Navruz is one of the ancient holidays of the Persian-Tajik and Turkic peoples. This holiday is celebrated on March 21st, which coincides with the time when day and night are equal. According to historical sources and our scholars, the period of formation of Navruz covered the centuries from the earliest times to the emergence of "Zoroastrianism". The word Navruz is derived from the Persian-Tajik language and means "New Day". From time immemorial, Navruz has been a favorite holiday of sincere people. In those days, even wars ceased, and anger was forgiven. The kings rewarded the most deserving of the people and pardoned some of the prisoners. The article "Onakuti's generosity" published in "Saodat" magazine gives a reasonable answer to the question "Where and when did Navruz appear?" It reads: “The land of Khorezm, the birthplace of the great scholars who gave the world its first alphabet and founded the secular sciences, was called Khvayrazam in ancient times, even in the millennia BC.
Archaeological and ethnographic research in recent years has shown that Navruz was first celebrated in Parthia on the same land as Nisa (Parthia, the capital of the city of women) in the works of Greek and European philosophers. Examples of this are the "houses of fire" built in the Eagle Fortress, Jambok Fortress and Nisa Fortress, which have survived to this day. In the center of the Eagle Castle was a mausoleum with a blue dome. On the altar of the mausoleum was an emerald stone in the raised hand of Onaquti. On the first day of the lunar month, on March 22, according to our current calendar, sunlight from a hole in the dome of the mausoleum fell on the Emerald Stone in Onaquti's hand and set fire to the hearth of a cauldron ready to cook sumalak. In Firdavsi's Shahnama, the New Year's holiday is associated with the name of King Jamshid. In particular, Jamshid trains people for the good of the country, smelts iron and makes weapons, spins and weaves clothes, builds buildings, reveals medical secrets, builds ships and builds gardens. Eventually, "the fruit of his labors" will one day build a throne and ascend to heaven. According to this legend, Navruz was celebrated on the same day. Alisher Navoi in his work "Tarihi mulki ajam" ("History of Ajam kings") states that the great Navruz was invented at the end of Jamshid's great discoveries. Navoi writes: “Jamshid built the Chihil Minor, an incredibly tall building that no human has ever seen, and this building was completed, the world gathered greetings and news and celebrated. At that time, the sun was shining on the rabbi of the faith. He sat on the throne in the building, spread the word of justice and sound to the world, and celebrated Navruz. In fact, although it is difficult to say exactly when and how Navruz came into being, it can be said that this holiday was invented by wise people. This is because the birth of Navruz was associated with the profoundly scientifically based laws of the universe and nature, such as the entry of the Sun into the zodiac sign, the equinox, the lengthening of the day, and the beginning of revival in nature. This (in any society) was the basis for celebrating Navruz as a holiday of awakening, regardless of when the beginning of the year came. In addition, the deep roots of Navruz go back to the spring holidays, which took place in the most ancient times - after the transition of primitive people to farming, before the start of the new working season in the fields. Navruz is one of the great values that has come down to us from ancient times, an international holiday. It is steeped in the world of spirituality, from the mythological ideas of our ancient ancestors to the views of our contemporaries, and it always draws strength and energy from the achievements of human cultural development. There are various opinions about the origin of Navruz, the most vital and ancient holiday of the peoples of the East. Well-known scientist Hodi Zarif Navruz was right when he estimated the age of the universe to be at least three thousand years or even older. Narshakhi, a tenth-century Bukhara scholar, wrote of the peasants' songs associated with the name of Siyavush on Navruz, saying, "More than three thousand years have passed since these words were spoken." . Historical information about the emergence of spring and Labor Day has changed over time and has survived to this day. Many of these legends connect Navruz with the legendary Jamshid. In ancient legends about Navruz, the emergence of this national holiday is associated with the traditions of our ancestors associated with the beginning of spring and spring field work. Navruz begins on the night of March 21-22 with the ritual "Full pot". Sumalak and halim were also cooked that night. The pot of these dishes was opened the next day. Navruz is a national holiday that celebrates blessings. The boiling of sumalaks in Navruz is a sign of abundance, fertility of fields, and generosity of orchards. In one of the Kazakh folk songs dedicated to Ulus Day, ie Navruz: On Ulus Day, if the pot is full, there will be plenty of milk all year round, if you receive applause from the elders, you will die that year. It will be! A collection of folk songs, beliefs, children's games, myths and legends, rituals and customs related to the celebration of Navruz, sumalak, daisies, tulips. It will be of great practical importance in preserving the ancient traditions of Navruz. www.aql.uz Retrieved from
