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HEMANGIOMA is a benign tumor of the blood vessels that occurs in a number of cases with the addition of adjacent tissues: muscle or nerve tissue, subcutaneous adipose tissue, or liver cells. Recall that hemangioma is not a malignant tumor (cancer) despite a sharp increase during active growth.
Location of hemangiomas
In most cases (especially in children) hemangiomas are located on the skin: on the face or neck. In these cases, we are talking about capillary tumors. These tumors can take the form of congenital spots, smaller spots, large pink or red tumors of the skin, which are significantly protruding. Skin hemangiomas do not cause any pain syndrome, but can cause more cosmetic discomfort.
Deep hemangiomas located under the skin are difficult to detect. They are bluish in color, reminiscent of a complication left after a bruise.
Hemangiomas are more likely to be present at birth and to be diagnosed with candidiasis. The main feature of hemangiomas is the rapid growth during the active period. Unlike other tumors, hemangiomas do not progress to a malignant type.
The most complicated case is an internal organ hemangioma.
The most common of the internal organ hemangiomas is hepatic hemangiomas, which are less common and can be located in muscle and bone tissue. Internal organ hemangiomas are asymptomatic for years and can be detected by random medical examinations.
Causes of hemangiomas
The causes of hemangiomas have not been adequately studied. Heredity, various diseases (hepatitis), external factors (long walks in the sun) can also cause hemangiomas. Hemangiomas are tufts of extra blood vessels that commonly occur in adults.
Treatment of hemangiomas
Hemangiomas are tufts of extra blood vessels that commonly occur in children. The problem is that the period of disappearance of hemangiomas can be long (even years).
If the tumor interferes with normal life and or takes on the appearance of a cosmetic defect - hemangioma can be considered for surgical treatment. There are currently less traumatic and effective ways to do this.
There are also modern technological methods of treatment of hemangiomas. The most effective method is laser coagulation of damaged blood vessels. At present, surgical removal of subcutaneous hemangiomas is almost non-existent. The laser acts faster, reduces the risk of relapse, does not leave scars.
Special attention is paid to the treatment of hemangiomas in children. By the age of 5–10 years, such fetuses can disappear independently. Therefore, treatment is used in large hemangiomas and when they adversely affect the function of internal organs. Surgical resection is used in visceral hemangiomas. Given that hemangiomas of the liver or large blood vessels may interfere with blood flow, they may be an indication for diagnosis.
What are the risks?
Hemangiomas are actually safe: they do not metastasize, they do not have a cancer-like altering effect on cellular memory. Complications can be as follows:
• Restriction of activities of nearby members.
In the inconvenient location or strong growth of hemangiomas can disrupt the activity of neighboring organs. This can be especially evident in infantile hemangiomas, which are hemangiomas that can interfere with a baby's ability to breathe normally and interfere with the development of sensory organs (for example, in the area of the eyelids). Hemangiomas located along large veins or arteries can impede blood flow as a result of their obstruction or disruption of elasticity.
• Infection.
Subcutaneous hemangiomas are very delicate and can be easily affected and injured. This causes them to become infected. In some chronic diseases (for example, diabetes mellitus), it is possible to observe that the wounds do not heal for a long time and spread to neighboring tissues.
• Decreased blood clotting.
Large hemangiomas can cause a reaction in the body. As a result of not being able to correctly distinguish the anomaly, the hematopoietic system reacts as if it were fighting normal vascular damage to the tumor. That is, by involving platelets in a large area of damage, they are overused and, as a result, the number of platelets in the blood decreases - leading to thrombocytopenia. This leads to decreased blood clotting and bleeding.
• Internal bleeding.
The risk of rupture of large hemangiomas is high and can be characterized by excessive bleeding. This condition is an indication for the use of emergency surgical intervention. The outcome (prognosis) of the disease depends on the size and location of the hemangioma.
When you see a specialist, try to explain your condition in detail: when and in what condition the tumor appeared, how long it has been there, and whether there are any similar tumors in the body. All the information will allow you to make an accurate diagnosis and choose an effective treatment method.
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