Another of the Uzbek folk instruments is the flute. The emergence of the flute instrument also dates back to ancient times. Uzbek folk instruments were formed in the embrace of ancient Eastern culture. During centuries of development, they have preserved their unique characteristics and tone. The flutes, trumpets, trumpets, trumpets and other wind instruments have come down to us in their traditional forms without any changes in their structure.
The flute instrument is widespread not only in Uzbekistan and Tajikistan, but also in Buryatia, the Republic of Mongolia, and China. This instrument has different names in different countries. For example: in Uzbekistan and Tajikistan pipe, In Buryat and Mangolia language, in China li is held as
Flute musical instrument is played in solo instruments, ensembles and orchestras. He plays the role of a leader in folk songs, statuses, and ensembles due to the wide range of his voice. According to the structure, it has six holes that can be closed with fingers, it has a diatonic sound system, and the total volume is the first octave. lya fourth octave from re up to Notes are written in treble clef. Full or half closing of the holes with fingers, half or full tonality. By blowing in different ways, high and low sounds are produced. Between the hole through which the flute is blown and the first hole closed with the fingers, there is another hole to which a piece of thin paper is glued (this is mainly used in China). This technique helps to make the sound waver. At the other end of the flute, four permanently open holes (two on the sides and two on the back) serve to soften the sounds of some curtains. The total length of the pipe is 500-600 mm, and it is made of wood, bail, reed and copper. Accordingly "Wooden flute", "Copper flute", "Bail flute" is called In recent years, a smaller type of flute has been used, which is a small flute "Flute Piccola" is called The sound of the flute is very pleasant. This instrument is played in two positions, i.e. sitting and standing. A flute of a piano or a wind instrument lya is tuned to the note.
The deceased performers, who had a deep place in the hearts of Shinavandas with their skillful playing of the flute: Abdugadir Ismailov, Saidjon Kalonov, Dadaali Soatkulov, Jamil Kamolov, Isoq Kadirov, Mahmud Muhamedov, Rabbim Hamdamov, Yusufjon Dadajonov, Ugoz Mahmudov and Yashin Hakkulov.
Each of our young students taking flute lessons should enjoy the lives of the above-mentioned masters and the enchanting melodies they played.
Famous flutists currently serving: Mirza Toyirov, Halimjon Jorayev, Shukrullo Akhmadjonov, Akhmadjon Sobirov, Abdulahad Ergashev, Ilhomjon Javdotov, Halimjon Sharipov, Mansur Jomurodov and others.
Trumpet
The appearance of the trumpet also dates back to the centuries before our era. At the end of the XNUMXth century, the local feudal dynasty of the Samonites managed to unify a large part of Central Asia. The capital of the state, Bukhara, has become a major cultural center. Even at that time there was solo nawaz and ensemble music performance. A special place was played in the music performed during the solemn ceremonies of courtiers. An ensemble was usually played by several trumpets, trumpets, and drums. The trumpet was mainly played at palace events, parties and weddings. The trumpet was often played together with trumpets, drums and circles.
By the XNUMXth century, flutes, trumpets, and other musical instruments took a strong place in performance practice. A number of musicologists have reached the stage of music performance. Ustaz Kurban Saadi, who is an accomplished performer, and ustoz Poyan were trumpet and drum players.
Darvish Ali's testimony shows that even at that time the parties in the palace did not pass without trumpets and trumpets.
In the second half of the 1844th century, August Fedorovich Eichhorn (born in XNUMX) collected Uzbek folk instruments, the author compared the trumpet to an ancient instrument with a reed blower, and the khoshnai to a double reed instrument. The Uzbeks accompanied such trumpets as skillfully as they accompanied a song.
Ensembles composed of four-timbered and percussion instruments, i.e. trumpets, trumpets, circles, and drums, are widely used in weddings in Tashkent, Kokan, Fergana, Andijan, Bukhara, Khorezm and other cities of Uzbekistan. They, that is, trumpet players, have been actively participating in the social life of the people, public, traditional holidays and family life.
At the moment, taking into account the capabilities of a single instrument-trumpet, special performance programs ("Surnay Irog'i", "Surnay Dugohi", "Surnay Qalandary", "Surnay Navosi", "Shodiyona", "Miskin"), such as Uzbek Folk songs are very popular. Among the famous trumpeters are Ashurali Mahram, a neighbor of Kokand and trumpeter, Ahmadjon Umurzakov, Khudoyberdi trumpeter from Khorezm.
By 1927, the number of trumpeters had increased considerably. By the second half of the XNUMXth century, along with the development of performance in Uzbek folk instruments, interest in folk instruments also increased. Nevertheless, efforts to improve the trumpet class are still ongoing.
The structure of the trumpet
Trumpet is an ancient woodwind instrument widely used among the Uzbek and Tajik peoples. It also has six holes that can be closed with the fingers of the left and right hands. The seventh hole is on the lower side and is closed with the thumb of the left hand. Volume is a small octave lya in the second octave from mi extended to Notes are written in treble clef as they are heard. Because of its loudness, the trumpet is played in the open air, at various ceremonies (without a microphone). In the making of the trumpet, they use apricot wood, and a special blower similar to a cane is installed.
Neighbor
The history of the appearance of the neighborhood also goes back to the distant past. Al-Farabi described the first examples of Koshnai in his musical treatise. The word Koshnai is derived from the Persian language and means double or two flutes. Koshnay musical instruments are performed individually, accompanied by an ensemble and accompanied by an orchestra.
At the beginning of the 1926th century, Uzbek folk musical ensembles included gijjak, tanbur, dutor, chang, rubob, flute, koshnay, and doyra. The troupe consisting of 21 performers was created in XNUMX by the famous statesman Muhyiddin Koryakubov and was directly led by him. Akhmadjon Umurzakov played bass in the troupe.
With the development of an applicator that allows the use of the chromatic sound line and the determination of a certain range, the need to teach in the conservatory on the specialty of the tone arose.
In 1948, a neighboring class was opened at the Tashkent State Conservatory, and its first graduates were N. Nig'matov and K. Odilov.
Since 1970, the neighboring class has been led by A. Odilov (dancer), and now it is led by M. Toyirov (piper).
The structure of the neighborhood
As for the structure of the neighbor: it consists of two reed tubes, and a special tongue is attached to them. To play the dulcimer, two pipes are blown into the same, and the corresponding seven holes in both pipes are pressed with the finger. The volume is in the first octave re in the second octave from Salt to (some famous neighbors second octave lya, si they produce even higher sounds). It is very convenient to play musical decorations (melisms) typical for Uzbek music in Koshnay. Among the people is the musician playing the tune next door "Neighbor" is held as
Ahmadjon Umurzakov, Ashurali Yusupov, among the famous neighbors in Uzbekistan (those who are grateful), Matrasul Matyokubov (born in 1958, teacher at Urgench Music Academy, first prize winner of the second republican status performers competition), talented young people, Bahrom Sobirov (born in 1945, composer of the "Bahor" ensemble) Yoldosh Tajiyev (born in 1960), teacher in Urgench and others.
Loudspeaker
Trumpet belongs to the group of wind instruments. The structure of the loudspeaker consists mainly of two or three parts. Its length is more than two meters, and the blowing part has a small hole at the end. When playing a trumpet instrument, the sounds are like intervals of a second, and sounds made of two different intervals are produced.
A pure fifth or minor seventh interval above the fundamental is played on the trumpet. The performance of the trumpet is mainly performed during holidays, solemn ceremonies, feasts, weddings, trumpets and drums are sometimes played to the accompaniment of a circle.
The sound of the speaker is very loud, probably because of this, "Navroz" invites people to gatherings on holidays and various seasonal festivals. A musician who plays tunes on a trumpet musical instrument Trumpeter is held as
Balabon.
Bolaman balaban, bolaman is one of the ancient Uzbek folk instruments. The history of the appearance of this instrument goes back to ancient times. There are also assumptions that it first appeared in the ancient Khorezm oasis of Central Asia. Because most of its performers are the people of Khorezm and their music performers. The balabon musical instrument is also usually made of mulberry or apricot wood. They develop it thoroughly. Its shape is similar to a trumpet, but a little smaller than it, and it is not surprising that its name comes from this. Bolaman means child of the trumpet. The balabon is 300 mm long, and it is made of reeds, which is fixed on the upper part (tongue), prepared and cut in the shape of P. Balabon has eight holes, seven of which are located on the top and one on the back. The hole at the back is at the top and is closed with the thumb of the left hand. The tone line is diatonic, in a minor octave re, reflat starting from and approaching up to three octaves.
Balabon can be played solo, as well as in ensembles and orchestras. On the other hand, the balaban instrument is also performed in Armenian, Georgian, and Dagestan folk music instruments. Just like our baby, but the name is different.
During the time of Muhammad Rahimkhan Feruz, the best musician was Yaqub Balabanchi, his friends Muhammad Yaqub Harrat, Abdurahmanbek, who was a violinist. These musicians have made a great contribution to the development of Khorezm music.
