Natural resources of Uzbekistan

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All the material resources that man receives from nature - underground resources, water, air, soil, plants, animals, etc. - are natural resources (wealth).

Protection of nature and natural resources of Uzbekistan - the rational use of mineral resources necessary for man, clean water and air, protection of soil from erosion, conservation and restoration of flora and fauna, as well as beautiful places (waterfalls, showers, spectacular landscapes, fountains, etc.).

 

But now, as a result of the impact of human activities on nature, the ecological situation in some districts of the country (Aral Sea, Surkhandarya Valley, Lower Zarafshan and Lower Amudarya) is deteriorating.

The energy, oil and gas, transport, chemical, metallurgical, and utilities sectors play a significant role in air pollution in Uzbekistan. If we say that 100% of the harmful compounds emitted by those enterprises, they are distributed as follows.

Uzbekistan produces about 2000 tons of pollutants (compounds) a year from industry and transport, of which more than 1300,1 tons are due to transport. Therefore, 80% of air pollution in large cities such as Tashkent, Samarkand, Bukhara, Fergana, Andijan is caused by road transport. Industry contributes significantly to air pollution in cities with large industrial facilities. As a result, the air in cities such as Almalyk, Angren, Navoi, Andijan, Fergana, Tashkent is polluted with sulfur, nitrogen oxides, ammonia, hydrogen fluoride and other gases.

 

The air in Sariosiya and Uzun districts of Surkhandarya region is polluted with toxic fluorine gas from an aluminum plant in Tursunzoda, Tajikistan. As a result, child mortality is increasing in the districts, grape and fruit trees are turning yellow, cattle are getting sick and their teeth are falling out.

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In order to keep the air clean in the country, it is necessary to build modern treatment facilities at enterprises. This traps air pollutants and allows them to be reused.

The rivers of the country are polluted with water from industrial enterprises, consumer services, health organizations, poultry farms and livestock farms, as well as sewage.

The main task in keeping water resources clean is to treat and neutralize the wastewater from those enterprises and then discharge it into water bodies.

It is necessary to fight to protect the soil layer of Uzbekistan from erosion and restore its fertility. To do this, it is necessary to follow the rules of irrigation of crops, switch to the use of advanced methods of irrigation. To increase crop yields, it is necessary to achieve biological control of agricultural pests using more organic fertilizers (manure).

The abundance of clean, picturesque lands of the republic depends, first of all, on green plants, especially forests. Misconduct of the population towards forests, especially fruit (walnuts, pistachios, almonds, hawthorn, etc.) and medicinal (cumin, onion, anzur, blackcurrant, sage, sage, etc.) due to which they are declining. Therefore, it is necessary to explain to vacationers, tourists, students not to destroy plants, not to collect their fruits and seeds without permission, and to carry out extensive advocacy work.

In recent years, the number and type of animals have been declining under the influence of human economic activities (plowing, construction of new settlements, misuse of pastures, improper hunting). For example, the number of white-tailed deer, gazelles, storks, hawks, argali, goats with horned horns (pheasants), pheasants, and sparrows has sharply decreased. Some animals, including the Turan tiger, have completely disappeared.

The beauty of the nature of Uzbekistan is the presence of rare places of nature in its territory (magnificent streams, ravines, springs, waterfalls, streams, rare trees, various rocks, exposed rocks, caves, canals, cisterns, etc.). depends on maintaining the natural state.

Uzbekistan has published a two-volume Red Book of Uzbekistan, which takes into account rare species and flora.

The first volume includes Korovin shirachi, Turkestan wild pear, wild pomegranate, Zarafshan onion, onion, Uzbek tulip, wild fig, Omonqora and Bukhara astragalus, wild grapes, cloves, mingdevona, hyacinth, chilanji, Chimgan. plants such as tulips, flowers salim are included.

From the second volume of the "Red Book" a turtle bat, a blue squirrel, a large twin, a brown bear, a Turkestan beaver, a hyena, a tiger, a cheetah, a hawk, a gazelle, a Ustyurt sheep, Bukhara sheep, argali, white and black storks, red geese, falcons, eagles, white cranes, lizards, snakes, etc.

Reserves, national parks and nature reserves play an important role in protecting the nature of Uzbekistan. As of 2016, there are 8 state reserves, 3 national parks, 12 nature reserves, 1 biosphere reserve and 3 nurseries in Uzbekistan.