Hamza Hakimzoda Niyazi (1889-1929)

SHARE WITH FRIENDS:

Hamza is one of the cornerstones of 1915th century Uzbek literature. He was one of the greatest representatives of Uzbek culture of the late 1917th and early 1916th centuries, an active enlightened poet, teacher, and public figure. He is an artist who has made great research and discoveries in bringing poetry closer to life and the people, in establishing modern prose in Uzbek literature, especially in the creation of drama, comedy, tragedy, and in the development of theatrical art. Hamza is also well known as a composer, director, journalist, educator and textbook author. Hamza's dramatic works, such as The Collection of National Poems for National Songs (1927–1926), Poisonous Life (XNUMX), A Piece of the Secrets of the Paranji or The Case of the Yallachis (XNUMX), and The Case of Maysara (XNUMX), are new in Uzbek literature. .

Hamza was born in 1889 in Kokand in the family of a doctor. His father was an enlightened, progressive intellectual. Hamza attended an old school, a Russian school, and a madrassa, and studied Persian, Arabic, and Russian. At the same time, he read, studied, and was inspired by the works of famous Oriental poets such as Fuzuli, Navoi, and Hafiz, as well as Furkat and Muqimi. In 1905, he began writing poems under the pseudonym Nihon, and at the age of 25 he wrote Devon. The love of Eastern poetry, along with religious themes, calls for enlightenment play an important role in them. Hamza began his pedagogical career in 1910 in Tashkent, in Kashgar mahalla, in 1911 in Kokand, in 1914 in Margilan and again in Kokand, teaching children. Hamza not only taught in these schools, but also wrote textbooks such as "Light Literature", "Reading Book", "Reading Book" (1914-1915). He opened a Methodist school in one city and persecuted it, and in another city he established another Jadid school, striving to educate more poor children and the poor. Hamza's success in education was due to the fact that he was able to connect Islam with the Sawtiya method - by actively supporting the Qur'an and the Hadith, and encouraging the people to enlightenment and innovation.

From 1913 to 1914, Hamza traveled abroad to Afghanistan, India, Syria, Turkey, and Mecca, where he became acquainted with the changes taking place in their lives. During the years 1915–1917, Hamza wrote a number of works in which he expressed the life of the people, their aspirations, expressed his humanitarian ideas in the language of the people in a simple and fluent manner, enlightened the masses, and condemned heresy. His short story "New Happiness" and collections in the series "Flower" ("Collection of National Poems for National Songs") were written during this period. He also made good use of the theater to promote Enlightenment ideas. In 1915–1916, he wrote a number of dramas and comedies, such as Feruzahonim, Ilm Hidayati, and Loshman Tragedy, some of which he staged in the Amateur Troupe.

Hamza's activities and creativity until 1917 were influenced by the cultural and spiritual life of his time, enlightenment and jadidism, and he was an active participant in the struggle against colonial oppression to spread enlightenment among the people. He followed the Jadids and became one of the leading representatives of Jadidism. When Ismail Gaspirali, the father of the Jadids, died, Hamza lamented, "The time of Dod is over, the world is sinking." Munavvar called Qori "a respected teacher" and "a spiritual father". Hamza wrote in an article: “If we live in this state, after a while a nation will be born among these heresies and the whole of Islam will have no name and no body. It is enough for us to be exposed to heresies, not to ruin the happiness of our future generations, and now to seek treatment from the Buddhists. Qil To eradicate such heresies and pagan customs, I need only two words: In another article, he argues that "modern teaching methods should be sought." Not only did Hamza write textbooks, open a new school, and publish magazines to promote Jadidism, but he also promoted the spirit of Jadidism in his works. It is known that Jadidism was opposed by the Russian colonialists, as well as by the rich and fanatical clergy. That is why Hamza fought against them in his works. In the drama "Poisonous Life", Maryamkhan says, "In the Sharia, oppression is forbidden!", "There is justice in the Sharia," and "Islam does not die." Hamza claims that those who "take bribes and renounce their religion" and deceive the people "have no sense of nationhood."

In an article on the events of February 1917, Hamza said: “This is the day when, through freedom, the old traitor and tyrant, the dictatorial government, untied the heavy chains of life that had been insensibly tied to our necks, arms and legs for 50 years. This truth, by means of reconciliation, on the one hand, oppressed officials, on the other hand, ruthless, ruthless robbers, under the iron claws of the eagles of the oppressed, unjustly poor, orphans, strangers, whose skins were torn off, their hearts were crushed, On this day, Ostroumov, who lived under the tutelage of Ilminsky and served his profession, will sit on the field of truth in the betrayal of the traitors of our religion in the homeland. He humiliates and marginalizes the unjust. ”

In his works, Hamza emphasizes that freedom, happiness can be achieved through unity, study, work and struggle: "Let our heads unite, our youth in the profession", "Unite, Turkestan!", "Hold hands, unite, Turkestan!" "If we die for the truth, we are the victims of the nation," he said. In his poem Uyon Vatan, written in mid-1917, Hamza wrote, “O people of Islam! May our devotion to the nation die on this day! ”,“ Oppression is over! Long live freedom! Let there be control, slavery, complication! ” he shouted. In the poem "Autonomy of Turkestan" he sings: "After four hundred years of Romanov's rule, the state has risen, the scourge of humiliation", "Let the Islamic state gather in one fell swoop."

Hamza's poetry, in particular his Collection of National Poems for National Songs, is a major step forward not only in his work, but in Uzbek poetry in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries in general. In this realistic series, Hamza depicts the real situation of the Turkestan people, in his own words, the "story of Turkestan." He writes the poems in the collection in simple language and in the form of folk songs, in their own way and tone, and at the beginning of each poem he shows a song that is popular among the people and quotes from it. His story "New Happiness" is also an important step in the creation of new works of prose. It is also led by the spirit of enlightenment and the pursuit of a free and happy life. At the end of the work we read: “God is not unjust, he does not give to anyone and does not give to anyone. God, the Blessed and Exalted, has repeatedly stated in His Word that happiness is in knowledge, humiliation is in anger, and that every action is in accordance with one's actions.

Hamza's dramas became a novelty in Uzbek literature. "Poisonous Life or Victims of Love" is a real tragedy. In The Victims of Oppression (the third part of the Loshmon Tragedies, the rest of which have not yet been found), he speaks of oppression and angrily exposes Russian officials, and it is arguable that he was not the author of Uzbek literature exposing Russian tsarism as Hamzad.

The birth and development of the true genre of comedy in Uzbek literature is also associated with the name Hamza. Hamza founded the comedy genre in Uzbek literature with The Case of Maysara (The Case of the Former Judges or Maysara). Hamza's comedies were born, first of all, on the basis of Uzbek folk art - folk puppet theater, Askiya and Nasriddin Efendi anecdotes, as well as folk comedies. That is why the traditions of folk art play an important role in his comedies.

In his time, Hamza worked in the field of school education and formed drama troupes. Because of his eloquence, honesty, and uncompromising attitude, he could not work anywhere. In Bukhara, Tashkent, Fergana, Khojaly, in the village of Avval - moved around the country. He was tragically killed on March 1929, 18 in Shohimardon.

Hamza's enlightenment activities had a significant impact on the general spiritual changes in Turkestan in the early twentieth century, advanced pedagogical and socio-philosophical ideas, and the development of the Jadid movement. Through his work, he played an important role in the development of the Uzbek national literature and the development of its realistic orientation. He worked tirelessly for the welfare and spiritual development of his people and country.

"Stars of Spirituality" (Abdulla Qodiri National Heritage Publishing House, Tashkent, 1999) taken from his book.