Who are the Companions?

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Who are the Companions?

The Companions are the companions of Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) and those with whom he had intercourse. [1] In the terminology of the scholars of the science of hadith, the Companion is "a person who met the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) as a Muslim and died as a Muslim." Although he became an apostate and later repented and became a Muslim, he is considered a Sahabah according to saheeh.

It requires not only sight, but also conversation. It is known that 'Abdullah ibn Umm Maktoum was blind. Nevertheless, he is considered a Companion. Although Ibn Umm Maktoum did not see the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him), he did communicate with him. It is well known that Abdullah ibn Umm Maktoum was the reason for the revelation of the previous verses of Surat al-Abbas.

In order to be a Companion, one must see the Messenger of Allah (saw) during his lifetime. Those who saw him after his death, even before his burial, are not Companions. A man saw the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) as a disbeliever. Even if he becomes a Muslim after his death, he will not be considered a Companion. An example of this is the ambassador of the Greek king Caesar.

Those who saw the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) before his prophethood were compared to those who were born after his death. In order to become a Companion, one must see the Prophet, not Muhammad.

"Sight" refers to the age at which black and white can be distinguished. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) did not see the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) until he recognized the minds of the children who prayed for him. So they are not considered Companions.

It is better for a Companion to talk to the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) than to see him. The hadith scholars have taken a broader view of this and consider anyone who sees the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) as a Companion.

A person's identity is determined in the following ways:

1. With a consensual message. It is known from many books of hadith and biography that Abu Bakr, 'Umar,' Uthman, 'Ali and other famous Companions were Companions.

2. By being mentioned in a hadith by asking an event or a question. For example, Ukkasha ibn Mihsan and Zimam ibn Salabah are mentioned in the narrations.

3. When some of the Companions testify that they are Companions. For example, Abu Musa al-Ash'ari reported that Humama ibn Abu Humama Dawsi heard a hadith from the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him).

4. When a Companion announces that he is a Companion. For example, if a person says, "I accompanied the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him)," "I heard the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) say that," he is a Companion.

The majority of the Companions were Muhajireen and Ansar. They were elected to the positions of deputy, governor, and general. Because they were trustworthy and religiously exemplary.

The place of the Companions in Islam is incomparable. They saw the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) and were his interlocutors, and they acted as a bridge for the transmission of Islamic law to future generations. They carefully studied the teachings of the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him), the Qur'aan and the hadeeth, and passed them on to the followers who came after them. Their personal examples and opinions are also important in Islamic law.

There is a general rule in the science of Mustalah al-Hadith that all the Companions are just. The Islamic Ummah agreed on this. Whether the Companions are involved in sedition or not, they are just. They refrained from deliberately lying and fabricating hadiths. It was the Companions who avoided the shortcomings that would make the hadith unacceptable. For this reason, when it comes to the Companions, it does not mean that he is an authentic or a weak narrator. A Companion, then, is a trustworthy narrator. Even if the name of the Companion is mentioned in the hadith without mentioning the name of the Companion, the omission of his name does not weaken the hadith.

There is no doubt that the Companions who did not take part in the conspiracies, such as between Ali and Abu Sufyan, were the most just. But there are different opinions about those involved in the conspiracy. Some say, "They are just as long as they are involved in sedition." In fact, one should suspect the Companions well. For their justice is clear, and their involvement in fiqh is doubtful.

Prepared by Ziyovuddin Rahim

[1] According to hadith scholars and most of the fuqaha ', such as Imam Bukhari, even if he saw the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) once, he was still a Companion, even if he did not sit with him. For example, Ahmad ibn Hanbal said, "Whoever talks to the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) for a year, a month, a day, or even a moment, or sees him, is a Companion." According to most of the scholars of Usul al-Fiqh, in order to become a Companion, he must have sat with the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) and talked to him.

[2] Ibn Khatal, Rabi'a ibn Umayya, and Miqyas ibn Sumama, who had previously become Muslims, saw the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him). Then they became apostates and died in disbelief.

[3] Qurra ibn Hubayra and Ash'as ibn Qays saw the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) as a Muslim, then he renounced the religion and repented and returned to Islam after the death of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him). There is disagreement about whether they are considered Companions. However, if the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him), like 'Abdullah ibn Abu Sarh, returned to Islam during his lifetime, he would no doubt be considered a Companion.

[4] Al-'Amadi and Ibn Hajib said, "All the Companions are absolutely just." The scholars of Ahl as-Sunnah wa'l-Jama'ah also said that the Companions were just.

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