July 1 is the Independence Day of the Republic of Burundi

  The Republic of Burundi (French: Respublique du Burundi) is a country in Central Africa. The area is 27,8 thousand sq. Km. The capital is Bujumbura. Administratively, it is divided into 15 regions. The state system is the Republic. The head of state is the president. As a result of the coup d'etat of July 1996, 25, the 1992 Constitution and the National Assembly and the activities of the parties were suspended. In September, the National Assembly and party activities resumed. On July 1998, 18, the National Assembly was replaced by the Transitional National Assembly. Nature. Burundi is located in the northwest of the East African mountains. Crystalline and metamorphic rocks formed up to the Cambrian lie on the surface. The relief is mainly flat. To the east, between the Nile and the Congo River Basin, there is a watershed ridge with an altitude of 2000–2500 m. In the southeast of the plateau, steep cliffs formed in the Malagarasi River valley. There are deposits of nickel, cobalt, platinum, titanium, copper, magnesium, vanadium, tin in the center and east of the country. The climate is subequatorial. The average monthly temperature is 24 ° in the river valleys and 18-20 ° in the plateaus. The average annual rainfall is 800-1600 mm. There are 2 dry (March-May, October-December) and 2 dry (June-September, January-February) seasons throughout the year. The rivers are in the Nile and Congo basins and are rich in hydropower, but they are not navigable. The major rivers are Ruvuvu, Akanyaru, Malagarasi, Ruzizi. The main soil is fertile red mountain soil. In the valley of the Ruzizi River, tropical black and saline soils are found. The vegetation is mainly savannas, and the watershed ridges are covered with tropical forests. The fauna is rich in birds, reptiles and insects. Elephants, hippos, buffalo, deer and monkeys are found. National parks - Kivira, Ruzizi, Ruvuvu. Population of. The main inhabitants of Burundi are the Rundi and the Rwandans, who are divided into the Hutu, Tutsi, and Tva ethnic groups; Europeans and Asians also live there. 62% of the population are Catholics, 32% follow local traditional religions, and 6% are Muslims. The official languages ​​are Kirund and French. 6,3% of the population lives in cities. Major cities: Bujumbura, Gitega, Muramvya. History. The territory of Burundi has long been inhabited by the Bantu and Pygmy tribes, and in the XV-XVI centuries by the warlike nomadic-pastoral tribes belonging to the Ethiopian category. According to sources, the first kingdoms were formed in 1558 in what is now Burundi. Ntare united the khanates on May 1 and established a strong state. The provinces were ruled by princes. At the end of the XNUMXth century, European missionaries entered the country. In 1899, Burundi was annexed by Germany to East Africa. During World War I in 1916, Burundi was occupied by the Belgian army. The Treaty of Versailles was transferred to Belgium under the name of Burundi in accordance with the decision of the United Nations. The state was ruled by a king (mvami) under the control of a Belgian resident. The colonialists forced the population to grow export goods such as coffee and cotton. The people of Burundi fought a long struggle against the colonialists. This struggle culminated in the national liberation movement that began in Africa after World War II. In the late 50s, the liberation movement in Burundi began to take on an organizational character. Political organizations have emerged in the country. The National Development and Unity Party, formed in 1959, demanded that Burundi be given the right to self-government, followed by the end of the colonial regime. The people expressed goodwill to the party. The Belgian rulers agreed to set up local governments to manage the liberation struggle. At the same time, it provoked mutual strife between different parties and organizations, pitting the tribes against each other. But the working masses did not weaken the struggle for freedom. Eventually, the colonialists were forced to recognize the independence of Burundi. Declared independent on July 1962, 1. In November 1966, the monarchy was overthrown and the republic was proclaimed. Member of the UN since 1962. On January 1992, 6, it recognized the sovereignty of the Republic of Uzbekistan. National holiday - July 1 - Independence Day (1962). Political parties and trade unions. Unity and National Development Party (UPRONA), founded in 1959; The Front for Democracy in Burundi, founded in 1986. The Burundian Workers Union is a trade union, formed in 1967. Farm. Burundi is an economically underdeveloped agrarian country. Industry accounts for 13% of GDP and agriculture for 48,5%. 90% of the working population is engaged in agriculture (mainly farming and animal husbandry). Wheat, white oats, corn, bananas, millet, cassava, tea are grown. Coffee and cotton are Burundi's main export crops. Cattle, goats, sheep are fed. Fishing from Lake Tanganyika. The Burundian industry has now entered a stage of development. There are medium and small industrial enterprises in the country that process agricultural products. There are coffee and cotton gins, peanut oil production, agricultural equipment, soap, lacquer and paint factories, and shoe and furniture factories. There is no railway in Burundi. Internal and external cargo is transported by road (6,3 thousand km) as well as water and air. Ships ply Lake Tanganyika (the main port is Bujumbura). It exports coffee, cotton, leather products, cattle, tin concentrate and imports textiles, food, oil products and vehicles. It trades with Belgium, USA, Germany, UK and other countries. Currency - Burundi franc. Medical service, public education, cultural-educational and scientific institutions. Burundi has about 4,5 hospitals with more than 30 beds and more than 120 medical centers. By 1962, 98% of the population was illiterate. Since 1967, education in public schools has been free. Burundi has 6-year primary schools and 6-7-year secondary schools. School teachers are trained at the University and Higher Pedagogical School in Bujumbura. Burundi also has the Agricultural Institute (founded in 1958). Scientific institutions: Institute of Agricultural Research, National Center for Hydrometeorology, Medical Research Laboratory. Bujumbura has a university library and a public library, and the National Museum in Gitega. In 1969, the Burundi Cultural Center was opened in Bujumbura. Press, radio and television. Major newspapers and magazines in Burundi: Renuvo du Burundi (Revival of Burundi, French-language daily government newspaper, since 1978), Ubumve (Birlik, Kerundi weekly, since 1971), Bulletin economic refinancing ”(“ Economic and financial bulletin ”, published twice a month in French),“ Guide ”(“ Guide ”, monthly bulletin in French and Kerundi, since 2)“ Kyultyur e sosyete ”(“ Culture ”) and society ”, a quarterly French-language magazine, since 1970). Burundi Press Agency - BAP was established in 1978. Burundi National Radio and Television was founded in 1976. Architecture and Fine Arts. Most of the people's dwellings consist of round huts made of twigs, surrounded by twigs, reeds and hay, and the roof is covered with straw. The inside of the hut is divided by a reed board. The village forts are scattered on the hills and hillsides. From the 50s onwards, rectangular, porch and windowed dwellings emerged. It has become customary to cover the roof with a double slope. Modern European buildings began to be built in Bujumburas. In the arts and crafts, weaving of objects of different sizes and shapes, such as mats, baskets, pots, lids, has been developed. The items are decorated with various patterns. They make statues of people and animals, shields and arrows, and holsters out of wood. Music. Burundi's traditional musical culture is characterized by a variety of song genres and musical instruments. There are various rituals, funerals and unique music dedicated to the birth of a child.

  Information: National Encyclopedia of Uzbekistan. Tashkent. 2000.