Hyperemesis gravidarum

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Hyperemesis gravidarum
One of the most common symptoms of pregnancy is nausea, and in most women it subsides after the first trimester. However, some women experience severe nausea and vomiting - this is called hyperemesis gravidarum by your doctor. This can easily lead to dehydration, weight loss (5% or more), as well as nutritional deficiencies.

Hyperemesis can begin as early as 4-6 weeks of gestation, but it most often occurs between 8-12 weeks. For some women, hyperemesis lasts until the baby is born. But for most mothers, there is a significant improvement at 20 weeks.

Women who experience hyperemesis are thought to be less likely to fall. An increase in pregnancy hormones, which causes nausea, is probably an indication that their pregnancy is more stable. The true cause of hyperemesis is still not clearly understood, but fluctuating hormone levels undoubtedly play a role.

The only 100% guarantee is the almost complete elimination of nausea and vomiting after childbirth.

Many mothers who experience hyperemes are concerned that their baby may not be getting the nutrients it needs to grow and develop. But in most cases, the baby works well. Nature has created them so skillfully that they get what they need in the first place, so it’s something that most mothers miss. In cases where the mother is unable to hold any fluids or food, hospitalization will be necessary.

Risk factors for hyperemesis

  • Multiple pregnancies where the mother carries two or more children
  • Pregnancy diabetes
  • Hyperthyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland is weak and does not work when needed
  • In mothers with gravidarum hyperemia during previous pregnancies
Signs and symptoms of hyperemesis Gravidarum
  • Strong, persistent vomiting
  • Dehydration and decreased urine output
  • Inability to focus on anything other than drowsiness, lack of energy, fatigue and nausea
  • Headaches, confusion and fainting or dizziness
What does that mean?
Some researchers believe that morning sickness is a means of self-protection that prevents the mother and fetus from contracting foodborne illness. Simple hatred is raw meat, raw or uncooked fruits or vegetables, or foods that have a strong odor. All is well, but in hyperemesis the body seems to have overreacted to this little message. Complex vomiting, dehydration, and feeling unhappy are common symptoms.
Treatment of hyperemesis Gravidarum
  • Periodic hospitalization and rehydration with intravenous fluids are necessary. This is usually done with water, salts or electrolytes and a glucose solution. Correction of electrolyte balance is the goal of treatment.
  • Supplements may be needed for women with low potassium levels, and they are given intravenously as liquid drip supplements.
  • Some women require feeding through a nasogastric tube. It is a thin, silicone tube that is lowered into the back of the throat and stomach through one of their nasal passages. Energy-dense, easily digestible, highly fortified solutions are gradually “dripped” directly into the stomach.
  • Vitamin B6 ‘Pyridoxine’ can be prescribed and is an effective in relieving nausea. Folic acid and other vitamin, iron, and mineral supplements are necessary if these nutrients are not absorbed due to constant vomiting.
  • Antacids are also an option, reducing the formation of acid in the stomach. Sometimes medications that speed up gastric emptying are also prescribed.
  • Usually antiemetic drugs (nausea and vomiting) are prescribed. They can be injected or instilled.
  • Antihistamines are a family of other commonly prescribed medications.
  • Avoid foods that start the vomiting period. Often cold, soft foods are better tolerated than hot foods. Heating food produces more odor, and thus vomiting may be sufficient to initiate vomiting.
  • Consult a dietitian who specializes in obstetric care and treatment. The goal of diet management is to plan to increase weight gain and nutrient intake through foods that are as tasty and non-vomiting as possible.
  • Sometimes it is necessary to change your lifestyle. Changes or modifications may be needed for women who work in the food industry, live or work in areas where food odors are a constant stimulus, or whose lifestyle is based on food in general.
  • Often psychological help is needed. Persistent nausea and vomiting can lead to feelings of depression. Short-term nausea can make any person unhappy, but even if it is constant and not fading, it will tire most people’s optimists. Antidepressants should only be considered if the risk to the mother or her baby that her hyperemesis persists outweighs the possible side effects of taking the medication.
  • For some women, treatment with alternatives such as acupuncture and / or acupressure to traditional Western treatments has been found to be beneficial. From an evidence-based perspective, there is very little science that supports their usefulness.
  • Ginger in any form; tea, soft drinks and beverages, biscuits, sweets, crystallized and can bring relief to some women in baking.
  • Hypnosis, deep muscle relaxation, positive imaging and visualization can be effective. But none of them can help restore water, just overcome nausea and hopefully improve the mother’s ability to store food and fluids.
  • Sometimes it can be swallowed into ice cubes, ice cubes, or ice water. Electrolyte replacement solutions, when prepared according to the manufacturer’s recommendations, are a useful, short-term option for changing the body’s electrolyte balance when vomiting is constant.
  • Consuming small amounts of crackers, dry toast, and very soft-digesting foods can help maintain blood sugar levels and combat nausea.
What is the difference between pregnancy nausea and hyperemesis Gravidarum?
Normal pregnancy
Hyperemes Gravidarum
Nausea, occasional vomiting
Often nausea
Sometimes nausea is accompanied by vomiting, but not always
Nausea with severe vomiting
The feeling of nausea appears and goes away, so there is some respite
The constant nausea that lasts most of the night and day is a slight relief
Retention of food and fluid for a while, i.e., everything that enters the stomach, does not recur with vomiting
Severe vomiting means that no food or fluid is stored; everything is coming back
Occasional vomiting that does not affect the mother's hydration level
Vomiting before fluid compromise; signs of dehydration appear
The importance of hyperemesis gravidarum is that it does not pass during pregnancy simply as “one of these things”. This can lead to serious health problems and, if left untreated, can harm the health of the mother and her baby.
Feeling nauseous is relatively normal in early pregnancy, but it almost always occurs in the second trimester. Hyperemesis is even more so and causes real suffering to pregnant mothers.
huggies.uz

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