Hazrat Osman zinnurayn

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SHAHIDUL MEHRAB
USMAN IBN AFFON Raziyallahu anhu

The purpose of this is that the sons-in-law of the two blessed daughters of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, These are the descriptions of the caliphs, Uthman ibn Affan ibn Abdul As ibn Umayya ibn Abdu Shams ibn Abdumannab.
He is of Quraysh descent and his lineage is connected to the lineage of the Messenger of Allah (saw) through Abdumannab. Uthman (ra) was born on the sixth day of the elephant year, that is, six years after the birth of the Messenger of Allah (saw), according to the most accurate ray. He was born in the blessed city of Taif. Their mother is the daughter of Arwa Qurayz ibn Habib ibn Abdu Shams ibn Abdumannab.
Her grandmother was the daughter of Abdul Mutallib, the uncle of the Prophet, named Bayza. History has given us very little information about the pre-Islamic illnesses of 'Uthman. He was handsome, of medium height, with a beautiful face, and would not give any more details about anything else. “He was a handsome man with dark hair and steamy faces with two spots left by a rash,” the history books write. It is also stated that he was one of the greatest of the Quraysh, and that he was pure in distinguishing between good and evil, and that he was one of the great merchants of the Quraysh. This is exactly what was said about him before he converted to Islam.

USMAN RAZIYALLAHU ANHUNING
INTRODUCTION TO ISLAM AND THEIR LIVES

Immediately after the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was sent to the world, he came to his brothers Abu Bakr Siddiq. Abu Bakr Siddiq immediately confirmed him and became a believer.
Three days after Abu Bakr converted to Islam, a group of people presented Islam to 'Uthman al-Zinnurayn, who was standing among his friends. Uthman (ra) also accepted Abu Bakr's offer and converted. His uncles heard that Osman had accepted the language
Hakim ibn 'As took him and chained him to the house. He looked at him and said,' Have you yet converted to the religion of your forefathers? I swear by Allah, I will never release you unless you return to the religion of your forefathers. he said.
Uthman listened to him and replied, "I swear by Allah that I will never renounce this religion." And do what you can. ” When his uncle saw 'Uthman's steadfastness, he left him alone and released him from the chains.' Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) became the Messenger of Allah. became one of his closest confidantes. The daughters of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, gave him Ruqiya as a wife. Uthman married Ruqiya while he was living in Mecca. Together they migrated to the province of Abyssinia.
In Abyssinia they saw their son named Abdullah. Uthman used to call his sons Abu Abdullah.
When Abdullah was six years old, his face was bitten by a rooster and he died of facial injuries.
While the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was preparing for the Battle of Badr, Ruqiya fell ill. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, left 'Uthman in Madinah to look after Ruqiya's illness. In Badr, Ruqiya dies on the day when the good news of the Muslims' victory over the polytheists arrives in Medina. Ottoman wives grieve deeply after their deaths.
When the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, saw that he was suffering so much, he said, "What is the matter with you? If you do not grieve so much." If the bridegroom's bond between them is broken now. While he was saying this to the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Gabriel came and commanded me to give you my daughter's sister Umm Gulsum." Umm Gulsum was given to 'Uthman as a wedding dowry in return for the previous dowry. 'Uthman (ra) died after living with him for six years. After the death of his daughter, the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "If I had another daughter, I would have given her to 'Uthman as a wife." That is why it was called Zinnurayn. He was married to two pure daughters of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace.

ONE THING ABOUT THE LIFE OF OSMAN

Hadrat 'Uthman was a very strict and shy man. It is narrated on the authority of 'A'isha that Abu Bakr Siddiq came to the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and asked permission to enter. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was lying in his place, wrapped in the robe of 'A'isha.
In this case, they were allowed to enter while lying down. Abu Bakr went in front of them, finished his work and left. After a while, 'Umar (ra) came to them asking permission to enter. In their previous cases, they were allowed to enter while lying down. They went in, talked about their situation, and left after finishing their work. After a while, 'Uthman (ra) came and asked permission to enter. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, immediately got up and sat down. 'A'isha looked at our mother and said, "Put on your robe." Uthman went in front of them and finished his work. When they left, 'A'isha said to the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, "O Messenger of Allah, why did you not treat Abu Bakr and' Umar as you treated 'Uthman?" they asked. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, looked at him and said, 'Uthman is a very shy man. I stood up and sat down because I was afraid that I would not be able to talk about my needs.' Abu Musa al-Ash'ari said, "I was sitting with the Messenger of Allah in the garden of so-and-so. We locked the door and someone came and knocked on the door. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, looked at me and said, "O 'Abdullah ibn Qays, go and open the door. A man from Paradise has come." I got up and opened the door. Abu Bakr came. I conveyed to him the prophecies of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and they went inside and sat down. Then I chained the door again. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, would sit on the ground with a stick in his hand. At that moment there was another knock on the door. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, told me to get up and open the door. When I went and opened the door, 'Umar was standing. I told him the good news, and when they heard it, they praised Allah, went inside, greeted everyone, and sat down in a row. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was sitting on a branch, when someone knocked on the door. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, ordered me to open the door and told me that a man from Paradise had come. When I got up and opened the door, Osman was standing in front of me. When I told him the prophecies of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, he was overjoyed and praised Allah.
The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) prophesied that 'Uthmaan (ra) would enter Paradise, and he narrated hadeeths that showed that he was highly respected in the presence of the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him). 'Uthman was one of their scribes.

USMAN'S EMBASSIES TO MECCA

In the battle of Hudaybiya, the Holy Prophet summoned Hadrat 'Umar ibn al-Khattab. He said, "Go to Makkah and inform the leaders of the Quraysh that I did not come to Makkah to fight them, but to convey the glory of the House and to visit it safely." The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, “O Messenger of Allah, I am afraid to go to the Quraysh, because there is no one in Makkah from the tribe of Bani Addi who can help me. But I advise you to send 'Uthman, who is more honorable than me, to the Quraysh.' Then the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, summoned 'Uthman and sent him to Mecca to inform the Quraysh leaders, "The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, did not come to fight you, but to visit the Ka'bah." 'Uthman left the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and set out for Mecca. At the entrance they met Said. Then they entered Mecca under his protection.
In Makkah, he met Abu Sufyan and the other leaders of the Quraysh and told them, "The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, did not come to fight you this year, but to visit the House." They turned to 'Uthman and said, "If you want to circumambulate the House, then circumambulate it." 'Uthman did not listen to them and replied, "I will never circumambulate until the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, circumambulates it." The enraged Quraysh captured 'Uthman and spread the rumor among the people that' Uthman had been killed. When this bad news reached the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, he said, "I will never leave this place without fighting them." This is where the Bayatirruzvon incident took place. All the Companions came one by one and began to swear allegiance. When it was 'Uthman's turn, the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, placed his right hand on his left and said, "O Allah, this is a pledge of allegiance by' Uthman, who is in need of you and in the need of your Messenger."

REASONS FOR THE CONVERSION OF UTMAN TO ISLAM

'Uthman was a wealthy merchant. It was' Uthman who fully armed the Muslim army in the Tabuk campaign. Ibn Ishaq writes, "Uthman spent so much money on the Tabuk warriors that no one has ever spent as much money as him." 'Uthman brought the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, to his room and gave him 950 camels and 50 horses.
The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, saw this generosity and said, "Uthman was not harmed by this deed." Then they prophesied, "Whoever armed a helpless soldier, he will have Paradise."
Uthman was not satisfied with this either, but also bought a Roman well from a Jew. The Jew used to buy his water. They bought half of the well for 20 coins and a hundred young camels. The Muslims came to them at the appointed time and began to take water from the well. No one took the Jewish water. Seeing this, the Jew sells the other half for very cheap. After buying all of these wells, 'Uthman sent them as a gift to the Muslims in the way of Allah.
During the caliphate of Abu Bakr Siddiq, a year of low rainfall and famine began. Abu Bakr said to the people, "Eat what you have until Allah gives you space." The next day, Abu Bakr was informed that a thousand sacks of wheat and food had arrived in 'Uthman's courtyard. In the morning, the merchants went to Osman's courtyards and knocked on their doors. Uthman opened the door and went out to meet them and asked, "Why have you come?" They said, "You have received a thousand sacks of wheat and food, and we heard that we came to buy it." 'Then please go inside,' said 'Uthman, leading them into the courtyard. The yard is full of wheat. 'Uthman looked at them and said, "How much will you benefit from the price I bought from Damascus?" they asked. They said, "We will give him twelve." When 'Uthman said, "It is not enough," they said, "If not, let us give fifteen." When 'Uthman said, "Add more," they said, "How much more?" We are the merchants of Madinah. they said. "Can you give me ten coins for every penny?" they said. They replied, "No." Ibn 'Abbas narrated that he said, "Then bear witness, O merchants, that this wheat will be given as alms to the poor of Madinah."
Uthman was so generous. He feared Allah the Almighty. He did not have great ranks from the war like Abu Bakr, Umar and other Companions. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, had left 'Uthman in Madinah when he went on the expeditions of Zatir Ruko' and Ghatfan. Among the Quraysh, they were the ones who did good to their relatives. They often fasted during the day and woke up at night to pray. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, narrated 146 hadiths. Since they were not eloquent people, when they were elected to the caliphate, they read sermons and preached, but they were very curious and could hardly speak.

THE CALIPS OF THE OTTOMAN MUSLIMS

The Ottomans were elected to the caliphate on the last day of the month of Dhu'l-Hijjah, 23 AH. In the first month of Muharram, 24 AH, they accepted the state seat. At that time, his age was 70 in the Hijri year.
The election of 'Uthman to the caliphate took place after' Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) had eaten the dagger from the hand of the pagan Abu Lu'lua, the slave of Mughara. When it became clear that 'Umar was dead, the Companions approached him and asked him to appoint a caliph like him. Then 'Umar said, "If I leave it like this, someone better than me, Muhammad, will have left it before me." And if I had appointed him, Abu Bakr, who was better than me, had been appointed before me. I will leave six people as voters, namely Ali, Zubayr, Uthman, Talha, Abdurahman, Sa'd ibn Abu Waqqas. When the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, died, he left with the consent of the six. Abdullah ibn Umar will also be present at the election. But he will not have any votes in the election. Choose one of these six people as your caliph. If there is a difference of opinion or the votes are equal, judge Abdullah. If you do not agree to judge Abdullah, then choose the person on the side who is Abdur-Rahman ibn Awf. Meet for three days for the election. But on the fourth day the elected caliph must be divided. Forgive the sword if any other group opposes the election of a person from the side of Abdur-Rahman ibn Awf as caliph, so that there will be no strife and the conflict will not escalate. He said, "I bequeath to the people that Suhayb should be the imam in prayer for three days."
After the death of 'Umar, all but Talha ibn Ubaydullah, one of the above-mentioned people, gathered in the courtyards of Miswar ibn Mahraj. Talha ibn Ubaydullah was not in Madinah at that time. Soon a dispute arose in the middle. But 'Abdu'r-Rahman ibn' Awf prevented the dispute from escalating. He looked at them and said, "Whoever of you refuses to choose, he is the best of you." No one responded to the offer. Then they said, "I have given up my choice." All but Ali agreed.
Abdur-Rahman said, "O Abu Hasan, what do you mean?" they asked. Ali (ra) turned to 'Abdu'r-Rahman and said, "Promise me that I will choose only the truth, that I will not follow my wishes, and that I will not treat my relatives better than others because they are relatives." Abdurahman looked at them all and said, "Promise me to be with you whomever I change and change, and to agree to whomever I choose from among you to the caliphate, according to my vow to Allah that I will not make my relatives special." they said. Then Abdurahman took one covenant from them. They made a covenant with them. He then began to consult with the Companions and the military leaders and the elders as to which of them would be more deserving of the caliphate. Some pointed to Uthman. Abdurahman Ali (ra) asked, "If you were not elected to this job, who would you agree to be?" they asked. Hadrat Ali replied, "I would have agreed to be 'Uthman." So when Zubayr and Sa'd (ra) were asked, they both replied, "We would agree to 'Uthman." When 'Uthman asked them, they replied, "I would agree to be Ali." In the end, the election to the caliphate was between Ali and 'Uthman. When the fourth day, which was conditioned by Hadrat 'Umar, came,' Abdu'r-Rahman (may Allah be pleased with him) entered the mosque during the morning prayer and stood up and said, "O people, people want to know who they have chosen." But Ibn Yasir stood up and said, "If you do not want the people to disagree, choose Ali." Miqdad ibn Aswad also supported Ammar's statement. 'Abdullah ibn Sarh stood up and said, "If you do not want a dispute between the Quraysh, then when you choose' Uthman, reduce the quarrel between the two sects so that you do not divide them." Sa'id ibn Abu Waqqas said to 'Abdu'r-Rahman, "Let the people settle the matter before they fall into sedition." After listening to these words, Abdurahman said, "I have examined and consulted, so do not quarrel."
He called Ali and said, "O Ali, you must swear by Allah that I will follow the Book of Allah and the Sunnah of His Messenger and the biographies of the two caliphs after him." Ali also replied, "I hope I will follow them as much as I can." Then they called 'Uthman and repeated what he had said to' Ali. 'Uthman vowed to do the same. Abdurahman then elected 'Uthman as caliph and pledged allegiance. That was the end of the election. Uthman (ra) was elected caliph.
We consider that from the time when 'Uthman (ra) pledged allegiance, there was a division among Muslims into Umayyads, Hashemites, and Alawites.

THE FIRST SERMONS OF OSMAN

After the election and the appointment of the Khilafah, 'Uthman Zinnurayn slowly rose to the podium and addressed the people as follows:
“People, of course you are in a temporary hut right now. You will live a lifetime. So, spend your time doing as many good deeds as you can, coming out of the world in the morning and leaving as if you were leaving either in the afternoon or in the evening. Beware, the world is a deceptive thing. Do not be deceived by the fact that you are alive in the world. Let not a single breath of GOD's neglect be neglected. Learn from the example of your predecessors. Then take serious action, do not neglect to spend your dear life in the path of vanity. After all, action will never win you over. Tell me, where are those who cherished this world and lived with love in their hearts, and the world spit them out of their mouths? Wherever GOD has cast the world, you will reach it, and you will desire the Hereafter. Indeed, Allah has described the Hereafter as better than the worldly life. The Almighty Allah, the Glorious of the life of this world, said: "Give them the life of this world without any blow, as if We brought down water on the earth, then with it the plants grew on the earth, and then it became a wind-blown treasure." GOD has measured things. Wealth and children are only an ornament of worldly life. And the good deeds that will last forever are greater in the sight of Allah and their hope is better. ” It is clear from these sermons that it is not a plan that describes the policies of any of the practical ways of the Ottomans, but a purely religious exhortation that has nothing to do with politics. It is as if 'Uthman did not want to be associated with any specific policy that would reassure their Muslims, as well as the people living in another Islamic state. However, he soon became involved in public and political affairs. They sent letters to the governors of the provinces, to the commanders-in-chief, and to the tax-collecting officials, as well as to the general Muslims in the cities. In his letters, he advised them to enjoin good, forbid evil, treat the dhimmis with compassion, and collect taxes fairly. They sent letters to the tax collectors with the following content: “Surely GOD created the creatures with truth. That is why ALLAH only accepts the truth. So take what is right and give to what is right. Keep the deposit fair. Do not be traitors. Keep your promises. Do not wrong the orphans, nor the unjust. Indeed, Allah is the enemy of those who wrong them.
It is a letter that has reached the pinnacle of spiritual morality, advising its subordinates to treat justice with justice. Such letters of recommendation remained not only on paper, but also in practice. In a very short period of history, Islam has spread its wings to many countries of the world because of the practical activism of such high-ranking officials. It is not known if there has been a similar incident in human history.

USMAN'S DEEDS DURING THE KHALIFA PERIOD

Even during the caliphate of 'Uthman (ra), the chain of conquest of foreign lands that began during the reign of' Umar al-Faruq did not break. Uthman started the conquests again from where he came from. During the reign of Ottoman (ra), Armenia, Africa and Cyprus were conquered. In 31, when the province of Tabaristan was conquered by Sa'id ibn 'As, the people of Khorasan revolted against' Uthman. To suppress them, they sent Abdullah ibn 'Amir, their ruler from the province of Basra, with a large army. There, Abdullah was completely successful. Then Ahmad ibn Qays was sent to Tabaristan with a large army. They won after fierce battles with the Tabaristan army. From here, they made peace and conquered the cities they encountered along the way. Then they began to conquer Khorezm. But they could not achieve that. They turned back and crossed the Amudarya. When they reached the cities of Movarounnahr, they made peace with them. Thus, 'Uthman brutally suppressed the rebels living under the control of some Islamic state.
Walid ibn Uqba was appointed governor of Kufa. When the province of Azerbaijan refused to give up the juzya and the Armenian state refused to obey the Islamic government, Walid ibn Uqba was sent against them by 'Uthman (ra). Walid went there and brought them down completely cramped. Mu'awiyah ibn Abu Sufyan 'Umar was the governor of al-Sham from the time of the caliphate. Muawiya (ra) had formed a navy. With their help they fought against the Byzantines. They had even penetrated Asia Minor. Similarly, they conquered the islands of Cyprus and Rhodes, as well as many continents.
Since the island of Cyprus was one of the largest islands in the Mediterranean, its conquest had a special significance. The conquest of the island took place in 28 AH. Zsro, Muawiya (ra) thought of the war against Cyprus in the time of 'Umar ibn al-Khattab, and asked' Umar's permission for this. They asked 'Umar for permission to enter the Mediterranean to fight the Romans from the fortress of Khims. After this, 'Umar ibn' As wrote a letter asking him to describe the sea and the ships in it. There were no Muslim navies at that time. Amr ibn 'As wrote a reply to Hadrat' Umar stating that the Mediterranean was extremely large and that there were fortresses with a powerful navy, and that the Muslims had no opportunity to fight them. After receiving this answer, 'Umar did not allow war at sea. At the same time, the march against Cyprus had stopped. After 'Uthman became a caliph, Mu'awiyah wrote letters to him several times asking for his permission to march against Cyprus. In the end, 'Uthman (ra) allowed it. However, they did not force Muslims to take part in battles at sea, but gave it to everyone voluntarily. The first Muslims under the command of Abdullah ibn Qays had equipped the navy to wage war against Cyprus. He was joined by 'Abdullah ibn Sa'id in ships sailing from the port of Alexandria. Both fleets were joined near Cyprus.
They made peace with the people of Cyprus for the equivalent of the 7000 dinars they paid to the Romans every year. Thus, the Muslims easily occupied the island of Cyprus. Since there were very few defenders of the Christians there, they were unable to fight the Muslims.

THE STORY OF MALKHAN'S DAUGHTER UMMU HIROM

It was in these battles for Cyprus that the wives of the great Companion, the Companion Ubadat ibn Thabit, Umm Hiram, the daughter of Malkhan, were martyred. Umm Hiram was one of the first Ansar to convert to Islam. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, came to visit his yard. They slept and rested in their rooms near the Masjidil Qubo at noon. One day, the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was sleeping in Umm Hiram's house during the day. He woke up and smiled and said, "I saw in my dream a group of my ummah sailing on a ship in the Mediterranean." Umm Hiram said, "O Messenger of Allah, pray and may Allah make me one of them." The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "You will be one with them." Then they lay down and slept again. After a while they woke up laughing. When Umm Hiram was asked why they were laughing, the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "I saw in my dream a group of my ummah swimming in the Mediterranean." When Umm Hiram said, "O Messenger of Allah, pray for me to be one of them," the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Surely you will be one of the first." Ubadat ibn Thabit married him. Then they started the first naval battle with them. When they reached the shore, Umm Hiram rode on a donkey and walked along the shore. On the way, the donkey fell to the ground and was killed. That is why Umm Hiram was the first martyr in the battles for Cyprus. The tomb of the saint was a mausoleum visited by Muslims when Cyprus was completely under the control of Turkish Muslims. Later, when Marcos was elected president of Cyprus, the island was divided into two. The subject of the tombs of Umm Hiram passed to the Christian division. Christians have now banned Muslims from visiting this great monument. As for the events in Egypt, the treaty with the Romans had been broken. The rulers of Alexandria sent a letter to King Constantine, complaining of their humiliation, and showing him the ways of conquering Alexandria. In Alexandria, the defenders of the Muslims consisted of a small army.
Constantine sent a very large army under the command of Emannuel to conquer Alexandria. They were easily occupied. The Copts, outraged by the Roman conquest of Alexandria again, wrote a letter to the caliph asking him to appoint Amr ibn As as commander-in-chief to fight. 'Uthman had removed' Amr ibn 'As from power. They reappointed and allowed the Romans to fight. Amr ibn 'As and the Romans fought fierce battles on land and sea. After a long and fierce battle, the Muslims achieved a complete victory over the enemy. They chased the enemy all the way to Alexandria, inflicted a devastating blow, and brought it completely crushed. When the war ended with the victory of the Muslims, Amr ordered the battle to stop. They ordered the construction of a mosque called “Masjidi Rahmat” to mark the occasion of the great event that took place.

FOREIGN CONQUERATIONS DURING THE HAZRAT ULMAN KHALIFA

Amr ibn 'As (ra) was elected governor of Egypt by' Umar. The western borders of Egypt were calm because of the conquest of the province of Burqa (Krilanka) by a truce in 21 A.H. and the conquest of Tarablus in 22 A.D.
Then Nafi and Ibn Abdul Qays were sent with a large army to conquer the province of Nubil. Nofi (ra) fought very hard in Nubil. Eventually the enemies left, releasing Nubil to the Muslims. After 'Amr ibn' As was dismissed and Abdullah ibn Abu Sarh was appointed in his place, he decided to march against Africa, and asked the Caliph 'Uthman for permission. When the letter arrived, the Companions of 'Uthman (ra) gathered the Qur'an and called it to a meeting and consulted with them about it. The gathering came to an alliance that Abdullah should be allowed to march against Africa. After the decision was made, 'Uthman (ra) prepared a large army to help Abdullah and sent him from Madinah. Several great Companions accompanied him in the army. The army headed for Africa. Much later, no news came from the army sent to Africa. Concerned, the caliph sent Abdullah ibn Az-Zubayr and some others to Africa to inquire about the condition of his army. Abdullah ibn az-Zubayr arrived in Africa, and after their arrival, Abdullah ibn Sarh checked the war plan and made a mistake. Because according to this plan, the army would fight the enemy from morning till late at noon, and after late noon, they would stop fighting and not carry out any attack until the next day, Abdullah ibn Zubayr was given this to retrain the enemy troops. found it an opportunity. To deprive them of such an opportunity, they advised Ibn Sarh to divide the army into two. From morning till noon they fight the warriors of the first division. The soldiers in the second part rest. In the afternoon, the first part of the fighters stopped to rest. At this point, the soldiers of the second division inadvertently attack the enemy. By doing so, the enemy is deprived of the opportunity to reorganize. The soldiers, who followed this method from the next day onwards, fought with the first division until noon, and then suddenly attacked the enemy, who had returned to their positions to rest. Unexpectedly, the enemy soldiers panicked and rushed to the defense. However, after a while, the Islamic army won a great victory due to the complete absence of order in the army.
Jirjis, the commander of the enemy forces, was also killed in the same battle at the hands of the Muslims. The glorious soldiers of Islam achieved a complete victory over the enemy because they followed Abdullah ibn Az-Zubayr and his good advice.
In this battle, the Muslims captured a great deal of booty from their enemies. According to Bilozari's Futuhi Buldon and Kindai's Alv Lot, the share of one cavalryman in this booty was three thousand dinars, and that of the infantry was one thousand dinars.
After the battle, Abdullah ibn az-Zubayr returned to Madinah. The caliph conveyed the good news to Hadrat 'Uthman. The caliph was overjoyed at this news. Abdullah ibn az-Zubayr was asked to recite this good news to the people in the mosque. 'Abdullah ibn az-Zubayr said to' Uthman, "Bring such good news to the people yourself." Uthman (ra) stood among the people and announced this good news to them in a long sermon.
After that, Ibn Sarh returned to Nubil. There they raided again with Nubil. In 31 they even reached Dungolo district. The people of that sr fought with them unparalleled because of their resistance to Ibn Sarh. Ibn Sarh, however, could not achieve a complete victory over them. A truce was made in the middle. Ibn Sarh established a semi-economic treaty between Egypt and Qubil. Under this agreement, Egypt sent seed wheat and vegetables to Nubil. Nubil, in turn, will send flour products.
In 34 CE, a war broke out between Muslims and Romans in the Mediterranean basin near Alexandria. The Roman army was led by King Constantine himself. In this battle, known as the Battle of the Cavalry, the Arabs won a resounding victory over the Romans. The warships captured by the Arabs in the naval battle were very helpful in building the first Islamic Fleet. This fleet, which was built, played an invaluable role in the ongoing naval battles between the Muslims and the Byzantines during the Umayyad rule.

SOME OF OSMAN'S ACTIONS

Uthman (ra) had many reforms and commendable deeds that he carried out with pure intent, seeking the approval of Allah and His blessings. These reforms and actions were carried out during the caliphate because of their direct proposals and seriousness. Below, we present to the esteemed readers some of the work that has been done behind his efforts.
In 26 CE, the people of Mecca advised the relocation of the Eson seaport to the coast near Jeddah. Because if this were done, the port would be closer to Mecca. Hadrat 'Uthman himself and his Companions went to the shores of Jeddah. After a thorough study of the area, they were shown where the port would be built. Then they went down to the sea and bathed there. They prayed, "May this land be a blessed beach." They also ordered those who came with them to take a bath in the sea and lie in the sun on the shore. The port of Jeddah, which was founded at that time, still serves Makkah. In the same year, they bought the courtyards around the House and added it to the House. They built large rooms around the House. The first person to expand the sanctuary of Allah was' Uthman. Also, the blessed padarpushs of the House were made of leather in the time of ignorance. Hadrat 'Uthman tore off the leather cover on the top of the House and replaced it with a white cloth made of Egyptian silk. In 24 A.D., when the people of Madinah were talking about the expansion of 'Uthman (ra) and the Masjid al-Nabawi,' Uthman consulted with the great Companions. They all agreed to demolish the old mosque and build a wider and larger mosque in its place. After this advice was settled, 'Uthman performed the noon prayer with the people. When the prayer was over, they rose from their seats to the pulpit and addressed the crowd.
The words of his speech were: - O people! I want to demolish the mosque and rebuild it in its place, new and wider and bigger. I testify that I have heard the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) say many times, “Whoever builds a mosque, a room will be built for him in Paradise.” The previous predecessor, 'Umar ibn al-Khattab, also expanded the mosque. I will follow them. I consulted a cybor Companion about this. They agreed to demolish the old building of the mosque and build a wider and larger one instead.
The assembled crowd found these views of 'Uthman (ra) to be correct. Then 'Uthman (ra) hired workers and started the construction under his supervision. Construction began in the month of Rabiul 29 AH and was completed in less than a year, in the early 30s.
It is narrated that when 'Uthman (ra) wanted to talk to the people and consult about the demolition of the mosque, Mawlana ibn Hikam came to him and said to him, “May my parents be sacrificed for you, you have done a very good deed. But you could do something that people will never forget. ” When 'Uthman listened to him, he replied, "Woe to you, I hate them saying that' Uthman was cruel to us." Mawlana said, "Have you not seen how 'Umar treated them when he expanded the mosque?" 'Uthman looked at him and said, "Shut up! They were all afraid of him because 'Umar was holding them very tightly. If they were all put in a narrow room, they would go in. And I can't do that to them. I don't want to scare them. " Then Mawlana looked at him; “Let no one hear you say this. Then he will dare to oppose you. " During all the years of the Caliphate, 'Uthman (ra) went on Hajj with the Muslims, including the wives of the Messenger of Allah (saw), except for those who could not go on Hajj during the years when their homes were besieged.

TERRIBLE CONFLICT

For up to half of the caliphate of Hadrat 'Uthman, he ruled as the beloved caliph of the Muslims and as a person agreed with by the entire Islamic world. The Muslims dreamed of a permanent caliphate because of the gentleness and kindness of Hadrat 'Uthman. In particular, he was very popular with the people because he led the state after the strict Caliphate of Umar. Hadrat 'Umar kept the Muslims in strict discipline and forbade them from traveling to the cities and from having large palaces and luxurious buildings. The reason for this was that the Muslims were deceived by the fabric of the world and as a result there was no strife. When the rule of the state passed into the hands of 'Uthman, the people rejoiced and were satisfied with their work in the caliphate. He was in his seventies when he took office as Khilafah. He, of course, had grown up accustomed to a beautiful life from a young age.
He was not as strict as Mr. Abu Bakr and Umar was not as strict. Such qualities were among the qualities required of a ruler in power in governing a vast country like the Islamic State. In particular, the ruler who led the Arabs in their transition from a simple, impoverished life to a time of luxury and luxury would need such qualities as courage and toughness. 'Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) allowed the noble Companions to travel abroad and gain wealth by going there. And they did as they pleased. The wealth accumulated in Madinah and Mecca from all sides shows its work in the spirit of the Arabs, who were not accustomed to such abundance in the past. Such great wealth gradually brought them to the point of being used in ways of luxury and extravagance. Various vain games, such as pigeon-playing, which were previously unknown in Medina, began to spread in the city. The situation even reached the point that in the end, 'Uthman (ra) was forced to punish those who engaged in such nonsense. Ka'b ibn Dhu'l-Qayyqa was the first to be punished for his misconduct. Outraged by this, Ka'b hired some of his relatives and sons and took them with him to Damascus in a rage. They also ordered the arrest of Zabi ibn Harith for vain entertainment and drinking.
Several congregations gathered in Kufa, including Ashtar and Zayd ibn Sujan. They also tried to plot against 'Uthman. They spread conspiracies, provocations and rumors that "if 'Uthman was in power, no one would raise his head." Such ignorant people as Zabi and Kuhayl ibn Ziyad, who were shocked by such provocative statements, went so far as to say, "We will surely kill 'Uthman." According to the narrations of Tabari, when the conspiracy against Hadrat 'Uthman broke out and it became very severe,' Umayr returned from his previous intention, but Kuhayl insisted that he would kill him. He even dares to kill Osman when the invaders invade him. Had Hadrat 'Uthman not struck him with his fist when he was stoned to death at the time of his murder, he would have martyred a noble Companion like Hadrat' Uthman. It was from this point that the beginning of the fitna or the change of circumstances began. In addition, disagreements between some of the great Companions and such respected Companions as Abdullah ibn Mas'ud, Abu Dharr Ghiffari and Ammar ibn Yasir and Hadrat 'Uthman also intensified the fitna. Ibn Mas'ud was very upset by this. Seeing that Ibn Mas'ud was persecuted by 'Uthman, the tribes of Bani Huzayl and Bani Zuhra, who were his supporters, hated' Uthman. Seeing that Abu Dharr was angry, Ghiffar and his allies became angry with the Ottomans. The descendants of Bani Makhzum were Caliph Uthman (r. a.) Ammar ibn Yasir rebelled against him for betraying him, all of whom were quick to respond to those who called for revolt against 'Uthman. Too many people were openly dissatisfied with what he was doing and criticized his policies with resentment. Take, for example, the re-emergence of things that did not exist during the previous two caliphs of Uthman. He is the one who lowers his first voice in the takbir and is the first to entrust the people to give zakat, and he is the first to take zakat from horses and the first to lose the barriers that a herdsman cannot feed. were The anger of the people was also aroused by the fact that Hadrat 'Uthman's uncle Hikam ibn' As and his children had been brought back to Madinah. When Hikam died, Hadrat 'Uthman pitched a tent over the grave. His son was elected elder of the market in Madinah. After becoming an elder in the market, his attitude changed, gradually falling into the accumulation of goods. They treated Mawlana ibn Hikam, who had other cousins ​​like him, as their minister and advisor. He was the wrong advisor. The Muslims were also upset that Hadrat 'Uthman had dismissed the governors appointed by' Umar one by one and appointed their own relatives in their place. This was what was happening in Medina. But outside of Madinah, in addition to those who opposed the policies of Hadrat 'Uthman, there were two other classes who were inflamed. While one class enjoyed innumerable riches as they wished, the other class were the poor who were completely deprived of the beauties of life. These things changed the Islamic State. This change, in turn, intensified opposition to the caliph’s policies. The people were dissatisfied with the procedures they were pursuing in public affairs. In Medina and elsewhere, he created a movement to oppose the caliph’s policies. This state of anger and hatred enabled 'Abdullah ibn Saba' and those who believed in him to accept his call.
Abdullah ibn Saba's call against the Caliph 'Uthman became widely accepted in Basra. Sensing that the affair was taking such a wide turn and that a great danger was imminent, the governor of Basra expelled Ibn Saba from the city. Ibn Saba 'came to the province of Qufa after being expelled from Basra. There the people began to turn their wrath against the caliph and the governor. People in Kufa had a strong hatred for the governor. They began to discredit the Quraysh, who lived in a place called Sivar, on the border of Balkh and Iraq. The rebels seized the gardens belonging to the Quraysh in Sivar. They plunder their property.
The rebels gradually began to unite openly and openly curse Osman. They began to commit a heinous crime, the most horrible of all crimes in the world.
Ibn Saba 'was expelled from Kufa by the governor in disgrace and marched towards Damascus. In the evening, however, he could not find people who would answer his call. The situation there was quite disciplined. When he could not find a place in the evening, he set out for Egypt. There he could not find an opportunity to spread his poisonous doctrine, which dressed the eyes of the people in his religious garb, but he was able to do so later. He spread the call among the people to support Ali ibn Abu Talib. He declared the Raji sect. In other words, the superstitious notion that "the Messenger of Allah (saw) will return to life a second time" was instilled in the minds of the people and the harmful current of "Ali is better than the caliphs bequeathed to him by the Messenger of Allah (saw) and the caliphs who preceded him." He also developed a theory of divine truth that passed through the Persians among the Muslims. Such a theory is strictly forbidden by Islam. According to this theory, they are the most real caliphs after Ali Nabi. And Ali Nabi received help from Allah in running the affairs of state. It is said that 'Uthman usurped the caliphate unjustly. This theory was an anti-Islamic fabrication, which until the end consisted of such poisonous ideas. Abdullah ibn Saba 'In Egypt, the Egyptian people succeeded in eating their message widely because they opposed the governor, Abdullah ibn Sa'd, who had been appointed by the Caliph' Uthman. Because the governor was a relative of the caliph, the Egyptian people hated him.
Similarly, the joining of Muhammad ibn Hudhayfah and Muhammad ibn Abu Bakr to this call helped to ignite the fire of wrath in Egypt, and also helped Ibn Saba succeed in spreading his poisonous teachings. In Egypt, Basra and Kufa, the situation began to deteriorate significantly. In the end, the Ottomans were forced to select four of the statesmen to investigate the situation in the provinces. He then sent Muhammad ibn Salama to Qufa, Usama ibn Zayd to Basra, Abdullah ibn 'Umar to Damascus, and' Ammar ibn Yasir to Egypt. With the exception of Ammar ibn Yasir, the other three returned to the Caliph's office to investigate the situation and gather information that reflected the real situation. Ammar ibn Yasir, on the other hand, sided with the rebels because of disagreements with the caliph. This made the rebels even more courageous.
Ibn Saba was able to unite the provinces against the Caliph 'Uthman. He was joined by the great and influential Companions Muhammad ibn Abu Bakr, Muhammad ibn Abu Hudhayfah and Ammar ibn Yasir. Ibn Hudhayfah ibn Saba took part in spreading his letters among the people of Egypt, Qufa and Basra. After that, more than seven hundred people from each province came out and gathered outside Madinah. Then they quarreled over who would be the caliph after 'Uthman. The people who came to Basra demanded that Zubayr, those who came from Qufa demanded Talha, and the people of Egypt demanded that Ibn Saba 'be Ali. Hadrat 'Uthman received the ambassador of Egypt and promised to meet his demands. Then they calmed down and began to go home. As they were walking along the road, they saw a horseman in the distance, sometimes visible and sometimes invisible. They chased the rider out of suspicion. They arrested him and searched him. Next to him was found a letter written by Caliph Uthman. At the end of the letter, the governor of Egypt was ordered to arrest and hang all the rebels as soon as they entered Egypt. After reading the letter, the rebels returned to Osman in anger. Hadrat 'Uthman was asked about this. Hadrat 'Uthman swore that he did not write this letter, nor did he order it. They found out with the evidence that Mawlana ibn Hikam had written it on behalf of the Caliph himself. They then demanded that Mawlana be handed over to them. 'Uthman (ra) refused to hand over Mawlana to them. The rebels then occupied the courtyards of Hadrat 'Uthman for about twenty days. This was an open negotiation against Osman Zinnurayn. A group of Companions set out to protect him so that the conspiracy would not show its work. Hadrat 'Uthman sent letters to the surrounding provinces asking for help. The rebels took the situation more seriously, thinking that the Hajj season was over and that aid forces from the surrounding provinces would suddenly invade. There were fierce battles between them and the defenders, who then treacherously invaded 'Uthman's courtyards. Hadrat 'Uthman wrote a letter to Hadrat Ali asking for help. Hadrat Ali sent his sons Hasan and Husayn (ra) and a number of brave men led by Zubayr. They were ordered to watch Ali 'Uthman and not to allow anyone to harm' Uthman. They came and blocked the gates of Hadrat 'Uthman's courtyards.

SERIOUS CRIME

However, the rebels left the gate and tried to enter through the holes. They entered from there and tried to capture the caliph. When 'Uthman saw this, he went to them and said, "In the name of Allah, I ask you, as the Companions of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, that when the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, don’t you know that I armed the soldiers? Do you not know that I dug that well when the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Whoever digs a Roman well will be in Paradise?" they said. But these words did not affect them because they were a foolish, unscrupulous people. Without any hesitation, they brutally invaded the courtyards of Hadrat 'Uthman. Hadrat 'Uthman was fasting and reciting the Blessed Book of Allah in his prayers. One of them approached the man sitting in this position and struck him hard with a sharp iron tool in his hand. Hadrat 'Uthman fainted from this blow. Blessed blood splattered on the page he was reading. He was reciting the following verse. Meaning: “Allah will protect you from them quickly. Allah is All-Hearing, All-Knowing. When another was thrown to 'Uthman's side and tried to attack with his sword, his wife, Naila, threw herself at him to protect' Uthman. The sword of this idiot cut off Noila's hands and fingers. As soon as they found out that they were dead, they started looting their houses and seizing their property, that is, the property of the Muslims. They did not keep any covenant, nor did they fear their Lord. They did not respect Shahriya Haram either. This event took place on the eighth day of the month of Dhu'l-Hijjah in the year 35 AH.
They were vicious, hooligans, irreligious people. For this reason, a man over the age of eighty, who had fasted all his life and prayed at night, was killed while fasting and reading the Book of Allah, without paying any attention or respect to anything. Shortly before he was killed, one of 'Uthman's servants came to him and said, "Admiral Mu'minin, will you eat if I bring you some tea and bread?" When asked, 'Uthman replied, "No." He said, "I saw the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, in my house. He told me that we would have breakfast together."
As a result of the assassination of 'Uthman Zinnurayn, misery and unhappiness began in the Islamic world, which will continue until the Day of Judgment. Years will pass, centuries will pass, times will change, rulers will be renewed, but the black stain of this crime will never be washed away from the history of Islam. How dare to kill the caliphs of the Messenger of Allah, the husband of his two blessed daughters, the one who dug the rum, the one who equipped the soldiers for the expedition, the one who conquered countless cities, the organizer of the first Islamic navy, and the generous, kind, imaginary man? ! Why, when such a great man is being killed, is it possible to raise one's hand to a person who has united all Muslims in a single copy and who has brought immense benefits throughout his life from the day he converted to Islam? How, with what conscience, with what hand, is a person of such superior quality when killed ?! Why was Muncha a crime committed and why was he seen as such. Did they make some mistakes? Or is it because they have put some of their relatives to work in trust, and they have betrayed the one who has entrusted the work to them without fear of their Lord? Because they were vile ministers, unfortunate advisers, did the rebels think of themselves as judges, saviors, and criminally attack and kill someone who was martyred in the altar? Will they plunder their property? Did they treacherously invade their hospitals?
O pure creator! Of course, this is a crime that you do not agree with, but it is your great power and supreme majesty. You certainly have your own wisdom that is hidden from our minds. Oh my God! Be pleased with the one who was oppressed, oppressed, and martyred in the altar. Take revenge on the criminal traitors and murderers who dared to kill such a person.
Indeed, you are the most just of the rulers, the wisest of the just. Of course, you promised, "If something is done in the weight of a poppy seed, we will take it into account, and we will take everything into account." Surely your promise is true. So, no matter how insignificant or insignificant a crime is, no matter how good it is, it is in the sight of Allah, the Exalted, in His sight. Parvardigor! Forgive us for the mistakes we have made. After all, you are the backbone. Amen and amen.

From the book Khulafoi Rashidiyn