Humans alone have caused changes in biological systems that have evolved over millions of years. Now his life and death depend on establishing a stasis relationship between the nature he occupies and the society he creates. Otherwise, the civilization created by man will perish as a result of his negative activities. For many years, the use of toxic drugs, herbicides and pesticides in agriculture has led to human poisoning and the emergence of various diseases. As a result of the explosion of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, the entire nature was poisoned with reactive substances in a large area, and as a result of the reactive substances being dumped on the island of Novaya Zemlya and the White Sea, the water was poisoned and millions of starfish were killed.
Disasters caused by human activity in different places of the earth pose a danger to him and his future generations. A young child receives toxic substances while still in the mother's womb. Later, these substances accumulate in the child's body throughout his life. Because in the environment where people lived, harmful substances, gases, dust of heavy metals have accumulated enough.
2.2. Human demography and its change
During the Stone Age, the severity of climatic factors, lack of food, danger of predators, various diseases, and epidemics caused the shortening of human life. At this time, Neanderthal man is 30 years after the Ice Age and in the Mesolithic Homo sapiens lived a little longer. The number of people in the places where they lived was small, and the harsh environmental conditions caused the death of children.
According to the information of anthropologists, at the beginning of the Paleolithic period, 1 mln. years ago, people lived only in Africa, and their total number was around 125. During the Mesolithic period, the number of people was 1 million. enough. They lived in Eurasia. At the end of the Paleolithic period, about 25000 years ago, Neanderthals and Cromanons lived at the same time, their number was 3 million. was more than
In the Neolithic period, the first demographic growth was observed, people learned to live in a sedentary lifestyle, built houses, tamed animals, cultivated plants, and improved their living conditions.
The number of people in the world was initially 5 million. was around 500 million in the 1850th century. rises to 1 billion in 250. It took humanity 1930 years of development to reach The world population was 2 billion in 1960, 3 billion in 1986, 5 billion in 6,2, and 6,3-1930 billion today. constitutes From 100 to this day, Europeans 1 mln. and Asians increased by 2012 billion. According to estimates, in 7 there will be 2050 billion on earth, and in 13, XNUMX billion. people live. As the number of people on the earth increases, their negative impact on the natural environment and environmental pollution increases, natural resources are wasted, and various risks affecting human health arise.
2.3. Human food sources
Mankind came into existence because he, like other living organisms in the biosphere, needed food. If in the past millennia, man earned food for himself through hard work, then in the history of his further development, natural disasters such as severe winter, floods, fire, drought brought him hunger and death. will come. 100 million died from hunger in the last century. Chinese and 50 mln. Indians are dead. 1992 million in the African country of Somalia in 1993-2. more people suffered from hunger. 1980 billion in 70 developed countries of the world in 1,4. the population was starving. Of this, 420 mln. in famine, 850 mln. did not eat enough, besides 780 mln. will be very poor and will not be able to get food, shelter, clothes.
Currently, 2/3 of the world's population does not eat quality food, in addition, 50 percent of the population is malnourished, 25 percent of the population is constantly hungry, and 10-30 million people die every year. the population will starve. The important question of whether this problem can be solved is on the agenda today.
According to the information of the international joint coordination group under the UN, 31,5 bln. population can be fed. According to the information of the Russian economist K. Malinin, 50 bln. population can be fed. If sea products and single-celled algae are multiplied and their products are widely used, the planet's 290 billion the inhabitants can be supplied with food. In the future, fast-digesting and protein products obtained from fish, seaweed will form the main part of the feed. In addition, various microorganisms also produce high-quality protein substances. That is why they occupy a certain place as a source of food. If a cow weighing 200 kg gives a total of 250 g of oxygen, 250 g of yeast will produce 650 kg of protein. Proteins obtained from leguminous plants will play a key role in providing the population with protein in the future. In agriculture, the use of various chemicals, including nitrogen fertilizers, has been used to increase production.
Using new technologies, protein substances can be obtained and they can form the basis of human nutrition. Application of new agrotechnical methods in agriculture, creation of productive disease-resistant plant varieties, filling farms with productive animal breeds, artificial breeding of fish and other beneficial aquatic animals in water bodies and sea bays extensive use of algae in marine and freshwater basins is the main way to increase the nutrient supply. 10 years ago, wheat - 443 mln. t., rice - 397,5 mln. t., corn -394,2 mln. t., potatoes - 227,3 mln. t., from meat products: beef -46,6 mln. t., pork -55,3 mln. t., sheep meat 7 mln. t.. prepared.
A person eats food equal to his weight every month. According to estimates, a person needs 630-750 g per day. (2410 kcal), and 200-274 kg of wheat is needed in one year. For the cultivation of these products, the farmer spends 5 tons per hectare of land. he should feed 17 people a year by harvesting crops. Currently, if the right areas of the land are used well, using the technology in place, 10 bln. population can be provided with food.
The land used on the globe is 13,5 billion. per hectare. Of this, 1,4 billion ha of cultivated land (fields, gardens), 1,1 bln. ha of land became unsuitable for growing plants, 4,4 bln. 3,3 billion hectares of desert, semi-desert, high-peat deserts in the Arctic, Antarctica, 1 billion hectares of useful land as a result of negative human activities. hectares added to deserts. 2,6 billion in the world. There are meadows. 390 mln. Hectares are damaged, salted and useless. 50 percent of the useful cultivated land has lost its productivity layer, 600-700 million worth of land has been eroded and its productivity has become low. Unexploited 0,4-0,9 bln. there is only land left. Ignorance of the law of nature, blind and careless use of land causes the failure of useful lands.
Sea and ocean products are also the basis of human nutrition. If in 1960-1970, 40,2 mln. from 70,5 mln. if the product was collected until In the following years, the production decreased, and in 5,8-10 years, fishing in the Atlantic Ocean alone will be 15 million. t. decreased to
More than 60 species of insects have become resistant to more than 400 chemical compounds used in agriculture to increase productivity. Even the strongest poisons did not affect them. As a result, the number of pests in the fields is increasing and the yield is decreasing.
2.4. Human influence on the ecological state of the biosphere.
Man has been affecting the environment with his activities since ancient times. He caused the extinction of species by hunting, set fires, burned forests, cut forests for agriculture, destroyed grasslands, lost the stability of nature, the stability of living creatures, species reduced the number.
If in the last century one species was lost from nature per year, in the next 50-60 years more than 76 species have disappeared, and about 600 species are on the verge of extinction. The main reason for this is the destruction of the habitat of the species, reduction, hunting, poisoning, etc.
Ecosystems of desert and steppe zones were not left out of human activity. For example, as a result of the discovery of plants in the exploration work carried out in Kyzylkum, the salt sands rising from the dry part of the island are harmful to the environment and 1,5-2 mln. causing salinization of more than one hectare of meadows.
Mountain and mountain slopes are the cause of brutal cutting of forests, climate change, thinning of vegetation, and the departure of animals and birds that have adapted to them. The main task of a person is to preserve nature for future generations, not to destroy, not to pollute, not to poison natural systems, to have a conscious relationship with nature and to take into account its laws.
