One week after discharge from the maternity ward, the skin of the baby, who is sleeping at a steady pace, becomes dry and constipated, or, conversely, becomes frequent and fluid.
Her mother's breastfeeding decreased, her anxious movements increased due to abdominal pain, and her crying intensified due to pain. As a result, mucus appears in the stool and diarrhea begins. This condition is more indicative of intestinal dysbiosis. Among the people, this disease is also called dysbacteriosis.
Dysbiosis or dysbacteriosis - means a negative change in the intestinal microflora.
Qualitative and quantitative changes in the intestinal microflora occur at the expense of obligate (basic) and facultative microbial groups. The microecological system of the gastrointestinal tract is an open biocenosis. There is a constant circulation of microorganisms between the external environment and the microflora of the digestive tract.
What factors cause the disease?
The germs first enter the fetus through the mother's birth canal. The amount of lactobacilli in the birth canal is higher than that of bifidumbacteria. The rest of them are compatible with the intestinal microflora. In children born by caesarean section, such a natural passage of the microflora is not observed, and the formation of the intestinal biocenosis is impaired.
When a baby is born, germs pass from the external environment into its gastrointestinal system. Basically, at the end of the first day, aerobic (growing in the air) microflora passes. Cocci, enterobacteria, fungi, and conditionally pathogenic microbes cause transient dysbacteriosis.
Lactobacillus and Strepthococcus salvanus are present in the oral cavity of the newborn. Later, that is, after 3–4 days in his colon will be lactobacilli, staphylococci, streptococci, Escherichia coli. In the first days, even the weakest virulent microorganisms can multiply in the gut and colonize them. This is a result of the low protective power of the local immune system in the gastrointestinal tract of the dwarf. Breastfeeding from the first hours of life is very important for the normal development of the intestinal microflora of the newborn. In this case, the microflora normalizes in 7–8 days.
The composition of the normal microflora of the small intestine
Bacteria are rare in the small intestine. Most of the microbes are found in the colon. The microflora of healthy children is divided into 3 groups:
The main (obligatory) anaerobic flora 95-99% - bifudobacteria, bacteroids - perform basic physiological functions.
The accompanying (additional) flora is lactobacilli, the normal strains of intestinal rods, which perform protective and digestive functions.
Aerobic sopraphyte and conditionally pathogenic flora in the form of residues occur in 1 percent.
Functions of normal intestinal flora:
The final stages of digestion are the breakdown of lactose, the decongestation of bile acids, the transformation (transport) of unsaturated fatty acids.
Vitamins such as B12, folic acid, vitamins K, B6, B3, PP, biotin are synthesized.
False antagonistic effect: bifidobacteria and lactobacilli form a protective activity in the mucous membrane, providing susceptibility to acute intestinal infections.
Effect on the structure of the intestinal mucosa: accelerates regeneration, affects digestion and absorption of nutrients.
Strengthens the local immune system.
Normal microflora performs a nonspecific protective function, ensuring the stability of the biochemical and biological environment in the gastrointestinal tract.
Etiology of dysbiosis or dysbacteriosis (cause)
Restoration of intestinal microflora takes a long time. 6-7 days after the baby is born, a deficiency of bifidobacteria occurs. As a result, conditionally pathogenic flora often turns into staphylococci. Negative shift in the mother's autoflora, vaginal and intestinal dysbiocenosis, non-compliance with the rules of hygiene of maternity staff, late breastfeeding weakens the body's immune system. Artificial feeding of premature infants and newborns, their treatment with antibiotics leads to a negative change in the microflora.
Classification
There are 4 levels of dysbiosis. Depending on its levels, the amount of anaerobic (growing in an airless environment) flora decreases. At stage 1-2 of the disease, the anaerobes are more than aerobic, while at stage 3-4 of the disease, the anaerobic is equal to or less than aerobic. At all stages of the disease, the amount of bifidobacteria, lactobacilli decreases. Conditionally pathogenic (harmful) flora multiplies. There will be a qualitative and quantitative change in the anaerobic flora. Normally, its non-dominant species (such as bacteroids, physobacteria, lycitin-positive clusters, anaerobic cocci) increase.
Clinical landscape
Dysbiosis is a clinical microbiological concept. It is a syndrome of many diseases accompanied by a decrease in general and local immunity (resistance of the organism to the disease). In this case, the processes of digestion and absorption in the small intestine are disrupted. Wind (gas) is formed in the intestines and their movement increases. As a result, severe dyspeptic (diarrhea) disorders are observed. Usually at the end of the first week, the sick child's abdomen is at rest, in which vomiting, refusal to breastfeed is observed. It comes in liquid and fast. Baby's stools are green, indigestible, mucous, and smelly when used. Disorders of digestive and absorption processes can be observed in the indicators of weight loss in children. If the disease is delayed, it can often lead to malnutrition (anemia), anemia, rickets, liver enlargement.
Typically, dyspeptic changes are observed in these diseases at levels 2,3, 4 of dysbiosis.
Treatment of dysbiosis
The best treatment for intestinal dysbiosis is breast milk for the baby. In cases where breastfeeding is not possible, supplements containing pre or probiotics are given.
Semfer bifidus is a lactose-containing and probiotic compound called Omneo and Mameks.
Probiotic compounds include products enriched with Lactofidus bifidobacteria and NAN sour yogurt - bifidobacteria and sour milk streptococcus.
Drug treatment of dysbacteriosis is carried out in two stages:
Phase 1. Microbial decontamination is carried out when bacterial growth in the small intestine is high, when conditionally - pathogenic (harmful) flora is detected. Drugs that have a local effect and do not affect the obligatory (basic) beneficial microflora are selected.
When the patient has other foci of the disease other than the bowel, a course of antibiotic treatment is given according to the sensitivity of the flora.
In candidiasis, antifungal drugs are used.
This treatment process lasts 1-5 days in phase 7.
In stage 1 dysbiosis, antibiotics should not be used in the absence of clinical signs.
Phase 2. Probiotics are used to normalize the intestinal microflora (drugs that maintain the normal intestinal flora), microorganisms used as biotherapeutic drugs also have a positive effect on the activity of the intestinal microflora.
Mechanism of action of probiotics:
promotes the growth of intestinal flora,
increases the competitive effect on adhesion receptors,
strengthens the immune system.
Thus, it is advisable for nursing mothers to eat quality, nutritious and proper food to keep their babies healthy. We also recommend that they consult a pediatrician in a timely manner in case the baby becomes ill. After all, whether it is a nursing mother or a newborn baby, arbitrary treatment at home in case of illness or following the "thankful advice" of others can lead to bad consequences.
