Industry and agriculture of Uzbekistan during the war years.
In the first days of the war, the enemy captured most of the industrial enterprises in the Western regions, which produced 68% of iron, 58% of steel, and 60% of aluminum before the war. Therefore, it was necessary to establish industrial production that would ensure victory over the enemy. It was necessary for Uzbekistan to occupy a special place in this matter.
Realizing this, the Central Committee of the Republican Comfirka made a decision at its bureau held on August 1941, 25 to reorganize the activities of the existing industrial enterprises in our republic, focusing on the interests of the war. Mainly because of this, the enterprises producing products typical of the period of peace before the war were transformed into enterprises producing weapons and equipment for the front.
By the end of 1941, 300 plants and factories were producing products for the front. In addition, great attention was paid to the development of electricity and fuel bases.
From the first days of the war, the workers of Uzbekistan took the initiative to form national military units on the territory of the republic. The State Defense Committee, which was created on June 1941, 30 under the leadership of Stalin, supported this initiative and allowed the creation of such national military units from November 1941, 13.
After that, many such units were formed in our republic, and their fighters showed examples of bravery and courage on the battlefields.
Almost the majority of able-bodied men were mobilized to the front, and the factories and factories of the republic, which needed to satisfy the needs of the front with their products, lacked manpower, especially qualified engineers and technicians. In order to solve this problem, a number of vocational educational institutions with short-term courses and higher educational institutions were newly established in the republic.
During these war years, which were very difficult for the motherland, the women of Uzbekistan recognized the tragedy that befell the country as their tragedy, and focused all their efforts on its protection and supporting it in every way. Already in July 1941, more than 300 women at the Ursatvevsk station, more than 250 in the city of Samarkand, 220 at the Tashselmash plant, and more than 120 at the Andijan railway depot began to work instead of men who went to the front. Such women's initiatives soon became public throughout the republic.
From the first days of the war, a national defense fund was established in the Republic, and until August 1941, 21, 5 million 293 thousand soums of money, bonds and valuables were transferred to this fund. Such funds transferred to the defense fund continued throughout the war years, and its volume was constantly increasing. We can clearly see this when during the years 1941-45, workers of our Republic donated 650 million soums of money and bonds, 22 million soums of valuables, and 55 kg of precious metals to this fund.
In this way, the working people of Uzbekistan assessed the evil attack of the Hitlerites and Germany on the former Soviet Union during the Second World War as a tragedy that befell them, a difficult test of life and death, and focused all their strength and capabilities on the defense of the Motherland.
The military situation that befell the country demanded the implementation of urgent tasks aimed at strengthening the rear of the front.
Reconstruction of the country's national economy for military purposes was made an important component of the general program aimed at turning the country into a single military camp.
In this matter, great attention was paid to Eastern regions, including Uzbekistan. As mentioned above, during this period, the Republic was supposed to be a strong rear fortification and support of the Soviet army. Therefore, from the first months of the war, hundreds of industrial enterprises, properties of collective farms and state farms, cultural and educational institutions, hundreds of thousands of people and children were evacuated to Uzbekistan, like other Eastern regions of the country, from the internal regions of the Soviet Union. (moved) More than 100 industrial enterprises were moved to Uzbekistan, including the Moscow aviation production enterprise named after VPChkalov, Lenigrad textile machinery factory, Rostselmash, Krasno'i Aksay, compressor from Sumo, Leningrad including the KINAP plant established in Samarkand, the "Podyemnik" and "Elektrostanok" plants brought from Moscow, the Stalingrad chemical plant and dozens of enterprises.
It was necessary to establish these enterprises, which were transferred to our republic from within the country, in a very short time and start production in them. Because the situation in the country demanded it.
The leadership of the republic, its workers, realizing this, put all their strength and capabilities into this work. As a result, all the transferred enterprises were installed and put into operation in a short time.
Some shops of the "Rostselmash" plant were built in three weeks and the supply of products to the front was ensured, but this plant itself was completed in two months. By the end of 1941, 50 (half) of the enterprises transferred to our Republic were built, and much-needed front products were being obtained from them.
As we mentioned above, in addition to large industrial enterprises, 7-6 thousand people from families and orphans who were left homeless during these difficult years were resettled in our Republic. In 1941 alone, 200 children were placed in orphanages. The Uzbek people, who have always remained loyal to their international duty, showed kindness to the relocated residents and children, showed them affection, gave them clothes and food.
Hundreds and thousands of Uzbek families save orphaned children and treat them like their own children, take care of them, raise them and give them a place to live when they reach adulthood.
For example, Shoahmad Shomahmudov, a blacksmith from Tashkent, together with his wife Bahri, took 16 orphaned children without parents, brought them to adulthood and allowed them to lead independent lives. There were many such examples in our republic.
Thus, our republic, its workers, became a real reliable and powerful support behind the front of the Soviet army, which was fighting life-and-death battles against fascism during the war years. This played a major role in ensuring the country's victory over Germany and its allies.
As the country is drawn into the war and general mobilization is declared in all its regions, all the forces and opportunities are focused on the war and the victory over the enemy. was made. Making this issue so acute at this time, as we mentioned above, the western regions, which before the war supplied 60-70 percent of the country's heavy industry products, and a large part of agricultural products, fell into the hands of the enemy. had fallen.
On August 1941, 25, the leadership of the Republic of Uzbekistan convened the bureau of the Central Committee of the Republic of Comfirka, based on this situation in the country, and established a government commission to supervise the work of industrial enterprises. This commission transformed the industrial enterprises that had been operating in the republic until now into enterprises that produce goods necessary for the war, established factories brought from the western regions in the territories of the republic and ensured the production of military products. In addition, the commission has done great work in providing defense industry enterprises with necessary fuel, electricity and metal. In particular, by November 1942, it was planned to increase the capacity of the Chirchik and Tashkent energy systems to 160-170 thousand kilowatts, and to build a coal-fired thermal power station near Tashkent that could produce 4-5 thousand kilowatts of electricity in 60-70 months. In addition, during these years, measures were taken to strengthen coal, oil and metal production in the republic. As a result, the construction of Solar, Lower Buzsuz 1 (first turn), Aqqovoq 2 (second turn), Farhod hydroelectric power stations was started. So, by 1942, the work of military training of the national economy in the republic was mostly completed.
Thanks to the bravery of the workers of the republic behind the front line, within 10 months, Sirdarya was tamed and Farhod HPP was built. Two of its aggregates (the first type) were put into operation in 1946. During the war, Tovoqsoy, Oktepa, Aqqavoq, Qibray, Solar, Qutbozsuv and other hydroelectric power plants were built and put into operation in the republic. As a result, electricity production in the republic increased from 1940 million square hours in 482 to 1945 million square hours in 1.187. During the war years, great attention was paid to the development of the fuel industry in the republic.
Existing old oil and coal mines in the republic were expanded, Angren, Shargun, Kyzil Khiya and other new mines were opened and put into operation. The Bekobad metallurgical plant, which was the leader among the industrial enterprises built in our republic in March 1944, was especially important.
During the war, a copper mine was found and put into operation in the city of Olmalik, and large chemical industry enterprises were built in the cities of Chirchik and Ko'kan. Also, during these years, a lot of work was done on the development of textile, light footwear and food industry and transport sectors. As a result, 1941 new industrial enterprises were built and put into operation in the republic in 1945-280. As a result, in 1945, compared to 1940, the total volume of industrial production in Uzbekistan increased by 7 times, and a large volume of military industrial products was sent to the front.
During the war, the industry of our republic delivered to the front 2090 aircraft, 17342 aircraft engines, 2318 aerial bombs, as many mortars, 000 million mines, 22 thousand shells, about 560 million grenades, 1 thousand parachutes, 330 armored trains and other products.
As we mentioned at the beginning of our lecture, in the first 5 months of the war, Nazi Germany's troops occupied 1941 million square kilometers of the country, where 75 million people lived until June 1,5. (194 million was a very large number considering that the population of the Soviet Union on the eve of the war was 75 million people.)
At the beginning of the war, most of the large territory occupied by the enemy was agricultural production regions.
Therefore, great difficulties have arisen in supplying the population of the country, the front with food, clothing, and industrial enterprises with raw materials.
Realizing the importance of this difficult situation in the country, the rural workers of Uzbekistan began to restructure their activities focusing on the supply of agricultural products needed by the country during the war.
But it was not easy. Because of the war, the delivery of tractors, machinery and other equipment from the central regions to the republic was interrupted, the main part of the labor force working in agriculture went to the front (30% of the collective farmers went to the front), the countryside with fertilizers and fuel poor provision of the farm caused great difficulties.
Before the war, the republic specialized mainly in cotton production, now along with cotton production, it had to develop other branches of agriculture, to supply large quantities of grain, sugar beet, cocoons, and sugarcane products to the front and to the population along with cotton.
Fulfillment of these tasks required a stricter and more serious approach to the organization of agricultural production. Considering this, since the first months of the war, the working conditions in the republic's agriculture were significantly aggravated. The minimum mandatory working day in collective farms was increased by 1,5 times compared to the pre-war period, the minimum working day was set for children from the age of 12. Collective farmers and their families who did not fulfill the minimum working day were brought to court.
Even in such difficult conditions, the rural workers of our republic took upon themselves increased obligations and fulfilled their daily work forms by 1,5-2 times.
During the war years, thanks to the bravery of rural workers, new water facilities were built in the republic, new lands were opened, and cultivated areas were expanded. In particular, in these years, the North Tashkent Canal, Upper Chirchik, North Fergana, Sox-Shahimardon, Uch-Kurgon canals, Kosonsoy Reservoir were built, Katta-Kurgon Reservoir was started to be filled with water.
As a result of the construction of these water structures, only in 1942-1943, the irrigated land area of the republic increased by 546 thousand hectares. As a result, the republic delivered 1942% more grain in 1940 than in 45.
However, it should be noted that even during the war years, our republic remained the main cotton supplying region of the country. In particular, the republic had to take the main place in meeting the demands of the front for this product. Recognizing this, the republican villagers in 1941 fulfilled the state task of cotton production. In the same year, 1645, 7 thousand tons of cotton were delivered to the state, or 1940 thousand tons compared to 200. Also, in 1941, compared to 1940, grain was delivered 3 times.
The rural workers of our republic showed courage and worked hard even in the later years of the war. In these years, "Everything is for the front, everything is for victory!" working under the slogans had become a tradition for our farmers. They took upon themselves obligations that increased year by year and began to work spreading the movement of "Ten Thousand Kilogrammen" and "Fifteen Thousand Kilogrammen".
Of course, such work did not fail to give its positive results.
In 1944-45, although there were great difficulties for the industry during the war, high results were achieved in the supply of cotton and other agricultural products to the state.
In 1944, our republic fulfilled the annual cotton production plan ahead of schedule and delivered 820 tons of cotton to the state. It was 1942 thousand tons more than in 325. Even in 1945, our farmers fulfilled the cotton production plan by 100 percent ahead of schedule.
Thus, during the war years, the agricultural workers of Uzbekistan supplied the country with 4 million 806 thousand tons of cotton, 1 million 282 thousand tons of grain, 159 thousand tons of meat, 54,1 thousand tons of fruit and other agricultural products. contributed to the victory.
