All socio-economic, socio-political and ecological processes in the world are closely related. There is no economy without ecology and no ecology without economy. Various connections between the components of the biosphere, interrelationships between the elements of biogeocenosis, the development of nature and self-improvement are reflected in the 4 laws of ecology. The laws of ecology were introduced to science for the first time in 1974 by the American scientist Barry Commoner.
Law 1. All substances and phenomena in nature are interrelated. This law reflects the various forms of relationships between all living organisms in the biosphere and the natural environment that surrounds them. Each change in the physico-chemical state of the natural environment is given to biogeocenoses through communication, which has a great impact on their development.
Law 2. All things must be hidden somewhere. Everything does not disappear without a trace, but can move from one place to another, from one molecular state to another. Such changes affect the living process of living organisms. For example, when more precipitation occurs, the natural climate can change and greatly affect plant development. Or, new substances and compounds are obtained from minerals, oil and gas extracted from the ground. But the waste released during the technological processes has spread to nature.
Law 3. Nothing is given for free. In other words, you have to pay for everything, including the use of nature. In the global ecological system, that is, the biosphere, any gains are necessarily accompanied by losses. This damage occurs elsewhere. The place of everything taken from nature must be filled. For example, wheat, barley, greens and other products take phosphorus, potassium and similar elements from the earth. If we don't give these necessary elements to the earth as mineral fertilizers, the productivity will decrease in the future.
Law 4. Nature "knows" well. This law is based on the origin and development of life on Earth. For example, the Aral Sea has existed for thousands of years, but man destroyed it in half a century. In nature, every organic substance has a decomposing enzyme. It is extremely difficult to synthesize any organic substance in nature, if there is no means of breaking it down. Currently, man has created such chemical compounds that do not break down in the natural environment (for example, plastic and rubber products), they accumulate and pollute the natural environment. So, this law warns us to take reasonable steps to change natural systems (building dams, changing river flow, etc.).
