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Values
Plan:
Commonality of national and universal values.
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The role of values in the life of society and nation.
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Cultural and spiritual heritage, customs and traditions of Uzbekistan are national values.
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National hearts are a symbol of our identity.
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Conclusion.
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List of used literature.
The concept of values is used in different fields in very different ways. The science of values is axiology. This term was introduced into the field of scientific knowledge in the second half of the last century by the German axiologist E. Hertmann and the French scientist P. Lapi. In the West, this term is based on the Greek concepts of "value" and "science", "teaching". interpretation of value from an axiological point of view allows to study its content as a category, objective basis and subjective aspects, forms and characteristics of manifestation.
The category of value differs from the concept that represents the economic value of an item or things. Values are a category used to express the value of forms, things, events, processes, situations, qualities, requirements and procedures of reality that have some significance for a person.
Values represent the core of spiritual culture or "spirituality". Value is not a unique feature or property of any phenomenon, event or thing, but its essence, in turn, is a literal necessary condition for the existence and existence of this or that object of existence. values indicate the existence of different needs and feelings in human beings, create a basis for different evaluations of events and events happening around them. For example, grass is valuable for someone, grass is important, this or that event, for others it is worthless, yellow baby may be insignificant. For the same reason, values can be simply divided into positive or negative (insignificant, less important, imperceptible value), absolute and relative, objective and subjective values. Depending on the content, it can be divided into logical, ethical, aesthetic and object values. Also, values can be divided into values that glorify truth, goodness, and beauty.
Values are the product of society's social-economic, cultural-spiritual development. That's why values express the spirit of the times, opportunities, dreams and aspirations of the people who lived in those times. With the passage of time, the content and meaning of values change. That is why it is necessary to always take into account the specific athritic conditions - conditions when assessing the attrib value of values.
Values are manifested as a person's dreams - desires, intentions - hopes, in a word, ideals. For the same reason, as noted by the great German philosophers W. Windelüband, G. Rickert, values create an independent universe that never depends on the object or the subject. This universe transcends the laws of space and time. Also, values, which are the great spiritual treasure of humanity, never change, but as M. Scheler and N. Gartman say, people's imaginations about values change. The whole world is full of values and gives new meaning to existence. Therefore, the whole reality consists of a "specific display" of values.
According to modern value scientists, values also have their own laws. These laws are not extinguished by human will. since values are a subjective perception of the objective world, they influence people's practical activities. Even people change their lifestyle. For the same reason, people change their lifestyle according to the set of values created by mankind.
Eastern thinkers Abu Rayhan Beruni, Abu Ali Ibn Sina, when they thought about values, first of all, they understood the spiritual and moral qualities, traits, and characteristics of a person, the great treasure that helps for the spiritual and spiritual perfection of a person. Manifestations of Sufism, a widespread religious-philosophical doctrine in the countries of the Muslim East, repeatedly reiterated that the value of a person should be defined according to his mental and spiritual maturity. In particular, Kubravia, one of the largest streams of Sufism, states that the main criteria that express a person's mental and spiritual maturity are: atwba, zuhd, atwakkul, satisfaction, uzlat, atwajjuh, sabr, muroqaba, zikr, riza, another stream of Sufism is noted in Naqshbandi. It is said that the criteria that express the mental and spiritual maturity of a person are: Khush dar dam, nazar XNUMX step, safar dar waatn, khilvat dar anjuman, yodkard, bozgasht, nigohdosht, wuqufi numerical, wuqufi zamani, wuqufi kalbi. The great exponents of Sufism philosophy, such as Najmiddin Kubro, Ahmed ßssavi, Abdukhalik Gij-Duvani, Aziziddin Nasafi, Bahauddin Naqshbandi, Haja Ahror Vali, based on human spiritual values, purity, modesty, patience - tolerance, contentment, endurance, indifference, modesty. put human qualities like As can be seen from the above comments, the greatest and most excellent of values is a human being. For the same reason, there cannot be any Value that does not depend on the consciousness and activity of a person, and is outside of it. Therefore, according to their essence and content, values should be divided into types that glorify human intelligence, morals, honest and conscientious attitude to work, good taste and physical perfection.
Values can be divided into national and universal, class or religious, as well as age and professional characteristics of people, depending on their place in the life of the society, nation, and social character.
A person's worth, honor, honor, national pride are directly related to national values. National values are a philosophical concept that expresses the unique characteristics, properties, signs, and symptoms of each nation, and represents the contribution and share of the national cultural heritage formed in the process of social progress of that nation. The same national identity, self-conformity, in the culture, literature, art, language, religion, memory of the nation, in the way of living, working and thinking, traditions, painting styles, holidays and entertainments. finds the expression for z. National values are an expression of national spiritual culture and are the result of the worthy contribution of each nation to the treasure of humanity.
The basis of national values is represented by traditions, customs, paintings and ceremonies, holidays and entertainments. Uzbek national values contain humanitarian ideas. For a long time, mutual cooperation and sympathy, loyalty and mutual respect, reliance on each other and good neighborliness, childhood and oath - respect for the mother, love - the result and loyalty, in the relations of the Uzbeks, in their daily life. is respected in every way. National values are a great indicator of the contribution of humanity, human qualities, qualities, characteristics to the treasure of national cultural heritage created by each person belonging to that nation.
National values, undoubtedly, are directly related to the development or crisis of the nation. In other words, national values are related to the nation's past and present. That is why, "national values develop with the development of the nation, and depreciate when it encounters a crisis. Therefore, the nation is the real owner of its values in the sense that it creates its own values, polishes their new aspects and aspects, and perfects them in the process of progress, and in the process of changes, which consists of the movement of progress in space and time, it acquires them. "Atman is the main object that transmits from the past to the future".
Restoring national values means giving them a new meaning in accordance with the needs of modern civilization. For the same reason, with the achievement of independence of Uzbekistan, universal democratic values that meet the demands of modern civilization began to enter the lifestyle of our people. Respect for human rights, freedom of association, freedom of the press were among them. "While talking about the importance of these democratic values for our society, we would like to repeatedly emphasize that these values do not conflict with the specific characteristics of our people, both politically and ethnically and culturally."
The most important of universal democratic values is comprehensive protection of human rights and freedoms. The "Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizens" adopted by the Great French Revolution (1789) and the "Most General Declaration of Human Rights" approved by the UN General Assembly on December 1948, 10, were international documents aimed at protecting human rights and freedoms. With the achievement of state independence, Uzbekistan began to restore and protect human rights and freedoms that were trampled under the conditions of the authoritarian regime. The basic human rights and freedoms were legally consolidated in the Basic Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan - the general provisions of the Constitution and the second section consisting of six chapters. Also, the opportunity was created for the development of universal values such as democracy, stability, transparency, peace, and cooperation.
The harmony of national and universal values can be clearly seen in the desire of citizens to live peacefully and harmoniously, which arose in Uzbekistan during the years of independence. Now peace, interethnic harmony, stability are becoming the great socio-political value of all peoples, nationalities, peoples living in Uzbekistan. In the formation and development of such values, which correspond to the requirements of the world civilization, and their establishment in the lifestyle of people, a number of good events implemented in our country during the years of independence give an impetus.
The following conclusions follow from the above considerations:
Value is not a unique feature or property of any phenomenon, event or thing, but its essence, in turn, is a necessary condition for the existence and existence of this or that object of existence.
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Values can be divided into national and universal, class or religious values, as well as values specific to people's age and professional characteristics, depending on their place in the life of the society, nation, and social character.
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National values are a philosophical concept that expresses the unique characteristics, properties, signs, and symptoms of each nation, and represents its contribution and share to the treasure of national cultural heritage formed in the process of social progress of that nation. Universal values represent the values that are common to representatives of all nations.