3D printers

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The use of digital innovative technologies in manufacturing, especially modern 3D printers, is such a wide-ranging and large-scale issue that it would actually take much more information than this article to shed some light on it. That is why in this section we will briefly dwell on only one modern innovative technology that is currently developing rapidly - the scope of application of 3D-innovative technologies.

Often when it comes to this, most people start remembering 3D glasses. But nowadays, the concepts of 3D-scanner, 3D-audio, 3D-video, 3D-shooter, 3D-sound, 3D-picture or image and 3D-printer have also entered our lives rapidly. The term 3D means 3D - three dimensional. The principle of operation of 3D printers is to create a copy of any object on the printer in a layered way using a single material. That is, as a result of the operation of the 3D printer, a physical copy of an object appears and can be viewed or used for some purpose.

The idea of ​​a three-dimensional seal was first mentioned in the 80s, and the first results in this direction were obtained in the late 90s. The first 3D printer was developed at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the United States, and many of its types and models are now available in compact versions for home use. Prices also range from $ 600 to $ 20 million, depending on the type. There are many ways to order them online. The principle of printing on a 3D printer is also very simple: the raw material needed to create the object (for example, ABS-plastic or gypsum) passes through the printing head (cartridge) and is heated to the desired level. filled with administration. The 3D-information model of the object can be obtained from the global Internet or easily created using digital 3D-scanners. This means that in order for this work to take place, any object to be printed is divided into several layers by a 3D printer using its information model and software (e.g., 3D MAX software). After the calculation, it will be possible to know how much the object weighs on the 3D printer monitor, how long the pehchat will last and what the object will look like, and get a 3D image of it. Once the 3D printer is up and running, it will be possible to get an exact physical copy of the object on its platform. The most important thing for us is to get an information model of the object that needs to be done on the printer, or to create it using the necessary software. All other work is done autonomously by the 3D-printer itself. The information models needed for 3D printing can be found and downloaded from the Internet or created using special 3D software. The reasons for the growing popularity of digital 3D printers are:

•  Ease of finding raw materials;

• Relative ease of use of printers;

• Reliability and durability of created objects;

• Meet the environmental requirements of the work performed;

• The fact that the process of creating a physical model is not so expensive.

For the same reason, the cost of objects made on 3D printers is several times cheaper than other methods. Due to this, 3D printers are increasingly used in the following areas:

• In mechanical engineering and in the creation of prototypes of objects;

• In architectural work and design;

• In modeling and design of various machines and units;

• In the creation and testing of various organs in medicine and dentistry;

• In making copies of various equipment and objects in engineering work;

• In construction and in the creation of the various interiors and exteriors required for it;

• In the creation and shooting of characters in the production of films and cartoons;

• In the development and testing of various spare parts in the automotive, aircraft and aerospace industries;

• In the production of jewelry of various types and appearances;

• In the production of various toys for children.

That is why the technology of 3D printers is developing year by year, and the field of application is expanding. Researchers are also conducting research on the creation of various human organs on a 3D printer. The space agency NASA is stepping up research into creating a variety of food products for astronauts on a 3D printer. A number of automotive firms and aircraft companies are already making parts of their cars and aircraft on 3D printers and are seeing greater economic benefits. In the Netherlands, preparations are underway to build houses on the basis of 3D technology. Based on the above, it can be noted that digital 3D technology allows to increase the efficiency of any production process several times and to produce a variety of industrial products at low prices on an individual basis. For the same reason, it can be said that the widespread introduction of such technologies in production in Uzbekistan will bring great economic benefits. An example of the use of 3D printers in the food industry is Solid Freeform Fabrication technology, developed by researchers at Cornell University in the United States. Hydrophilic polymers used in the food industry were used as raw materials, which made it possible to create artificial chocolate, biscuits, apples, glaze, marshmallows, bread and other products using a 3D printer. There are also 3D printers that can make a variety of models from plastic, plaster, wax, photopolymer and metal. Here is an example of a 3D printer:

3DThe operation of the printer is described below:

3DThe image of the printer's raw materials is as follows:

3D-Example of the screen view of the file:

3D scanners of various types and models can be used to quickly create 3D models of objects needed for 3D printers to work.

Based on the above, it can be noted that the role of 3D-technologies in the digital innovative development of the Republic of Uzbekistan is very significant, and this practice can bring great economic benefits. This necessitates the introduction of 3D technology disciplines in vocational colleges and technical universities and universities, and the acceleration of training in this area. The Ministry of Innovative Development, the National Agency for Project Management, the Ministry of Public Education, the Ministry of Higher and Secondary Special Education and higher education institutions will be responsible for expanding and disseminating scientific and practical work in this area.