Contraception

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There are many methods of contraception, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. In addition to taking condoms and hormonal contraceptives, there are other methods to prevent unplanned pregnancies.

About contraception

First of all, it is necessary to cite one of the main postulates of modern medicine: "The best treatment is prevention." There are many modern, effective and safe methods of contraception today. They can be conditionally divided into groups:

Natural methods of contraception are, as a rule, based on the detection of the menstrual cycle and the cessation of sexual intercourse. They are unreliable and do not protect against sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). However, most of these methods apply.

Barrier methods can be effective in preventing pregnancy, and condoms can also be effective in protecting against STIs. The level of efficiency depends on their proper use. It is often recommended to use them in combination with more effective methods.

Intrauterine devices may contain metals (copper, silver) and hormones, the effect of which is explained by the effect of chemicals on sperm and egg cells, cervical mucus and endometrium. The effectiveness of this method is high, but they do not protect against JYYK.

Hormonal methods are very effective, but do not protect against STIs. These include oral contraceptives (tablets), patches, vaginal rings, implants, and emergency contraception.

Natural methods of contraception

According to modern data, the egg cell retains its ability to fertilize for an average of six hours to a day after ovulation. Spermatozoa are able to survive in the female genitals for 2-8 days, but the ability to fertilize an egg is achieved only after six to seven hours in the uterus and fallopian tubes.

The implication is that unprotected sex eight days before ovulation and on the day of ovulation can lead to pregnancy. This is theoretical. In practice - it is possible to get pregnant on any day of the cycle. Because in a person, not only fingerprints and eye color, but also the lifespan of himself and his germ cells are individual. Therefore, you should be protected from unwanted pregnancies on any day of the menstrual cycle!
But in life the situation is different. The first is those who are not yet planning a family and children. The second is young families, but they may not be planning a child because their current children are still very young. If the first case requires the most reliable method of contraception, in the second case it is possible to try natural methods of contraception.

Biological (or calendar) method of contraception

The biological method is based on the periodic abstinence or protection from sexual intercourse on periovulatory days (days close to ovulation). It is recommended to abstain from sex eight days before ovulation and 3-4 days after ovulation or to use more effective methods of protection.
This method is only suitable for women who have a normal menstrual cycle. Insolubility is also required to measure basal temperature. Every morning, at the same time, it is necessary to measure and record the correct bowel temperature with a simple thermometer without getting out of bed.

Those who decide to use the biological method (also called the calendar, rhythmic or symptothermal method) should keep in mind that the onset of ovulation and menstruation can vary depending on the woman's emotional state, stress, infectious diseases, climatic conditions. Therefore, to ensure the reliability of the biological method, it is necessary to push the curve of the time convenient for fertilization two days before and two days after. This means abstaining from sex ten days before and five days after ovulation.
As a result, there are a total of fifteen days left in a month for sexual life (when there is a stable four-week menstrual cycle). Not so little. The biological method is mainly suitable for couples who are not too strongly opposed to becoming pregnant. Those who are determined to avoid pregnancy should not use the biological method. Ask any obstetrician-gynecologist - he will tell you a lot of stories about those who became pregnant “during menstruation” and during interrupted sex.

Contraception is to prevent the fertilization of an egg cell and in turn ensure that pregnancy does not begin. Contraception is part of the concept of protection. This is because not only unwanted pregnancies but also infections and / or sexually transmitted diseases need to be protected.

Stopped sex is not a method of contraception

Another method of natural, traditional contraception is to stop having sex. Interruption of sexual intercourse is the removal of the penis from a woman's penis before a male orgasm. This method is based on the ability of a man to feel the ejaculation time approach and begin.
Many believe that stopping sex is the simplest and most natural way to avoid pregnancy. Doctors, on the other hand, have a different opinion and do not view discontinued sex as a method of contraception. Because its efficiency is very low - close to 50 percent. Pregnancy can occur for several reasons.
First, in many men, ejaculation begins long before the final ejaculation. The release of these sperm groups is not noticeable and therefore cannot be controlled.
Second, not every man and always quality - can control ejaculation in time and in full.
And third - in most men, stopping sex can lead to problems with potency, weakened erections, premature ejaculation, and even impotence. Psychological disorders occur in women who are forced to live with such men, and may even develop anorgasmia. In general, abortion is very individual. This is especially true for men who have a strong sexual constitution and are willing to think about themselves first and foremost women. As with the biological method, this method is suitable for couples who are not strictly opposed to pregnancy.

The method of lactational amenorrhea

At the end of the topic of natural contraception should be mentioned about the method of lactational amenorrhea. Lactational amenorrhea does not mean "I was breastfeeding." This method is only suitable for women who are exclusively breastfed (a child up to six months of age receives nothing but breast milk), it is important to breastfeed the baby as required and the pause in breastfeeding at night should not exceed six hours and during the day no more than 2 hours.
This method is based on a very delicate and very high level of neurohormonal interaction between the hypothalamic-pituitary system and the target organs (mammary glands, ovaries, uterus). Even the slightest violation of the order provides a surprise! In this case, ovulation can begin and, accordingly, the fertilization of the egg cell.

In short: natural ways to avoid pregnancy are suitable for long-term couples who love, trust each other.

Emergency contraception

This type of contraception is used when you are sure that other methods are not working (for example, a condom is torn or the oral contraceptive schedule is disrupted) or when contraception is not used at all.

Hormonal-active drugs (tablets) or copper preservatives (as intrauterine devices) are used as the main means of action in such devices.
According to experts from the World Health Organization (WHO), the safest means of emergency contraception is to take tablets containing 1,5 mg of levonorgestrel. WHO recommends taking these pills once every 5 days after sexual intercourse. However, the results of the study showed that the effectiveness of levonorgestrel on the first and second day of administration - 98% and 85%, and on the third day - 60%. Therefore, the earlier you take this drug, the higher the effectiveness.