A. Navoi is the author of the first Turkish "Khamsa".
Describe the characters of the epic "Farhad and Shirin".
Key words and phrases: Khamsanavis poets, the creation of the Turkish "Khamsa" in Uzbek literature, the image of Farhad, Shirin, Mehnbanu, glorification of human qualities such as hard work and loyalty to a friend.
Alisher Navoi's dreams about a perfect person were expressed in the character of Farhad in the second epic of "Khamsa".
This topic is actually old and goes back to certain historical figures. He was previously more popular in the form of Khusrav and Shirin. The love of the beautiful Shirin of the Iranian king Khusrau Parvez, who came to the throne in 590 and was killed in 628, is recorded in many historical works. Historian Tabari (died in 923) reports that she was "Khusrav's most beloved wife." According to Balami (died 996), there was no woman more beautiful than her. Anyway, many stories and legends are woven about this beautiful princess who proved her love by her death. Even the Arab traveler Yakut (1179-1229) reports that he saw with his own eyes the inscriptions written by Darius on Behustun mountain about Shirin's love. For the first time in written literature, Firdavsi wrote a saga about him and included it in "Shahnoma". And Nizami turned it into a special romantic adventure saga. It was also translated into Turkish by Qutb in the XNUMXth century.
According to the Nizami, Khusrau was the desired son of the Iranian king Khormuzd. Shapur, one of his close friends, came across Shirin's tree while he was traveling around the world. Making his way, he informs him about Khusrav. They can't see each other for a long time and are in love in absentia. On top of that, Khusrau is busy with throne worries and forgets about Shirin. In the process of building a castle and digging a ditch in Shirin, Farhad (he is a burden on Firdavsi) enters the work. He falls in love with Shirin. It will finish the construction in a short period of time. Shirin orders to scatter jewels on Farhad. Farhad does not care about them and goes to the desert with Shirin's imagination. These words reach the ears of Khusrav. There will be a question and answer between Khusrav and Farhad. Farhad does not give up his love. Khusrav cheats and kills Farhad. Shirin is deeply affected by Farhad's death. Finally, after a long conflict, Khusrav and Shirin reach each other. However, Khusrav's son Sheruya from his Romanian wife Mariam sees Shirin and falls in love. He kills his father and wants to marry Shirin. Shirin enters Khusrav's grave and kills himself with a dagger.
Khusrav Dehlavi followed Nizami's footsteps in his "Shirin va Khusrav". But Farhad added some details to his image. For example, there is no information about Farhad's origin in Nizami. In Khusrav Dehlavi, he is the son of Khan Khan of Chin. Shirin and Farhad's first meetings are also different.
Navoi calls the epic of creativity and love in "Farkhod and Shirin" an "epic of joy". He considers love to be the essence of human life. This love is not only human, but also divine. It is very difficult to separate these two concepts. Often they complement each other.
The poet has his own point of view about artistic creation. One epic should not repeat another. It is not worthy of poetry to repeat what was written by another artist. He turned around and picked flowers. It is not advisable to go to that place and look for flowers. After all, there are no flowers in this Boston scene. For this reason, Navoi has certain objections to the previous commentators. The most important thing is that Navoi does not consider Khusrav, the hero of their epics, worthy of Shirin's love. He is not a perfect person, nor is he worthy of Shirin, because he is unstable in love, besides, he also has a love for the throne. For this reason, Navoi takes Farhad as the central character in his epic. This was the biggest innovation that Navoi introduced to Khamshalik.
I hope this is a blessing for you.
Erur Farhad's interview is good.
The poet writes in another place.
Those who smoke, leave this place
They were confused, praise be to Khusrav.
That is, those who drank from this place (those who wrote epics on this subject) became the praises of Khusrav from head to toe.
So, the destruction of Navoi's saga, its content will completely change, and now Farhad will be at the center of it. Some researchers call it a poetic novel.
Epics were written about Farhad even before Navoi. For example, in 1369, a poet named Arif Ardabeli wrote the epic "Farkhodnoma" in Azerbaijan. However, it is unknown to what extent Navoi was aware of it. Navoi does not mention her name in the introduction to "Farhad and Shirin".
The events of the play began with the childlessness of the Khan of Chin, and his endless prayers were accepted, and the god gave him a son. Navoi pays special attention to his growth, upbringing, father-child relationship, they give him a name. The name is also not random. Deeply meaningful, meaningful. It means both happiness and suffering of Khakan. The boy begins to grow. Grows up unlike others. Because he was a born lover. At the age of ten, he mastered all the sciences, and has the strength and energy of a 20-year-old boy. When the young man reaches the age, Farhad is taken in grief. People around are surprised and worried. Entertainment does not help. With advice, they will build four castles according to the four seasons of the year. At the same time, Farhod learns the secrets of stone carving from Koran, architecture from Boni, and painting from Moni. This is how Navoi bases the history of Farhad's mastery of the art of stonemasonry given as a lazha (episode) in Nizami's and Dehlavi's sagas.
Castles end. Seasonal royal parties begin, but there will be no change in Farhad. The father uses the last resort. What if he gives the throne? Maybe the affairs of the kingdom will distract him from his grief and distract him. So the king wants to give the throne to his son. But in the circle of the wise, every work has its own direction. Every work, action should be justified in every way, based on iron logic. Why does the king want to give the throne to his son while he is still alive? Why is the son of Temuti rejecting him, instead of clinging to the throne with all his might, like princes? Navoi needs this educational aspect of the matter. The great poet believes that the relationship between the king and the prince should be built on the basis of the duties of father and son to each other, and he wants to show the relationship between Hakan and Farhad as an example to his contemporaries. Whatever I wished for, Allah gave me everything, and whatever country I turned to, I took the throne under my command. There is no limit to my wealth. There was only one dream in my heart: childlessness. After me, the responsibility of the heir to my property. Praise be to Allah that you were born. You have become a thousand times more perfect than I thought, says the king to his son, and the speech goes slowly to the goal. He says that he is over fifty and approaching sixty, and his strength is slowly going away.
You can't hide the guilt of old age,
Babur is old, it is impossible to feed him.
If an old man pretends to be a boy, he will be embarrassed. Shaving for the sake of being a boy is like shaving for one's own mourning. So, no matter how many tricks a person uses after getting old, he cannot return to the street of youth. Although I am complaining about my life, I have a lot to be thankful for. Can a person who is the father of a child like you be sad even when he dies, continues the king. Finally the king moved on to the original goal.
A poet intervenes in the event. He evaluates Shah's offer, which he has reached to an impossible level, by such an analogy.
This party is full of joy, prince
The king was bitter.
The prince is not inferior to the king in intelligence, manners, morals, and culture. He will be worthy of his father's honor.
After the king forbids any excuse, what is the limit for me to fight, - begins the son. - But the work is great, and I am young. I have come so far with fun, laughter, and fun. If the king will give me two years of grace, if I will stay with him and learn about state affairs, if my mistakes will be corrected.
After that, Farhad began to be introduced to the affairs of the kingdom. While the prince is looking at the treasure, his eyes fall on the crystal chest and things take a violent turn.
Naturally, they try to keep the chest away from Farhad's eyes. And Farhad's knowledge comes. One aspect of him as a perfect man is revealed here. He politely rejects all objections and on this occasion makes his famous statement about the great power of the human mind.
Remember:
He said: Every act of love, my people,
We are intelligent people.
All the events related to the opening of the magical chest-window, in particular, the events of going to the Greek country and overcoming three disasters, and the events of Socrates' meeting with the judge, are rich in romantic colors.
Socrates informs Farhad about his future. Both types of love - metaphorical (human) and real (divine) love - foretell the future of her. The true beloved is him (God), but to reach him, you have to walk the path. There are countless sorrows and sorrows this year. But no matter how much a person walks, he cannot cross this road. For this, a person must first renounce his identity, destroy it, and then search for that beloved. One solution to this is metaphorical love. Figurative love is a bright morning, true love is a shining sun. Figurative love makes the body freeze like hay, eternal love turns to ashes with a single spark. Your love in front is figurative. He will spread your voice to the world, you will be the king of lovers. Finally, true love, the throne of truth will come. A hundred thousand Caesars will be removed from the minds of men, and your good Horse will remain.
Saying these words and showing the way, Socrates gives up his life.
Farhad returns home. He looks at the mirror. A love affair begins. He goes on a long adventure with hardships to the land of Armenia, to the land of Mehnbanu. He digs a ditch, carries water, digs a pond, builds a castle. He wins the love of Shirin with his work and intelligence. King Khusrav intervenes. He captures Farhad with a trick. Finally, it destroys him in the same way. Sheruya, the son of Khusrau, is thirsty for Shirin, and in order to get her, he kills his father. Shirin died on top of Farhad's grave. Mehnbanu, who could not bear this, also dies. Their dovrugue reaches Chin's property. However, both the Khan and his mother died waiting for Farhad. He comes looking for his relative Bahram Farhad, who reigns in Khaqan's place, and establishes justice in Armenia with intelligence.
The advice given to Prince Shahgharib at the end of the epic and the final chapter clearly show that the image of Farhad became an example and example for all the princes of the poet's time. Indeed, Farhad is Navoi's ideal. He is perfect in every way - both physically and spiritually. One of his most important features is to do good to people, to ease people's burdens. In a word, humanity.
The epic "Farhod and Shirin" has become one of the most beautiful examples of our written epics, both in terms of the charm of the described story and in terms of the passionate writing.
Especially, because the events related to water supply to the waterless places in the epic corresponded to the centuries-old dreams of our people, this work became very famous among the people. The number of places and addresses named after Farhad and Shirin increased.
