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Recommendations for the protection of livestock from diseases
Family members of livestock keepers should undergo annual medical examinations and vaccinations against infectious diseases (to prevent the spread of the disease from animals to humans).
A family member may not serve livestock or milk a cow without a doctor’s permission if he or she has skin diseases, bruises, cuts, or small wounds on the body parts.
The main condition for the care of pets is timely and continuous feeding (during the period of care in the barn, the cattle are fed with prepared feed in the summer).
One of the second important conditions - the necessary hygienic care. This is reflected in the animal’s ability to maintain its live weight - they maintain moderate obesity.
When raising cattle at home, first of all, it is necessary to pay attention to the direction in which the cattle are fed. If fed in the direction of milk, the diet should include crushed greens, hay, beets, quality concentrate feed.
If the animal is fed fat, the diet should contain more concentrate (feed, bran, shellac, shrot). The cattle being fed should be in a position to move less.
Cattle storage rooms, i.e. barns, should be spacious, light and have frames for air exchange. The barn should be well repaired, the walls, manger disinfected with lime, all holes should be closed. The boy should have a well-ventilated, urine-draining trough.
If possible, the animals should be cleaned and rinsed every day, if possible, when they are dirty. To do this, use a chisel. If the cattle is very dirty, it is washed in warm water. This measure should always be done in the summer, because clean skin is less attracted to insects. Bathing the cow or sprinkling water is also effective.
Standards should be followed when building a barn. The length of the pen for cows is 160-200 cm, width 130-150 cm. should not be less than. The manger will be lower - the cattle should be fed with the neck bent but not stretched.
Make the trough oval, preferably not rectangular, ie 80 cm at the top and 50 cm at the bottom. It is advisable to build at a width of not less than. It is better to be in front of the water of cattle grazing on fattening, rather than its size to fit a one-time feed.
As a measure to control infectious diseases and insects, it is always recommended to keep the area around the barn clean, collect manure twice a day, and treat the cattle with insect repellent solutions.
Freshly melted lime has very strong disinfecting properties. Therefore, if the walls of the barn are often painted with lime, it will maintain the sanitary condition of the barn and the air cleanliness at a good level.
There are a number of infectious diseases that occur among livestock that need to be prevented and safety measures taken.
Anthrax. The disease is an acute infectious disease and infects all species of animals as well as humans.
In this disease, the animal becomes very relaxed, loses appetite, body temperature rises to 41-42,5ºC, mucous membranes turn blue, the animal sighs.
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Tumors appear on the skin of many animals, cattle occasionally become irritable, and clinical signs such as diarrhea and redness of urine appear.
Brucellosis (scabies). In animals with this disease, miscarriage and placental abruption are symptoms of the disease. Fetal miscarriage is most often seen in the second half of pregnancy, when the disease is transmitted to humans.
Animals with this symptom should refrain from consuming milk until a definitive diagnosis is made.
Tuberculosis (tuberculosis). Tuberculosis is a chronic disease that forms a specific type of tuberculosis in the lungs, intestines, lymph nodes of the body, which also affects people.
Rabies. This disease affects all types of warm-blooded animals as well as humans.
The symptoms of the disease are similar in most animals and are characterized by increased agitation, impaired response reflexes to the environment, loss of appetite, biting of inedible objects, excessive salivation. This condition lasts for 2 days and ends with the animal becoming paralyzed.
Protein disease. The disease is severe in cattle, the disease is characterized by the formation of lesions on the mucous membranes of the oral cavity, udder skin and legs.
Black spot disease. The disease is most common in cattle aged 3 months to 4 years.
The body temperature of the sick cattle rises, there is pain and itching in the swollen areas of the muscular parts, the animal dies within 1–3 days.
Salmonellosis. The disease affects calves from 10 days to 2 months of age. The disease can be transmitted through milk, urine and inhalation.
Symptoms in sick calves include weakness, fever, lumbar flexion, half-closing and tearing of the eyes, diarrhea, and hair loss.
Metritis disease. The disease is an inflammatory disease of the uterus, common in cows and occurring in various forms. The disease results from damage to the uterus, placental abruption, and microbial infiltration of the uterus.
Affected cattle show symptoms such as weakness, fever, increased breathing and heart rate, loss of appetite, groaning and bloating.
Mastitis. It is damage to the mammary glands by several types of bacteria. Symptoms vary depending on the degree of inflammation in the breast.
In severe forms of the disease, the udder swells, the temperature in the affected local parts of it rises, there is intense pain, resulting in loss of appetite of the cow. In the chronic form, one or more of the udder is swollen and the milk is in a non-specific purulent form.
Postpartum paralysis. The disease occurs after childbirth. It occurs as a result of cows excreting large amounts of calcium and other valuable minerals during milk production.
The first signs of the disease are dizziness, inability to get up after lying down, and cows lying on their stomachs when they lie down. If a sick cow is not helped in time, it will die.
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Hoof disease. The cause of the disease is in cases such as injury to the hoof, cracking or scratching of the skin between the hooves, where bacteria fall and infect and cause the disease.
Symptoms include an increasingly severe lameness in the animal, swelling around the hoof, and an odor when applied. Cattle may die as a result of the infection spreading to the joints of the feet.
Blood-parasitic diseases of livestock. The most common disease in the country is transmitted by pasture canals.
In sick animals, the body temperature rises, appetite is lost, blood is reduced (anemia), urine turns dark red, mucous membranes turn yellow.
To prevent the disease, there should be no cracks in the walls of the barns. It is advisable to plaster and whitewash the walls. It is recommended to bathe cattle every 15-20 days in the spring-summer period, to carry out preventive measures with polyamidine, berenyl, azidine at the rate of 100 ml per 5 kg of live weight.
Colostrum is breastfed until the calf is fully saturated. The calf is kept in a warmer place, some people also build a special calf barn in the barn and release it freely.
Before milking a cow, its udder is first wiped with a cloth soaked in warm water and then wiped with a dry cloth.
The cow storage area should be clean and not damp. Incense (adarasmon) is smoked and disinfected every 3-5 days.
In order for a calf to grow up healthy, it is necessary to leave 40 suckers for the calf to suckle until the calf is self-feeding, that is, until it is 2 years old.
The calf should be spread out in the fresh air every day, that is, left empty. Once you start feeding with other nutrients, you will be supplemented.
Great care should be taken when feeding cows, making sure that there are no foreign objects in the feed given at home.
The following should be done if cows consume dripping feed and drip. Running the animal, drinking clean milk, pouring yacht water over it, tying it to the mouth of a branch of a well-chewed tree (willow).
In desert, steppe zones, field mites can be found in animals grazing on pastures. Canaan should be washed with killing agents (paraffin, kakra decoction and other modern disinfectants).
The calf, in general, should drink a decoction of yellow grass, if the animals have diarrhea.
The barn where the animal is kept should be cleaned and whitewashed after the animal leaves the barn (late spring, early summer). The same should be done before the animal enters the barn.
After giving birth to a cow, it is necessary to drive it at least 1-1,5 km every day in order to quickly come to the bottom and escape again.
A cool, dark place is advisable when grazing cattle. Care should be taken not to suffocate the animal with the feed.
In the summer, if you bathe every day, you will be fattened and cleansed. A fattened animal will have a very delicate taste, and if it does not eat the food as desired, it will need to be replaced.
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Protecting birds from disease
To protect chickens and hens from disease, it is advisable to vaccinate according to the plan below.
VACCINES |
|
1. Marek |
1 day between muscles |
2. Gamboro |
With water in 7–8 days |
3. La Sota |
14 drops in the nose at 2 days |
4. Gamboro |
With water in 17–18 days |
5. IBK-NB |
35 drops in the nose at 2 days |
6. Salmonellosis |
43 drops in the mouth at 5 days |
7. ILT |
45 drop in the eye at 1 days |
8. IBK-NB |
65 drops in the nose at 2 days |
9. ILT |
80 drop in the eye at 1 days |
10. IBK-NB |
90 drops in the nose at 2 days |
11. Salmonellosis |
At 105 days, 5 drops in the mouth and nose |
12. Smallpox |
115 days under the wing |
13. SSYa |
115 day between muscles |
Providing chickens with adequate amounts of vitamins A, D, Ye, C, and B from day one is important in preventing many non-communicable diseases and in keeping animals healthy.
It is also advisable to add various micro and macronutrients and other supplements to poultry feed.
Amount of compound feed for 1 head of poultry when feeding birds:
Yoshi |
The daily norm |
1-4 days |
11 g |
5-21 days |
17 g |
22-56 days |
41 g |
57-112 days |
70 g |
113-133 days |
90 g |
134-160 days |
120 g |