The year of birth of Ahmed Yassavi, the great representative of Sufism, the founder of the "Yassavi" sect, which has a worthy place in Eastern Sufism, and one of the great representatives of Turkish poetry, is unknown. His death is clearly indicated in various written sources as 562 Hijri (1166-67 AD). But Nasafi also has an opinion that Ahmed Yassavi was born in 1103 and died in 1166. Some narrations state that he lived for 130 years. Arif Usman says: "According to the legends, when Yassavi was 63 years old, he made a room under the ground and entered the "chilla", and he spent the rest of his life praying and smoking under the ground." According to this narration, he lived 125 years, according to another narration, 133 years, and died in 562 AH. In general, there is very little information about Yassavi's biography, and he has not been studied in depth in any way, he has been neglected.
Ahmad Yassavi refers to his native country as "Blessed Turkestan". He lost his parents very early. After the death of his father Sheikh Ibrahim, his grandfather Arslonbaba (Arslonbab) and father both brought him up as a mentor. Ahmad Yassawi's ancestral dynasty goes back to Muhammad Hanafi. With the advice of his grandfather, he went to Bukhara to enjoy the lessons of Khoja Yusuf Hamadani. Ahmed was 23 years old at that time. He was one of the most reliable and attentive caliphs of his teacher. According to the information of Oriental scholar Arif Osman, one day Abdulkhalik Gijduvani asked Yusuf Hamadani to tell him about the fate of his students. Then the master said: "My original caliphs are first Khoja Abdullah Barki, then Khoja Hasan Andoqi, and then Khoja Ahmed Yassavi." Khoja Ahmed Yassavi left for his homeland Turkistan after some time after his caliphate. Then you will be the caliph in his stead."[1] he said. The development of the next events, as told by teacher Yusuf Hamadoni, Ahmed, who later returned from Bukhara to his native Yassi, built a madrasa and a school in the city and gathered a lot of new students around him. Through these disciples, he began to spread the Yassaviya sect, which he founded, to Turkestan and the surrounding regions of Shosh.
Ahmed Yassavi's students were Mansur Baba (Arslan Baba's son), Abul Malik Oto Tosh Khoja (Zangi Baba's father), Hakim Oto (Sulaiman Bakirgani), Zangi Oto and others.
After the XNUMXth century, two major sects emerged from the Yassaviya sect in Movarounnahr. The first is "Naqshbandiya", the second is "Bektoshiya". There was also a third order called "Ikoniya", but it did not go beyond the vicinity of Tashkent region.
Like other sects in Sufism, the Yassaviya sect has its own strict rules (etiquette). These rules include the following: I. A murid should not prefer anyone to his shaykh, he should show absolute submission. 2. A murid should be so intelligent and perceptive that he can perfectly understand all the signs and symbols of his shayi. 3. The murid must be loyal to all the aqwal (words) and afwal (deeds) of the shaykh, and must be completely mute and independent. 4. It is necessary for the murid to fulfill all the tasks of his murshid (piri) with chustu choloklik (agility) and earnestly, and always agree with him. 5. It is necessary for the murid to be faithful to his word, to be satisfied with his promise, and not to create any doubts in the mind of his murshid. 6. A murid should be faithful to his promise and keep his word. 7. A murid should always be ready to hand over all his possessions and all his wealth to his sheikh. 8. The murid should be aware of all the secrets of his shaykh and should never imagine his hints 9. The murid should consider all the suggestions of his shaykh, make his difficulties easy, and fulfill his advices a must 10. For the sake of Allah, a murid must be ready to sacrifice his wealth and life for the sake of his shaykh, and live as a friend to his friend and an enemy to his enemy.
Ahmad (in "Rasail") says that there are five domes in the human chest: 1. Heart or soul (two widths below the left nipple; 2. Spirit (two widths below the right nipple); 3. Mystery above the heart; 4. Dafni, that is, the dome of secrecy, 5. Ixfa, that is, the dome of goodness.
So Ahmed Yassavi took all the domes of the spiritual world to his heart. Now, daily back and forth worries will not allow him to communicate with His Highness."[2]- says Nasafi.
In Ahmad Yassavi's "Wisdom of Devoni", which has a very deep and rich content, the Sufi-philosophical worldview of the thinker captures the reader's attention with its whole being.
According to the wise man, "Knowing oneself, not the word of truth" is the main issue. Therefore, he says that a Sufi who seeks the pleasure of this world is not a Sufi, but only a person who obeys and prays, preaches honesty and purity, smokes the sorrows of the world, and lives with the concern of the people are real Sufis. .
From the beginning to the end of the work, noble human qualities: simplicity, modesty, affection, love, loyalty, truth, justice, superstition, etc., were promoted from a philosophical point of view. And on the contrary, vices such as evil, ignorance, ignorance, injustice, ingratitude, greediness are criticized. People with such qualities are called to honesty and religion.
According to Alloma, a person should not live in this world relying on rich people, this world will be better than everyone else. That's why people should do good to each other, keep the truth in front of their eyes and live without being jealous of other people's wealth:
As you know, this world is beyond all nations,
If you don't believe, one day it will go away.
Parents, relatives are gone, think,
A four-legged chubin horse will come to you one day.
Don't worry about the world, don't talk about yourself,
Don't eat a person's property, you will keep it on the poor.
Until recently, it was believed that Ahmed Yassavi had no other book than his only work, Hikmatar. In the October 1993, 30 edition of the "Khalk Sozi" newspaper, scientist Javkon Lapasov's article under the title "Genealogy" announced that a new work of the scholar had been found. "Genealogy" contains valuable information about the life, activities and genealogy of Ahmad Yassavi.
So, based on the blessed hadiths of our Prophet that poverty is an honor, and faithful to the path of the Uz tariqat, Haja Ahmad Yasavi reached the status of being the leader in "Shahhu gado aning irat wa ikhlosi istani" as written by Hazrat Mir Alisher Navoi. They praised the great poet Ahmed Yassavi in his work "Nasayim ul-Muhabbat" and said, "His status is high and famous, his grace is high and unlimited... He is a companion of Imam Yusuf Hamadani"... be helpful in
[1] Arif Osman. I drank Vahdad wine. "Muloqot" 1991, issue 6, page 52
