Mirsaid-Kabuli and Muhammad Ali-Gharibi were great poets. In the Alisher Navoi House, poets often gathered, recited poems, and talked about literature and art.
Alisher started writing poetry at the age of 10-12. Historian Khandamir writes that Mawlana Lutfi, who was pleased with the talent of the young Navoi, said:
Orazin is covered, tears are flowing from my eyes every moment,
My neck, the rising star, the rising sun
Listening to his ghazal, he said, "If I could, I would exchange my ten or twelve thousand Persian and Turkish verses for this ghazal." At the age of 15, Alisher Navoi became widely known as a poet. He wrote his poems under the pseudonyms Navoi in Turkish and Foniy in Persian.
Alisher Navoi's father died when he was 13-14 years old. He was brought up by Abulqasim Babur, who respected him for his great artistic talent. In the spring of 1457, Abulqasim Babur also died suddenly. Khorasan was conquered by Sultan Abu Said, the ruler of Movarounnahr, and the capital was moved from Samarkand to Herat. Hussein Bayqara's first opponent on the way to the throne was Abu Said. Alisher Navoi's family was on Hussein's side, which was primarily due to their family ties, which the new ruler was well aware of. During this time, Navoi, who had become a well-known poet in the country, was persecuted by Abu Said and expelled from Herat. In early 1469, Sultan Abu Said was killed by his soldiers in Karabakh. Hussein Boykaro, who had been waiting for such a situation for a long time, immediately came and took the throne of Herat. Alisher Navoi will also come to Herat. At the reception on the occasion of Eid al-Fitr, Hussein will present his new poem "Hilaliya" to Boykaro.
Alisher Navoi shows personal courage in capturing Hussein Boykaro's most dangerous political rival, Yodgor Muhammad Mirza, at night. Dissatisfied with the excess taxes of the new government, he acts with justice and courage in appeasing the rebellious masses. In February 1472, Hussein Boykaro appointed him prime minister of his palace and gave him the title of "Emir of the Tomb." In his new position, Alisher Navoi first of all focused his efforts on establishing peace and tranquility in the country. He began to organize the work of the foundation. In cities, trade attaches great importance to the development of handicrafts. Thanks to the efforts of Alisher Navoi, the culture of farming in the villages is growing. Cities, especially Herat, are becoming more prosperous day by day.
During this period, literary life flourished in Herat. In the late 1470s, Alisher Navoi composed his first collection of poems in Uzbek, Badoye 'ul-bidoya (The Beginning of Art).
It is gratifying to note that Alisher Navoi's rich and diverse work has a significant place not only in Uzbek literature, but also in world literature. Navoi left a deep mark on the literature of the XV century with his lyrical, epic and philosophical works. The works of the great poet spread from China to Asia Minor during his lifetime and are now loved and read by people all over the world.
The epic "Khamsa" is a masterpiece of Navoi's work. The goal of creating five epics "Khamsa" in the Uzbek language was from a young age. He achieved this goal in 1483-85. The work spread the fame of Uzbek literature around the world and became one of the masterpieces of world literature. He is also the author of “Historical Property of Ajam”, “Holoti Sayyid Hasan Ardasher”, “Risolai Problem”, “Majlis un- nafois”, “Munshaot”, “Mezon ul-avzon”, “Haloti Pahlavon Muhammad”, “Nasoim ul-muhabbat”. , "Devoni Foniy", "Lison ut-tayr", "Muhokamat ul-lug'atayn", "Mahbub ul-qulub", "Nazm ul-javohir", "Tarihi anbiyo va hukamo", "Siroj ul-muslimin", There are priceless works like “Arbain”.
If we look at Navoi's work, we can see that he wrote poetry in 16 different genres: ghazal, rubai, tuyuk, fard, qita, muhammas, musaddas, musallam and so on. In such genres, you will not find a single poet like Navoi.
Our great ancestor used not only the Uzbek language, but also other languages ​​in writing poetry. Utkir Hoshimov notes the following:
“Scientists have calculated. Pushkin used 21197 unique words in his works, Shakespeare nearly 20, and Cervantes nearly a thousand. Alisher Navoi used 1 unique words. This is because our great ancestor skillfully used words not only in Turkish, but also in Persian, Arabic, Urdu, Chinese, Mongolian and other languages. ”
Evidence shows that Navoi's vocabulary is enormous. The scale of the word games used by the Lord is also incomparable. Because Navoi considers poetry not just to tell something, but to show a miracle. He writes:
Otherwise, poetry in the status of ejaz,
There would be no verse in the word of God.
     In his works and in his work as a member of the Minister of Khorasan, Navoi considered it a sacred duty to understand, appreciate, protect and encourage people to do good deeds.
In describing man, Navoi does not allow one-sided exaggeration, he also admits that man has weaknesses. But if a person is able to protect and preserve his qualities, he expresses a deep belief that his qualities will prevail in his struggle for life:
There is so much honor in the human race, -
Whoever commits bad morals will be eliminated.
     Navoi has left a great mark in history not only as a poet, translator, linguist, but also as a statesman. That is why many of his rubai and epics were written in response to the question of how to make the people happy. Alisher Navoi understood the world. Therefore, he lived in peace in turbulent times. After all, in the words of Nazim Hikmat, "understanding is a great peace."
More than five centuries have passed since Navoi lived. The land of Movarounnahr was the scene of no invasions, no bloody struggles for the throne. But the value of the poet's work never diminished. Each generation found something for itself in it. Navoi's works have become a source of spiritual strength and prosperity for our people.
The study of Navoi's personality and creativity has been one of the focus of scholars, poets, translators, secretaries, painters and artists since the XNUMXth century.
The scope of the study of Navoi's life and work has expanded in the twentieth century. In 1941, in the besieged and bombed-out city of St. Petersburg, a conference on the poet's work was a shining example of devotion to science. For the next half century, Navoi's works have been repeatedly published in various countries around the world. In a congratulatory message on the occasion of Navoi's jubilee in 1968, the World Peace Council acknowledged that "Alisher Navoi's powerful and vital poetry, one of the best masterpieces of world culture, will remain the wealth of all progressive humanity."
We can say that Navoi's work has found its true value in independent Uzbekistan. At the initiative of the President, 1991 was named the Year of Alisher Navoi. Our country has entered the period of independence in the name of this great man. It has its own symbolic meaning. After all, Navoi dedicated his life and activity to the independence and peace of the country, to the glorification of the Uzbek language.
Today, Alisher Navoi is rightly among the classics of world culture. His works have been translated into hundreds of languages ​​around the world. The people of the world are interested in his legacy, enjoying the noble ideas and philosophical observations sung in his works. Statues of the poet were erected in the courtyard of Soka University in Japan, in Moscow and Baku.
Like all genius artists, Alisher Navoi believed that his name and the works he created would live on. "I have high hopes and dreams that my career will not go downhill and that the triumph of my writings will not be like any other place," wrote the great poet. These prophetic words were answered. Now the poet's words continue their high flight around the world.
The Uzbek people have three happiness. The first happiness is independence, the second happiness is underground and surface wealth, and the third happiness is Navoi.

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