The law is an instrument of the Near and Middle Eastern countries. In particular, there is information that the instrument of law was invented by Farobi as an instrument expressing the laws of music theory. This instrument is widely used in Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkey, East Turkestan, Central Asia.
It was written by Darvishali Changi in the XNUMXth century "Musical Treatise" It is noted that the law is one of the ancient musical instruments. This instrument was not used in our country since the 30s of the 1978th century, and finally, in 1980-XNUMX, it was brought back to our country and started to be used again by Abdurahman Kholtojiyev, a skilled musician and artist who served in Uzbekistan.
As Farobi mentioned in the section on the harp in the book on musical instruments "Mazif" The sound of the instrument is similar to the harp in terms of direction, and its sound is produced by the vibration of open strings. Safiuddin Urmawi wrote in the XNUMXth century that there were two types of laws.
In the XNUMXth century "Kanz-al-tukhaf" An (anonymous) Persian treatise on law and nuzha is given with illustrations. According to the author, the law is made of plum tree or grape rust. The length of the lower part is 81 cm, the opposite short side is 45,5 cm, the slanted side is 74,25 cm. There were 13 triple strings in the law of that time. On the right side is the ear, and on the same side are the ears.
Nuzkha is twice as big as the law, made of boxwood, cypress or red willow. The upper part (dekasi) is made very thin, similar to that of oud sozi. A number of strings are triplets. They are drawn along the entire upper crust. Between them are single strings of different lengths. The ears are located on the left side of the instrument. Nuzkhani, like the law, was played on the fingers of both hands.
Structure of the law
The instrument currently in use is a multi-stringed, flat-faced, trapeze-looking instrument. It is 800-900 mm long and 380-400 mm wide, and is made of maple, mulberry, walnut, and apricot wood. A cover (deka) made of tree wood performs the main function. A small part of the deck is covered with animal or fish skin. There are three sound chambers in different flower shapes on the lid. The bottom cover and surround are mostly made of maple wood. Between the upper cover there are 24-25 (triple) intestines - thin strings, i.e. 72-75 pieces of strings. Strings are passed through the hole in the rectangular part and closed. The other side of the string is wound counter-clockwise to the wooden lugs, which can be turned with a special key in the triangular part, and adjusted until it is in tune. Strings are placed on top of the leather cover, and a long wooden stick is placed under it. On the other side, wires are passed between the shaytan kharak. Up to 1-2-3 specials next to the devil's claws "Urb" devices are placed. Urb devices allow you to raise and lower strings to a minor second, major second, and minor third while playing.
From instruments similar to law: in Russians Gusli, in Latvians Kuokle, in Estonia Kannell, in Latvia Concles, in Azerbaijan Cheng, in ukraine bandura, in Ossetians Duadastanon, in Western Europe Cymbal is held as
They enforce the law with a mediator and a mediator. It is performed by wearing a mediator between the finger and the nail. Mediator is 30-40 mm long and 1,5-2 mm thick, and 0,5-0,7 mm wide. The nail is 25-30 mm long and 10-15 mm wide, and is made of metal, which can be easily adjusted to the musician's hand.
