Stomatitis

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Causes of stomatitis in adults

• Infectious agents. Various bacteria and viruses, of course, damage the oral mucosa. However, the conditionally pathogenic flora does not always manifest itself, although it is present in everyone. Active growth and pathogenesis of the pathogen requires a factor that weakens the body's defenses.
• Malnutrition. A rich and complete diet is designed to provide the body with the vitamins and minerals it needs for normal life. Lack of these substances leads to an increased likelihood of stomatitis.
• Damage to the oral cavity. Stomatitis is often caused by a violation of the integrity of the oral mucosa. These include biting the lips of the mouth, injury of the mucous membrane with dry and hard food, burns.
• Failure to follow the rules of hygiene. Consumption of vegetables and fruits without good washing, violation of the hand washing regime leads to stomatitis.
• Dental intervention. Improper installation of dentures, especially if poor quality materials are used or if there are unqualified doctors.
• Improper oral hygiene. Excessive brushing of the teeth and the use of toothpastes containing sodium lauryl sulfate slows salivation and dehydration of the mucous membrane. This effect reduces the resistance of the oral epithelium to external factors and as a result stomatitis develops.
• Taking saliva-reducing medications. Such drugs include, in particular, diuretics.
• Smoking and excessive alcohol consumption.
• Chronic diseases.

Often stomatitis indicates the presence of a number of hidden diseases in the body. For example:

• Oncopathology of the nose, neck, and mouth was identified in some patients with stomatitis using selective diagnostics.
• Exposure to ionizing radiation and chemotherapy can lead to stomatitis.
• Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, infection with intestinal parasites can cause stomatitis.
• Stomatitis in the mouth can occur as a result of prolonged dehydration of the oral mucosa for various reasons.
• People with HIV infection are more likely to grow mouth ulcers.
• Disruption of the hormonal background in women (both pathological and caused by pregnancy or menopause) can lead to stomatitis.
• Aphthous stomatitis is often associated with the presence of diabetes.
• Treatment of bronchial asthma with hormones in aerosol form leads to fungal stomatitis.
• The appearance of sores in the mouth is often accompanied by anemia.

Symptoms of stomatitis in older people

What does stomatitis look like in adults? Usually, the symptoms of stomatitis are similar regardless of the cause of the disease. In rare cases, acute severe intoxication, fever and other serious symptoms were observed in stomatitis. To prevent the development and recurrence of wounds and other diseases, consult a doctor if the following symptoms occur:

• The onset of stomatitis begins with swelling and redness of the affected area along with painful sensations.
• If the stomatitis has developed due to a bacterial infection, a smooth small sore will form the next day at the wound site. There is redness around it, the wound itself is covered with a thin white film.
• If the wound is touched, pain and irritation occur. In some cases, the pain of the injury prevents you from eating and speaking normally.
• The course of stomatitis is accompanied by an increase in salivation and an unpleasant odor in the mouth. In some cases, bleeding gums are observed.
• In severe cases, stomatitis can cause a rise in body temperature to 39 ° C and enlargement of the lymph nodes.
• The most common site of sores in stomatitis is on the inner surface of the lips, cheeks, palate, and tonsils. Stomititis sores rarely occur on the tongue and under the tongue.

How to treat stomatitis in adults

Catarrhal stomatitis caused by non-compliance with the rules of hygiene and inflammation of the mucous membranes without aphthous ulcers can be treated in a very simple home, the treatment lasts a week. To recover more quickly during treatment, try to temporarily refrain from aggressive foods (sour, salty, overly hard, very hot or cold foods), and rinse your mouth frequently with detoxifying agents.

If stomatitis is more severe with signs of infection, you should consult your dentist. Treatment of stomatitis should include measures to prevent the development of chronic disease, reduce pain, restore the mucous membrane, and prevent the spread of secondary disease.

Anti-inflammatory drugs, antiseptics

Treatment of stomatitis should always include antibacterial drugs. These drugs can be used in puffs, ointments, gels, sprays, tablets, rinses and other forms.

• Sprays: Ingalipt, Hexoral, Lugol;
• Kamistad - lidocaine-based gel, - a strong analgesic, and chamomile - a natural effective antiseptic;
• Elyudril is a liquid commonly used for rinsing the mouth and against stomatitis;
• Stomatidine (hexetidine) - creates an antiseptic, disinfects and provides an effective easy anesthetic effect;
• Cameton - prepared on the basis of essential oils, has antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effect and has local analgesic properties. Produced in aerosol and spray form;
• Aktovegin is used in the early stages of stomatitis, helps to heal injured tissues.

Antiviral, antifungal and antihistamine drugs

Any type of stomatitis - fungal, viral or allergic - should be treated with an appropriate drug. Anti-stomatitis medications in adults work well when chosen correctly.

• Solcoseril is a widely used drug in dental practice. Produced in the form of a paste. It helps to improve the cellular nutrition of tissues and speeds up the process of their recovery.
• Carotene is an oily liquid, applied externally. The active substance of the drug is beta-carotene - an antioxidant, similar to retinol, has a protective effect on cells.
• Oblepixa and namatak oils are wonderful natural healing products.
• Vinylin (Shostakovskiy balsam) - antiseptic. It wraps wounds, cleanses them, and speeds recovery.

Allergic stomatitis

Today, almost a third of the world’s population suffers from allergies. However, the manifestation of allergic reactions may be completely different. Some have stomatitis caused by allergies. This can happen as a result of installing a new prosthesis or using an unfamiliar medication. In this case, stomatitis is not referred to as a separate disease. The appearance of sores on the mucous membrane of the mouth is a sign of allergy. Therefore, treatment of such stomatitis mainly involves the detection and removal of the allergen, followed by the use of the antihistamines described above. Medications can be taken in tablet form or they can be applied.

Herpetic stomatitis

Of all the viruses that can cause stomatitis in humans, the possibility of the herpes simplex virus is the most common. In addition, 10 out of 9 adults are carriers of the virus. Many people first come across the herpes virus at a young age. After the first contact, the virus remains in the human body for life. But a healthy immune system prevents it from manifesting, so a person may not even know they are a simple carrier of the herpes virus.

Problems begin at a time when immunity is weakened as a result of various negative consequences. If the oral mucosa is damaged at this time, this set of factors is more likely to lead to stomatitis.

Usually, the development of intoxication syndrome is not observed in herpetic stomatitis in adults. The formation of blisters on the palate, tongue, or inner surfaces of the lips occurs suddenly, immediately forming a large number of blisters located close to each other. Soon they ruptured, creating an area of ​​painful erosion.

Treatment of herpes stomatitis includes the following steps:

• Eliminate pain with local anesthetic.
• Use of anti-inflammatory and wound healing agents.
• Taking antihistamines (compatible medications if needed).
• Taking antiviral drugs. Keep in mind that it is not necessary to take antiviral medications without a doctor’s advice.
• Restoration of the body's immune system - a course of multivitamins, the use of immunomodulators.

Treatment of aphthous stomatitis in adults

The nature of the onset of aphthous stomatitis is not fully understood. Some doctors claim that the cause is staphylococci. The disease has only a viral nature. Presumably, aphthous stomatitis is a form of atypical stomatitis associated with the common herpes virus, which occurs as a result of a strong decline in the body’s defense system. A characteristic feature of this type of disease is the appearance of a mucous layer called aphthae. These are small soft, round wounds with a white or yellowish center and reddish edges. Such stomatitis can last for many years, this type of stomatitis can recur very often, but does not become severe. In some cases, aphthae do not heal for several weeks, so the disease progresses to a wound-necrotic form. The severity of this disease can develop as a result of effects such as immunodeficiency, heavy metal poisoning, leukemia, exposure to ionizing radiation.

Treatment of this type of stomatitis involves the following steps

• Excretion of toxic substances: injection or ingestion of 2-3% 10% aqueous sodium thiosulfate solution.
• Improving the body's stability and flexibility using lysozyme, pyrogenal and other similar drugs.
• Consumption of vitamin supplements is especially important to overcome the deficiency of B vitamins, Fe and Zn ions.
• Treatment with antihistamines and anti-tumor drugs.
• Strict adherence to the diet: avoid large amounts of salt, sugar, acids, spices, solids, alcohol, tobacco products.
• A re-diagnosed patient should be thoroughly examined, as there is a high probability that chronic disease has not been identified.

Candidiasis stomatitis

This type of stomatitis results from a pathological proliferation of Candida-type fungi in the mouth. This type of fungus is detected in all people in the oral cavity, but in some cases can pass into the stage of active reproduction, which leads to the development of pathology.

Candida fungi usually infect people with HIV or tuberculosis bacteria, in patients with diabetes mellitus, or in people with weakened immune systems, against the background of long-term treatment with antibiotics or steroid medications.

A characteristic feature of the mucous layer of the oral cavity is the formation of a white film on the palate, cheeks, under the tongue. Mechanical removal of fungal colonies in the mucous membrane leads to the appearance of painful inflammatory foci. Under the layers of fungal cells, the epithelium swells and reddens. In cases where the disease is highly advanced, the layers of fungal colonies protrude on top of each other, forming areas of erosive tissue beneath them. In addition, a fungal infection in the mouth is accompanied by cracking of the corners of the mouth, decreased salivation, and a feeling of irritability and pain when eating and talking.

Strategies for the treatment of candidal stomatitis include:

• Taking oral medications in the form of tablets and capsules (Diflyukan or Fluconazole, Irunin, Primafungin, Nystatin, Levorin, Candide or Clotrimazole).
• Topical use of ointments and gels against fungal infections (nystatin and levorin oil, miconazole-gel).
• Disinfect the oral cavity and prostheses (if possible). Processing is carried out with sodium bicarbonate solution, 2-4% glycerol borax solution, glycerin iodine solutions (Lugol, Iodinol).
• Because fungi are heterotrophs, the main source of nutrients for them is simple carbohydrates or simply sugars that they consume. For the best effect in the fight against stomatitis, it is recommended to temporarily exclude from the diet products that are high in simple carbohydrates (confectionery, flour products, etc.).

If candidal stomatitis in the mouth is recurrent, it is necessary to consult a gastroenterologist or endocrinologist, because the causes of fungal stomatitis can develop as a result of dysfunction of the body.