Date of birth: 1201 years
Date of death: 1274
In the field of exact sciences, Central Asian scientists have published many scientific works in the IX-XVIII centuries
with great innovations, especially in astronomy and mathematics. East for nine centuries
This has led to the emergence of great cultural cities in Central Asia, including other countries
scientific schools and computer science centers were established in the cities. Out of them
originated in three scientific schools, the main focus of which was astronomical research
the discoveries are noteworthy.
Translation hol
The first scientific school was established in the XIII century in Maragha, the capital of South Azerbaijan.
The scientific director of the school was Nosiriddin Tusi. At his request, in 1259 Huloguhon
built an observatory. Because the khan also had his own interests in it, that is, various military campaigns
and identify lucky days to perform other administrative activities and identify such days
he had asked the scientists to compile a predictive table-horoscope. Such
and the construction of tables required certain astronomical observations.
However, due to the zeal and enthusiasm of Nosiriddin Tusi, the observatory was built in the XNUMXth century.
became a major scientific center and left an indelible mark on history. Of the medieval historian Rashididdin
reported that the observatory had about a hundred employees. Azerbaijani scientist
In the work of H. Mamedbeyli "Nosiriddin Tusi - the founder of the Maroga Observatory"
a list of 21 astronomers who worked at the observatory.
Tusi went down in history as an encyclopedic scholar. His Mathematics and Astronomy “Algebra and
a treatise on computational problems in almuqobala »,« Memoirs of Nosiriddin from astronomy »,
Physics, "Treatise on the Refraction and Return of Light," "Treatise on Hot and Cold," and others
"Tansiqnomai Elkhoniy" ("Elkhan mineralogy"), dedicated to Huloguhon in the field of science
On the subject of pedagogy, "Akhlaqi Nosiri", on the basis of logic, wrote "Asos al-Iqtibas" ("Knowledge
foundations ”) and other works are a valuable legacy.
Within the scientific heritage of the scientist, the great astronomical work "Ziji Elkhoniy" ("Elkhan")
ziji »), which was dedicated to Huloguhon (Huloguhon's nickname was Elkhan). In this game
the geographical coordinates of the many major cities listed, the coordinates of the stars, the Sun, the Moon
and tables depicting the movements of other planets, to the Ulugbek Observatory in the fifteenth century
in a large astronomical instrument until these data are determined, i.e., more than two hundred years
became a daily dictionary used by astronomers around the world.
In his work, the scientist is a famous Greek astronomer, the founder of the geocentric theory of the structure of the universe
To the movement of K. Ptolemy (author of the famous "Almajisti") Moon and Utorud (Mercury)
challenging his dedicated theory and proposing his own relatively easy calculation method.
Tusi's observatory in Maragha is the largest that operated in the Middle Ages and became world famous
is one of the observatories and his contribution to the development of Eastern astronomy is invaluable.
In 1935-1937, the remains of the observatory were discovered by archaeologist P. Varjivand and his students Murtazavi and
The following information about its original dimensions was obtained by studying the Haydars:
It is 510 meters long, 217 meters wide and 110 meters high.
On the basis of the excavations of P.Varjivand, scientists of the University of Tabriz are the main observatory Maroga
"Telescope" - the radius of the quadrant - 18,4 meters, the diameter of the base rotation - 22,8 meters,
and found that the wall thickness was 80 centimeters.
Tusi in the book of the Arab scholar Al-Ordizi, kept in the National Library of France
information about 10 astronomical instruments of the observatory.
After Tusi's death (1274), his eldest son, Sadriddin Abul Hasan ibn, entered the observatory.
Nosiriddin led the way.
The second scientific school of the East was founded in the XV century in Samarkand by Mirzo Ulugbek
was found. It should be noted that the first scientific school - Maragha Observatory is from the Samarkand Observatory
Due to the fact that it was built and commissioned 150 years ago, the construction and commissioning of the Ulugbek Observatory
from the many positive experiences of the Tusi Observatory in landing, including scientific work
was widely used in planning and comparing the results obtained.
