Fight against viral diseases of potatoes

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Potato is one of the most effective measures to combat viral, viral and mycoplasmal diseases in seed fields. Seed work includes a variety of organizational, economic, agrotechnical, preventive and preventive measures and methods: organization of seed production in mountainous and foothill areas; selection and use in the production of disease-resistant early maturing varieties; obtaining seed ends based on apical or meristem tissue; use of healthy shoots obtained on the basis of selection for planting and propagation of clones; to prevent the spread of disease and damage to the seed pods and, if necessary, to take the necessary measures; application of high agro-technical measures; application of potato growing technology as seedlings and two-crop crops and measures for the organization of seed production.

Preventive control measures.

The most effective way to prevent the spread of diseases and pests is to properly organize crop rotation. To prevent the potatoes from being damaged by diseases and pests, it is necessary to replant the area after 3–4 years and after a good pasture. Deep tillage is also an important way to prevent the spread of diseases and pests. In this case, the top layer of soil, which is rich in diseases and pests, is buried deep in the ground. Deep tillage is also an important way to prevent the spread of pests and diseases. In fields where pests and diseases are prevalent, the top layer of soil is buried deep in the ground. In order to prevent the spread of pests and diseases, the control of weeds in the fields where potatoes are planted and adjacent to it, on the edges of fields and irrigation ditches, in the fields is also of great importance. While weeds are a source of many diseases and pests, they further increase their viral carrying-infectivity, causing damage.

Fighting measures

Fighting measures will be aimed at eradicating emerging diseases and pests. They consisted of treating plants with toxins, applying contaminated food, using biological drugs, and using entomo-phages. In this case, special drugs are used for each disease. When the number of pests and pathogens approaches economic damage, they are treated. Legumes can be planted around the potato planting area and used as food.

Agrotechnical method

Agrotechnical measures include the creation of all conditions that ensure the normal growth and development of plants, increase the resistance of plants to pests and diseases: tillage, preparation for planting, setting the time of sowing seeds and quality planting, fertilization, irrigation, and intercropping, as well as disease and pest-resistant varieties of potatoes and other crops. Proper nutrition of the plant with phosphorus and potassium fertilizers without increasing the amount of nitrogen fertilizers in the care of crops dramatically reduces disease. When fed through the soil and through the leaves of plants and with other micronutrients, the plants can reduce various bacteriosis, viral, fusariosis diseases. Physical methods of pest and disease control include ketmon mowing, cultivation, high and low temperature ultrasound, high voltage electric current, laser and radiation radiation. Mechanical methods of removing insects and disease-causing sources include plowing the land in the fall, improving the chill water in the winter, digging insect traps, trapping pits, and catching insects using light traps.

Chemical method

Chemical plant protection is based on the use of a variety of organic and inorganic compounds against pests, with most plant protection products exposed to a variety of pests, diseases and weeds. differs. It is widely used in the control of pests and diseases in various agricultural crops, pests and diseases in warehouses with the help of chemical means of plant protection.

Agrotechnological control measures should include the use of health, application of phosphorus, especially potassium fertilizers to the soil, extra-root feeding of plants with copper, boron and manganese micronutrients. Unilateral nitrogen feeding exacerbates the disease. Seed tubers should be planted in light conditions, pulling more and thicker soil under the bush. Sick pupae disappear 10 - 15 days before digging potatoes. To do this, the pellets are sprayed with 1,5% magnesium chloride solution (working fluid consumption 1000-1100 l / ha), then the pellets are collected and burned. In Uzbekistan, the potato plant is home to several species of sap belonging to the family Aphididae: common potato (Aulacorthum), peach (Myzodes persicae), large potato sap (Macrosiphim sjlanifjlii Ashm) and others.

They pierce the leaf, suck the sap and damage the crop. Syrups also transmit viruses to other plants. Permissible dinadine against juices is applied in the amount of 40 ke 2,0-2,5 l / ha, Syrax 25% ke 0,48 l / ha. In the absence of these drugs allowed to process tomatoes 2,5% to 0,25-0,5 l / ha, mospilan 20 sp 0,2-0,30 kg / ha, fufanon 57% to 0,6- 1,2 l / ha can be used in the processing of potatoes.

Destruction of nematodes in field conditions

In order to destroy nematodes in the field, the soil should be fumigated with chlorpicrin or serocarbon at the rate of 1 g per 2 m50 one month before planting, but from an economic point of view, valuable seedlings and crops are fumigated in such a way. Death of nematodes when ethylenedibromide was added to the soil was determined in later experiments. Warehouse buildings are disinfected by fumigation with 1-3 g of sulfur per 100 m120 or chlorpicrin at the rate of 1-3 g per 10 m12 before laying potatoes. General quarantine measures should be taken to prevent the spread of moths to our country. Potato gypsum is treated with serocarbon or methyl bromide in closed cells and cleaned of soot.

Biological method

In the fight against insects and disease-causing sources, the use of biological agents such as beneficial insects in nature, laboratory-produced biological entomophagous, Podzius perillyus and Egum pockets ovarian entomophagous, pheromone catchers, trichonorus in potatoes is called biological method. At present, the most promising environmentally friendly, economical, inexpensive method of control is the biological method. This method is fully understood with the passage of the science of biological protection of specific plants.

Coordinated protection method

The combined protection method includes all the methods mentioned above and is the most prestigious of these methods. This involves the rational use of all methods, especially in the chemical method, as the use of pesticides in the fields of the country is limited. Pesticides are used only with special permission when the biological method is ineffective. In increasing the resistance of potatoes to pests and diseases requires attention to the following: planting after a good past; timely and adequate feeding of plants with nutrients; preparation of seed tubers before sowing; sowing at the optimum planting times and depth; quality tillage between rows before planting and during the growing season; placement of plants in the optimal thickness; keeping the crop area clean of weeds; use of varieties resistant to diseases and pests.

Quarantine method

A state measure to prevent the entry of the most dangerous pests, diseases, weeds and other sources into the fields is called a quarantine measure. These measures must be carried out both inside and outside the country. The main reason for this event is the increase in the number of different brands starting from year to year. Potato moth (Rhthorimaea orerculella Zye11), Colorado potato beetle, or potato beetle (Leptinotarsa ​​decemlineata Say), Potato stem nematode (Longidorus Mie and Thichodorus Cobb families) and potato nematode (Klibodera family) are the most dangerous quarantine objects for potato plant. The quantity and quality of potato crop depends on the degree of its infestation with pests and diseases. Sometimes about 40-50 percent of the crop is destroyed by pests and diseases.

Therefore, to a certain extent to reduce or prevent potato pests and diseases is one of the important issues of potato growing. For a high yield of potatoes on a regular basis it is necessary to carry out preventive and destructive measures against pests and diseases. Measures against diseases and pests should be aimed at preventing their spread and increasing the plant's resistance to them. They consist of a variety of agronomic measures and seed disinfection. Agrotechnological control measures should include the use of health, application of phosphorus, especially potassium fertilizers to the soil, extra-root feeding of plants with copper, boron and manganese micronutrients. Unilateral nitrogen feeding exacerbates the disease. Seed tubers should be planted in light conditions, pulling more and thicker soil under the bush. Due to the high incidence and disease of potatoes, all agro-technical measures to protect plants during its cultivation should be carried out at a high level, as well as to prevent the effects of abiotic and biotic pests.

Fighting measures

Fighting measures will be aimed at eradicating emerging diseases and pests. They consisted of treating plants with toxins, applying contaminated food, using biological drugs and entomophagous. In this case, special drugs are used for each disease. When the number of pests and pathogens approaches economic damage, they are treated.

Preventive control measures.

Deep tillage is also an important way to prevent the spread of disease. In this case, the top layer of soil, which is rich in diseases, is buried in the deepest part of the earth, their development is recorded. In order to prevent the spread of diseases, it is important to control weeds in the areas where potatoes are planted and in the vicinity, on the edges of roadsides and irrigation ditches. While weeds are a source of many diseases, especially viral, as well as pests, they are exacerbated by viral carrier-infective damage.

Organizational, economic, agrotechnical, preventive and preventive measures and methods of control of potato diseases include: organization of seed production in mountainous and foothill areas; selection and use in the production of disease-resistant early maturing varieties; obtaining seed ends based on apical or meristem tissue; use of healthy seedlings obtained on the basis of selection for planting and reproduction of clones; to prevent the spread of disease and damage to the seed pods and, if necessary, to take appropriate measures; application of high agro-technical measures; the application of potato growing technology as seedlings and two-crop crops, and measures to organize seed production, aimed at reducing infection in the soil, maintaining the resistance of potatoes to viral diseases. The creation of potato varieties resistant to viral diseases is one of the most important measures in the fight against the most dangerous common diseases of this disease and is of great importance.