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Jeyms Joys jahon adiblari haqida

DO`STLARGA ULASHING:

“Yozuvchi bo‘lishdan avval o‘quvchi bo‘lish kerak”. Bu – aksioma. Zero, Abdulla Qodiriy ta’kidlaganidek, “Yozuvchi birovni takrorlab qo‘ymaslik uchun ham o‘qishi kerak”. Agar tarixga nazar tashlansa, ko‘plab buyuk adiblar mutolaa orqali mahoratini oshirganini ko‘rish mumkin. Jumladan, Jeyms Joys ham.
Gabriele D’Annuntsio. Frantsuz adibi Floberdan keyin Tolstoy, Yakobson va D’Annuntsio yaxshi romanlar yozdi.
Gans-Kristian Andersen – Daniyadagi eng yaxshi yozuvchi. Dunyoda undan yaxshi yozadigani yo‘q. Hech kim Andersenchalik tarixni bolalarga yaxshi hikoya qilib berolmaydi. U – jahonda noyobdir. 
Stendal asarlari Napoleon urushlari, ya’ni frantsuzlar dunyoga hukmron bo‘lgan davrlar haqida. Uning pozitsiyasi shunday. Bundan tashqari, uning kitoblari romantizmdan iborat, biroq ularda muallifning his-tuyg‘usi juda kam. U hech qachon sentimentalizm ruhida shakllanmadi. 
Uilyam Vordsvort barcha ingliz shoirlaridan ko‘ra buyukroq, ham daholikka loyiq. Uning oqpadar o‘g‘il haqidagi kitobi – “Ekskursiya”ni o‘qing. 
Daniel Defo asarlari menga juda yoqadi. Kutubxonasida hamma yozuvchilarning saylanma asarlari bo‘lib, u barchasini oxirigacha o‘qib chiqqan. Jumladan, Flober, Ben Jonson va Ibsenni. U “Robinzon Kruzo” asarini inglizlarning “Uliss”i deb aytgan edi. 
Jon Donn ijodi Shekspir asarlari singari jozibador va o‘qishli. Agar boshqa asarlar bilan solishtirilsa, aminmanki, frantsuz shoirlari kitoblarining siyqasi chiqqani oydinlashadi. Jon Donn klassitsizm oqimi ortidan ergashmagan daho. U va Choser “mo‘min-qobil” odamlarga qo‘shilmagan, hayotni sevguvchi adiblar edi. 
Aristotel mening nazdimda, hamma zamonlarning eng buyuk mutafakkiri. Uning asarlarida hamma narsaga aniq va oddiy ta’rif beriladi. Keyinchalik esa uning fikrlari asosida tom-tom kitoblar yozildi. 
Ernest Heminguey hayot va adabiyot orasidagi tafovutni kamaytirdi. Aslida, bu ishni barcha yozuvchilar qilishi kerak. Ernest Heminguey hamma narsani boricha yozdi. Shuning uchun ham biz uni sevamiz. U biz yozuvchilarni yozgan va hali yozishga ulgurmagan hayotga olib kirdi.
Onore de Balzakning dong‘i va mahorati o‘quvchini ushlab turadi, deb o‘ylayman.
Dante. Italyan adabiyoti Dantedan boshlanib, Danteda tugaydi. Shuning o‘zi kifoya. Danteda hamma narsa tiklanish ruhida. Men Danteni Bibliyani sevganchalik sevaman. U ruhimni oziqlantiradi. Qolgan hammasi dahmaza.
Gi de Mopassan… Qiziqarli va jonli… ammo uning asarlarini buyuk ishlar deb aytmagan bo‘lardim.
Yogann-Volfgang Hyote. Keksa Faustning yoshartirilishi menga yoqmaydi.
Mixail Lermontov. “Zamonamiz qahramoni” asari jahonda mening kitobimga o‘xshagan yagona asar. “Zamonamiz qahramoni”ning shafqatsiz taqdiri menga kitobimni eslatib turadi.
Aleksandr Pushkin. Men bir narsani tushunolmayman: Pushkinning askarlar, yovuz odamlar, tanti qahramonlar haqidagi asarlaridan qanday zavqlanish mumkin? Pushkin bolalarcha yashadi va yozdi, shu tariqa o‘ldi ham.
Lev Tolstoy. Hamma davrlarda ham adabiyotga yangilik olib kirganlar eng yaxshi yozuvchi deb tan olingan. Lev Tolstoy buyuk adib. Uning asarlari hech qachon o‘lmaydi. Chunki uning yelkasida doim boshi bo‘lgan.
Jek Londonga qarshi biror gap aytolmayman. Chunki biz bir-birimizdan tubdan farq qilamiz.
Homer barcha aspektlar va spetsifikalarni “Odisseya”da ifodalab bergan, shu jumladan, mayda detallarni ham. U oddiy so‘zlardan favqulodda ma’nolar chiqara oladi. Homerning asarlari shu darajada ajoyib yozilganki, ulardan bir nechta yozuvchilarni topish uchun odam juda aqlli bo‘lishi shart emas. Bular ertaklardek ajoyib va butun yer yuzini birdek bog‘lab turadigan asarlardir. Ularni qayta yozishning iloji yo‘q. Hammasidan ko‘ra eng ajoyibi va keng qamrovlisi “Odisseya”dir. U “Hamlet”, “Don Kixot”, “Ilohiy komediya”, “Faust”dan ham buyukroq va ijtimoiyroq.
Anton Chexov adabiyotga yangilik olib kirdi. Sirtdan qaraganda, u birinchi dramaturg. Chexov kichkinagina detallardan ham tragediya, komediya, xarakter va his-to‘yg‘u yarata oladi. Shuningdek, uning asarlarini o‘qiganda pesalar xuddi ko‘z ochib yumguncha tugab qolgandek taassurot uyg‘otadi. Chexov asarlarida qahramonlar doim ko‘zbo‘yamachiliklardan o‘zini tiyadi va parda tushiriladi. Ammo, bilingki, ular his-tuyg‘uni unutib, yangi ko‘zbo‘yamachiliklarni yaratishadi.
Marsel Prust – analitik natyurmortchi. U faqat gertsoginyalar haqida yozadi. Meni esa ularning xizmatkorlari ko‘proq qiziqtirgan.
Franchesko Petrarka meni maftun etolmagan, chunki unda intellekt yetishmaydi. U go‘zallik shaydosi, xolos.
Fyodor Dostoyevskiy. O‘ylab topilgan qotillikni bo‘yniga oladigan Fyodor Dostoyevskiy qahramonlaridan ko‘ra Russoning qanday qilib kumush qoshiqchalarni o‘g‘irlagani to‘g‘risidagi iqrornomasini eshitish qiziqroq.
Prosper Merime asarlari qiziqarli, biroq bu durust yozuvchi degani emas.
Kardinal Nyumenning nasri yuqori baholangan. Lekin Kardinal Nyumen asarlarini o‘qigan odam ishonib bo‘lmaydigan narsalarga duch kelaverib charchaydi.
Ivan Turgenev asarlarida psixologik analizning ilk ko‘rinishi namoyon bo‘lsa-da, eskicha yo‘sinda yozilgani bois g‘ijirlagan eshikdek odamning joniga tegadi. Men uning yaxshi odamligini yoqtiraman. Kuchsiz sevgidan ko‘ra sevmagan durust deganlariday. Shuning uchun Ivan Turgenevni buyuk yozuvchi deb tan ololmayman.
Henrik Ibsen. Norvegiyalik buyuk adib Henrik Ibsenning asarlarini o‘qib ta’sirlangan kamina Joys ruhoniylikni tashlab, adabiyotga o‘zini urdi. Va shuningdek, barcha havaskor yozuvchilardek kumiriga maktub ham yozdi:
“Universitetda tahsil olgan yillarimda doim Sizning nomingizni Irlandiyada hammaga tanitish uchun ko‘klarga ko‘tarardim. Har doim Sizning drama tarixidagi haqiqiy o‘rningizni odamlarga ko‘rsatish uchun jon-jahdim bilan kurashdim. Siz hech qachon iste’dodingizni pesh qilib xalq oldida obro‘ngizni oshirishga urinmagansiz, nazarimda, inson qadr-qimmati ham shunda. Qolaversa, sizning satirangiz, dramatik mahoratingiz va pesalaringizdagi jozib ohangdorlik har qancha maqtovga loyiq. Sizning sarkash jasoratingiz esa hayot sirlarini bilishga undaydi”. 
Azim Ro‘ziyev tayyorladi.
«Yoshlik» jurnali, 2016 yil, 3-son
ziyouz.uz

У этой записи 118 комментариев

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