Ali ibn Abu Talib ra

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Ali ibn Abu Talib was born in the house of Abu Talib, the uncle of the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him). At that time, the Messenger of Allah (saw) was thirty-two years old. Hadrat Ali's father, Abu Talib, was one of the great and famous people of the Quraysh. Abu Talib called his nephew the Prophet in the most difficult and difficult times. he defended when his situation became tense. Abu Talib was a man of many children. Before the Prophet was sent, his uncle, Hamza ibn Abdulmuttalib, agreed to take care of his son. Abbas Hamza's Ali began to grow up in the rooms of Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him).

Hazrat Ali's colors were wheat-colored, hilly, and his hair was only on the back of his head. His hair and beard were white. He was a man with dark eyes, broad shoulders, rough palms, a belly, close to fullness, of medium height, with visible teeth, and a beautiful face, if he walked, he could carry his body. . He helped his parents in all their affairs.

He is the first of the children to accept the religion brought by our Prophet (saas).

From a young age, Ali grew up away from all sorts of ignorant people. He was ten years old when he converted to Islam. One day, his father saw Abu Talib Ali praying with Muhammad (pbuh) in one of the canyons of Mecca and asked his son:

"Son, do you believe in the religion your uncle brought you?"

Ali said:

- Father, I believed and affirmed that my uncle Muhammad (pbuh) was a prophet of Allah. As you can see now, I prayed for Allah and followed him.

Abu Talib said:

"If he started you for good." keep it necessary. Ali loved and respected his uncle Muhammad and helped him in some of his affairs. Abul Qasim (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) had laid Ali in his place on the night of his migration from Mecca.

 

* * *

Hazrat Ali (pbuh) recalls his migration from Makkah to Madinah as follows:

'When the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, emigrated to Madinah, he told me to stay in Makkah. Because I had to convey the trust that the Prophet (saas) had to give to the Quraysh. The Quraysh described the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) as “Amin”. I climbed Mount Qubays three times and said, “Whoever has a trust in Muhammad, let him come and take it. After completing the deposits, I followed the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him). When I reached the house of Amr ibn Awf, where he had settled, I settled in the courtyard of Gulsum ibn Khidam.

After the arrival of the Messenger of Allah (saw) in Madinah, the construction of the mosque began. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) laid the bricks first, then Abu Bakr, 'Umar,' Uthmaan and 'Ali. With the strength and unity of the Muslims, the mosque was completed in a short time. After that, our Prophet (saas) called the Muhajireen and the Ansar to be brothers. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) himself established a bond of brotherhood with Ali ibn Abu Talib.

 

* * *

When Fatima, the daughter of the Prophet (saas), turned 18, the suitors did not stop.

Abu Bakr and 'Umar were highly respected in the presence of the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) and wanted to be close to the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him). In this regard, 'Uthman ibn Affan surpassed both. Hadrat 'Uthman was fortunate enough to marry Ruqiyah, the daughter of the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him). After the battle of Badr and the death of Ruqiya, the Prophet gave his second daughter, Umm Gulsum, to 'Uthman.

One day Abu Bakr came to the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) and said:

He said, 'O Messenger of Allah, you know my sincerity and example in Islam.

The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said without understanding what he meant:

"What happened?" Siddiq said:

"I wanted to marry Fatima."

Abu Bakr's suggestion showed signs of displeasure on the face of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. They even turned their faces away. Abu Bakr then went to 'Umar and narrated the incident.

"O 'Umar, I'm done." 'Umar asked:

"What happened?"

'I asked the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, his daughter Fatima. He turned his back on me.

'Umar ibn Khattab said:

"I'll finish what you did." I ask what you ask.

After that, 'Umar went to the mosque. He went to the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) and said, “O Messenger of Allaah, you know my sincerity and example in Islam, I am I.” His tongue did not change.

Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) asked:

"What happened?" 'Umar said:

"I wanted to marry Fatima."

Hatamul the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) turned his face away from him.

'Umar narrated to Abu Bakr what had happened.

- Of course, he is waiting for Allah's judgment in this matter. Let us go to Ali and let him ask us what we asked the Messenger of Allah.

They both went to Ali. He was pruning palm branches. Hadrat Abu Bakr Siddiq suggested, "It would be better for you to marry your uncle's daughter."

Siddiq and Farooq encouraged her to marry. He also hesitated a little, remembering the incident with Abu Bakr and 'Umar. Then he took a risk and set off. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) went and sat on the lamb and said:

He said, 'O Messenger of Allah, you know my example in Islam, I am I,' and his language did not change.

The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) asked him:

"Why did you come, Ali?"

Ali said, "Give me Fatima." The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) asked Ali:

"Do you have anything?" Ali ibn Abu Talib said:

- No.

The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said:

"Where's your armored shield?" Ali ibn Abu Talib said:

"On my own."

The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said:

"Sell him," they said.

Ali ibn Abu Talib sold his shield for 480 dirhams and brought the money to the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him). He took some of the money and gave it to Bilal:

"Bilal, bring some good things for this money." The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) ordered Fatima to marry. They gave the future bride a bed, a palm-skinned pillow covered with leather, and a house covered with sand underneath. Then they said to Ali:

"Don't tell her anything until you marry her." After the daughters of the Prophet (saas) came with Fatima Umm Ayman, she married Ali.

Allah gave Ali the grandson of the Messenger of Allah, Hasan. After that, they started calling Hazrat Ali Abul Hasan. Then Allah also gifted Hussein.

Hazrat Ali was with our Prophet on many trips. He took part in the Battle of Uhud and the Day of the Trench. The Arab cavalry killed Amr ibn Abdu Wood. Abul Hasan (ra) was writing down the terms of the agreement between the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) and Suhayl ibn 'Amr on the day the truce was signed.

Abul Hasan was a strong-willed, strong-willed, courageous and self-conquering man. On the day of Badr, Hadrat Ali fought in the battles of Uhud and Khandaq. If he entered the battle, he would step in quickly, not be afraid of enemies, and everyone would admire his bravery.

On the day of Khaybar, Sadiq al-Masduq said:

"I'll give this flag to someone tomorrow morning." He will conquer in the way of Allah. He loves Allah and His Messenger. Allah and His Messenger also love him.

Before the Muslims went to sleep, the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, went to bed wondering who he would give the flag to tomorrow. Will Hadrat Abu Bakr Siddiq get it? Or will Umar ibn Khattab take it? The debate continued until the flag was raised.

The people came to the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, to see who would receive the flag. Every Companion present here hoped to receive the flag. Who is the lucky one that the Prophet (saas) prophesied? He who receives the flag loves Allah and His Messenger. Allah and His Messenger also love him.

The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said:

"Where is Ali ibn Abu Talib?"

The Companions said that his eye was sore. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said:

"Send him a man to come."

Abul Hasan prayed for his recovery when he came to him. With the permission of Allah and the blessings of the Messenger of Allah (saas), Ali's eyes were healed.

Hatamul the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) gave the flag to Ali. Abul Hasan said:

"I'll fight them until they get on the right path." The Imam said:

"Send ambassadors to them and call them to Islam." Then recognize the rights of Allah, which are due to them. By Allah, if Allah guides one of them because of you, it is better for you than the world and everything.

Hazrat Ali was always with him in the expeditions of Hatam al-Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him). Only in the Battle of Tabuk did our Prophet Ali become the governor of his family and the Muslims. When 'Ali saw that the incentive to fight in the cause of Allah was strong, the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) comforted Ali and said:

"You are to me as Aaron was to Moses."

Only a prophet will not come after me.

 

* * *

The Companions and the followers agreed that Abul Hasan was a leader in jurisprudence, fatwas and judgment.

The previous caliph, Abu Bakr, the Commander of the Faithful, 'Umar, and the third caliph,' Uthman, turned to Ali in resolving difficult and difficult issues. He used to say about Foruq Ali:

"Ali is our judge."

Abul Hasan sought refuge in Allah in resolving any issue. This is confirmed by the following words of 'Umar:

"If it were not for Ali, 'Umar would have died."

'Abdullah ibn' Abbas, who was honored as a translator of the Qur'an, said:

- Nine-tenths of the knowledge was given to Ali ibn Abu Talib, and the rest he shared with others.

A man came to Abu Hafsa and asked:

"O Commander of the Faithful, where does Umrah begin?"

"Ask Ali."

Aisha, the mother of the believers, asked:

- Who gave you the fatwa on fasting on the day of Ashura?

They said, 'Ali ibn Abu Talib.' 'A'isha, the teacher of the generations, said:

- He knows circumcision better than others. The great Companion Abdullah ibn Mas'ud said:

- Ali ibn Abu Talib is the one who knows the fard in Medina.

Abul Hasan (ra) used to say:

"Ask me. By Allah, if you ask me anything, I will inform you." Ask me about the Book of Allah. I know every verse every time - whether it was revealed at night or during the day, in a valley or on a mountain.

 

* * *

After the execution of Uthman ibn Affan, the Commander of the Faithful, many of the great Companions began to pledge allegiance to Ali ibn Abu Talib. This event took place in the month of Dhu'l-Hijjah, 35 AH. Of the great Companions, Zubayr ibn Awwam and Talha ibn Ubaydullah were the first to pledge allegiance. Then he renounced the pledge of allegiance given by these two Companions and went to Basra with Aisha, the mother of the believers. These people expressed their dissatisfaction with the fact that Hazrat Ali was delaying the punishment of Zunnurayn’s killers and was not demanding a diet. Thus a large team gathered around the two. Ali ibn Abu Talib, the Commander of the Faithful, was forced to meet the two. Despite many attempts, a rift arose between the two Muslim communities. It brought the Jamal incident to history.

Ali, who had been brought up by the Messenger of Allah (saw), won. In this battle, our mother Aisha, a believer, was captured. But Abul Hasan, respecting the Umm al-Mu'minin, respectfully followed him to the city of the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him). Some of the great Companions associated women with Aisha (ra) in men's clothing.

 

* * *

When Mu'awiyah ibn Abu Sufyan saw that his army was weakening, he resorted to deceit. He ordered his soldiers to carry the Koran with the point of their spears and swords during the battle of Siffin. He suggested judging the conspiracy with the Book of Allah.

Faqih Abul Hasan understood this conspiracy devised by Amr ibn As and Muawiya and warned his army against this conspiracy. But as the situation softened, Iraqis turned against him. Ali ibn Abu Talib realized that a ruse had been used in making this ruling. The case eventually seemed to end with Ali agreeing with Abu Musa al-Ash'ari and Mu'awiyah with Amr ibn 'As as the judge.

The referee of both sides met. These two judges were different. Because Abu Musa al-Ash'ari was a man who did not know cunning and deception, who was far from politics. He did not notice that deceit was being used here. Amr ibn 'As, on the other hand, was a master of trickery. Its owner, Mu'awiyah ibn Abu Sufyan, was no exception.

Amr ibn 'As did not rush to trap Abu Musa al-Ash'ari and bring him down. When 'Amr ibn' As met Abu Musa al-Ash'ari, they both offered to relieve their master of the caliphate and leave the matter to the Muslim community to choose whomever they wished as caliph. Abu Musa agreed and went to the congregation.

Abu Musa al-Ash'ari was deceived and complied with his offer. He had not the slightest suspicion that the Arab cunning Amr ibn As had a different intention.

Therefore, Abu Musa agreed to the offer and ascended the pulpit, announcing the dismissal of his master Ali ibn Abu Talib from the caliphate. The people witnessed it. Amr ibn 'As then ascended the pulpit and agreed with Abu Musa to support the removal of Ali ibn Abu Talib from the caliphate, and announced that his master, Mu'awiyah ibn Abu Sufyan, remained in the caliphate.

Hazrat Ali lost in the political negotiations. Abul Hassan repeatedly tried to restore his military power. But he could not do it.

Ali's caliphate was marked by conspiracies and constant wars. Uthman ibn Affan (may Allah be pleased with him) continued some of the conquests started by Abu Bakr Siddiq and Umar al-Faruq in the early years. It was not possible to continue the conquest during the time of Ali ibn Abu Talib. He did not shy away from internal strife and reform.

 

* * *

After Hazrat Ali lost to Muawiya in the political negotiations, a dispute arose between his army. A group of Muslims left the army and declared themselves "Khawarij." They consisted of the inhabitants of Basra and Kufa. The Khawarij had no choice but to assassinate the Caliph Ali ibn Abu Talib and hired Abdurahman ibn Maljam. Abdurahman ibn Maljam was a very fanatical of the Khawarij. He hid in the mosque, waiting for the arrival of Ali. When 'Ali went to the mosque for Fajr prayer, he suddenly threw himself at him and struck him on the head with his sword. They grabbed Ibn Maljam and tied him up.

Hadrat Ali then turned to the people and said, “Soul, blood, if I die, kill him as he killed me. If I survive, I will think about what to do. O Bani Abdu Muttalib, do not shed the blood of Muslims on the pretext that the Admiral has killed a believer. Only one killer killed me. O Hasan, if he dies because of this blow, kill him with the same blow. I heard the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) say, 'Beware of torture, even if it is a rabid dog.'

Ali ibn Abu Talib, the Commander of the Faithful, died on one of the nineteenth nights of Ramadan in the fortieth year of the Hijrah. He was sixty-three years old at the time. He ruled the caliphate for less than three and a half months and five years.

 From the book "Followers of the Messenger of Allah" by Abdulaziz Shanavi (Tashkent, Movarounnahr, 2008) taken.
Translator: Ilhom Elmurodov