The content and essence of F. Taylor's teaching of the "Scientific Management" school
The "Scientific Management" school began to form in America at the end of the 1856th century and the beginning of the 1915th century. This school is also called "Classical School of Management". The American engineer and inventor F. Taylor (XNUMX-XNUMX) was the founder of this school. His theory was later called "Taylorism". The system he created was called the scientific method of "squeezing" the workers.
The main content of F. Taylor's teaching is to search for optimal and optimal methods of increasing the productivity of hired workers.
According to its principles:
- every process of work, its scope and sequence must be precisely specialized;
- each type of work should be distributed in a fixed period of time;
-every work process and even every action must be subject to carefully developed rules;
- constant demanding control should be carried out to fulfill the work methods and rules specified above;
-employees must be assigned according to their qualifications and level;
- it is necessary to clearly define the responsibilities of the manager and the managed and correctly distribute the tasks.
When F. Taylor's proposals on labor organization and management were applied to production, labor productivity doubled (100%). Especially noteworthy is the chronometerage method used.
According to F. Taylor's theory, managers and specialists should be freed from unskilled executive work and tasks that are not typical for them, and workers should be required to carry out all the orders of their superiors clearly and quickly without any deliberation or personal initiative. needed.
F. Taylor assessed management as "a true science based on clear laws and regulations, as well as the art of knowing exactly what needs to be done and doing it thoroughly and inexpensively."
Thus, F. Taylor founded the creation of the "classical school of management". The management school he created developed not only in America, but also in other European countries in the form of various theories and currents.
American economist G. Emerson, a contemporary and successor of F. Taylor's work, is one of the major experts in the scientific organization of work, and he developed a complex, systematic system of management and organization of work. It is covered in his work entitled "12 principles of labor productivity".
G. Emerson described the principle of scientific management in the following order.
1. Clear goals and ideas.
2. Intelligence, common sense.
3. Attractive, attention-grabbing product.
4. Discipline.
5. To be fair to the employee.
6. Fast, reliable, complete, accurate and regular billing.
7. Dispatching.
8. Norms and tables.
9. Provision of conditions.
10. Standardization of operations.
11. Preparation of standard instructions.
12. Productivity promotion.
It can be seen that G. Emerson's attention is focused primarily on two things, that is, a clearly set goal and idea, as well as a rational thought. G. Emerson studied the actions performed by the worker during work and developed the norms of the amount of work given to the worker, the most appropriate methods of eliminating redundant, unproductive actions.
In this case, for example, a special system of relative wages is applied based on a rational opinion, and according to it, tariff rates and coefficients are increased for workers who fulfill the unified norm (item 8), and workers who fail to fulfill it have their rates reduced by 20-30% and fined. At the same time, conditions have been created for high performance of the given task.
