Shahrukh Mirza (1377-1447)

SHARE WITH FRIENDS:

Shahrukh Mirzo was the fourth son of Amir Temur and was born on Thursday, August 1377, 20. According to the historian Khandamir, Shahrukh's mother, Taghoy Turkon, was one of Sahibkiran's concubines, whom Amir Temur later married. However, Shahrukh was brought up by Mrs. Saroymulk.

From a young age, Shahrukh Mirza strictly adhered to the Shari'a and was interested in religious books. Until the age of 20, he was on his father's Sahibkiran floor and took an active part in military campaigns, including the Palestinian march. After Amir Temur gave him the governorships of Khorasan, Seiston and Mozandaran in 1397, he remained the ruler of Khorasan until 1405.

According to Fasih Khawafi, Shahrukh Mirza ruled Khorasan under the leadership of the influential lords of Herat.

After the death of Amir Temur, Shahrukh Mirzo, among the contenders for the throne, formed an alliance with the Crown Prince Pir Muhammad Mirzo and fought against the ruler of Samarkand Khalil Sultan. After the tragic death of Pir Muhammad Mirza in 1407, he continued to fight alone. Fergana was given to Ahmad Mirza, the son of his late brother Umarshaikh Mirza, and he returned to Herat.

Gradually, Shahrukh Mirza subjugated the descendants of his brothers Jahangir, Umarshaikh and Mironshah in various ways, took control of a large state consisting of Movarounnahr, Azerbaijan, Iraq, Khorasan and northern Afghanistan, and proclaimed Herat as his capital. ”As he began to rule the kingdom.

While Shahrukh Mirzo spent much of his time praying and reading books, Gavharshod Beg, the wife of a noble and enterprising man, took an active part in governing the devon and the kingdom.

Shahrukh Mirza paid tribute to the dervishes and goshanis for their sincerity and devotion, and led the congregation in Friday prayers at the Herat Mosque. During one of the Friday prayers (February 1427, 21), a man named Ahmad stabbed Shahrukh Mirza inside the mosque. Ahmad was immediately executed. After the treatment with the help of doctors, the wound healed and Shahrukh Mirzo recovered.

Until the end of his life, Shah Rukh Mirza was hesitant to appoint a successor in his place.

In 1446, Shah Rukh Mirza marched against his grandson, Sultan Muhammad, the ruler of Qazvin, Ray and Qom provinces. Because Sultan Muhammad revolted against his grandfather Shahrukh Mirza, conquered Hamadan and Isfahan and besieged Shiraz. Shah Rukh Mirza's army did not face any resistance in western Iran. For some reason, when Sultan Muhammad Sheroz heard that his grandfather was coming, he released the siege and fled to the mountains. The perpetrators of the uprising will be severely punished.

While returning from this military campaign, Shah Rukh fell ill and died in 1447 in Ray province, at the age of 70.

During the reign of Shahrukh Mirzo, Khorasan developed politically, socially, economically and culturally, and many good deeds were done. Mosques, madrasas, khanaqahs, rabats, sardobas, villages and fortresses were built and provided with waqf property. Shahrukh Mirza's moderate domestic and foreign policy led to the establishment of peace in Khorasan. During this period, trade, handicrafts and agriculture began to rise to a higher level. Particular attention was paid to handicrafts, textiles, architecture, engraving, calligraphy, cover and paper production. Metalworking, construction equipment, and pottery also flourished. In addition, there is a growing interest in jewelry, embroidery, carving, royal and other fabrics. In particular, the production of fabrics such as banoras, satin from domestic and foreign raw materials began. Skilled masters of this profession have grown up. In the XNUMXth and XNUMXth centuries, the art of pottery in Khorasan, along with ceramics, was widely used in the construction of waterworks, large buildings, ceramic pipes, and ceramic tiles in various shapes and colors.

Shah Rukh Mirza sought to improve diplomatic relations with the rulers of China and India for the sake of the country's future. The country's ambassadors visited Samarkand and Herat, China led by Giyosiddin Naqqash, and India led by Abdurazzaq Samarkandi. Shahrukh Mirza built a madrasah and a khanaqah on the south side of the city fortress of Herat (1410–1411). At this time, the capital, Herat, and Khorasan in general, cultural and domestic buildings flourished.

There are several hospitals in Herat, including two more Dorushshifo. One of these hospitals was built by Shahrukh's third wife, Mulkat aga (Mulk aga), and the other by Shahrukh's grandson Alouddavla (1417–1460). Like Gavharshod Beg, Mulkat Agha built a khanaqah called Dorulhadis in Herat, two baths, one rabot 8 fars away from Herat, one rabot on the road to the Amudarya, and a madrasa in Balkh.

One of the largest monuments built in Herat during the reign of Shah Rukh is the huge madrasa built by Princess Gavharshod Beg and the khanaqah built next to this madrasa. These buildings began in 1417 and were completed in 1437. The madrasa and khanaqah have survived to the present day, and some of his sons, Gavharshod begim and other Temurid princes and princesses are buried in the khanaqah. The nobles, beys, and generals who served in Shahrukh Mirzo's palace built a number of cultural and residential buildings in order to perpetuate their names. For example, in the Alley district of Herat, madrasas Kurban Sheikh, Feruzshah, Chaqmoq Shah, Alayh Kokaddosh were built. In addition to religious education, these madrassas taught linguistics, literature, history, geography, handasa, mathematics, and astronomy. In addition, the science of philosophy, logic, and music were much more advanced.

Herat has been considered a city rich in various religious and scientific books since ancient times. Shahrukh Mirza himself was a hater of books, he had a rich personal library, and his son Boysungur Mirzo also had a wonderful library. These libraries are famous for their richness and diversity of valuable works.

In general, after the death of Amir Temur, relative peace prevailed in Movarounnahr and Khorasan during the reign of Shahrukh Mirza. Consequently, the economic, social and cultural life initiated by Amir Temur developed.