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Installation of structures of one-story industrial buildings.
Plan:
1. General information.
2. About the main structural elements of one-story industrial buildings.
3. About the installation of the main constructions that are often used.
Key phrases:
Complex method; separate method; foundation assembly; installation of columns; installation of roof beam and truss; lifting devices; mounting position; execution scheme values; theodolite and level.
The assembly of one-story industrial buildings depends on the method of assembly, its construction scheme, the installation of technological equipment, the period of the building's placement, natural conditions, etc. Constructions of one-story light industrial buildings should be assembled separately. After installing the columns, the seams are filled with concrete. After the concrete in the joint has 70% strength, it is possible to assemble the under-crane and under-farm constructions.
One-story heavy industrial buildings complex method of assembly is effective. To achieve this, the concrete in the joint needs to gain its strength faster.
The direction of installation is longitudinal, in which the crane moves along the prolet, transverse (in section), in which the crane moves to the prolet.
Now let's get acquainted with the assembly of the main elements of one-story industrial buildings.
Assembly of prefabricated foundations- this is done in a separate flow (stream), which is done during the construction of the underground part of the building. The location of the foundation is determined by the intersection of the longitudinal and transverse axes. Arrows are drawn on the upper and lower parts of the base glass. When installing the foundations, it is necessary to pay attention to the fact that it is located on the base in one way, otherwise the surface of the base will be damaged.
The correct installation of the foundation is determined with the help of a theodolite and levelers. All the given information is included in the execution scheme of the foundation installation, which is used during the installation of the building.
After the installation of the columns, the installation of the foundations of the glass type (type) is finished, the record of the work to be fixed is drawn up, and the installation begins when all the values of the installation are put into the execution scheme. Until the column assembly begins
arrow lines are drawn on the glass, the same arrow lines must be drawn on the part where the column protrudes from the glass. Before the installation of the columns, they are laid close to the place of installation. If the column is made using self-propelled cranes, then the column's support part is placed close to the base, and the column is placed in three parts facing the prolet (portico) side.
Column assembly carried out by the method of hanging "by weight". For accurate installation, it is done using two theodolites and one level located underneath. Temporary devices are removed when the concrete at the foundation seam reaches 70% of its strength.
Girders under the crane - this work is started after obtaining 70% strength of concrete at the joint of the column and foundation. It can be installed as a separate stream or simultaneously with closed structures. Before the start of assembly, the levels of the support part of the crane beam are checked with geodetic instruments. The place of work of installers will be organized. The level of the girder and rail under the crane is checked using a level. All dimensions are reduced to the scheme of work. After all the dimensions and installation accuracy are in accordance with the project, the connection parts (bases) of the column and the under-crane beam are electrically welded. The girder under the crane and the intermediate joint are filled with concrete of class B20.
Installation of beams and trusses— this can be done from a warehouse or directly from a vehicle that has been previously assigned to the crane's working area. In this case, the beam (truss) should be attached (placed) lengthwise to the prolet. They are installed in special cassettes to ensure their priority. Truss, sub-truss are usually installed in the same stream as the under-crane girder. Before hanging the truss or beam, the suspension cradle, the temporary bracing device, and the truss spacers must be secured. After raising the beam (farm) to a height of 0,5-0,7 from the hanging support, it is twisted and gently lowered to the place of installation with the help of pullers. The correctness of the position of such a truss (beam) on the side of the mark (risk) lines should correspond to the mark (risk) lines on the column.
A special conductor is used to temporarily hold the beam (truss) after it is installed on the column and bring it to the design position.
After installing the first beam (farm) and fixing it with a temporary conductor, the second beam (farm) is fixed to the first installed beam (farm) with the help of a special strut-beam support and brought to the design position.
Then the joints of the column and beam (truss) are electrically welded. It is not required to fill the joint of the beam (truss) and the column with additional concrete.
Installation of cover plates. The installation of cover plates is usually carried out in one stream with the installation of the beam. After installing the second beam (farm) and permanently hardening; this section (cell) will be assembled. The closures are also worn in the prolet direction, and the soles are placed. Installation of plates, if there is a light lantern in the building, the prolet is installed from both ends towards the center, one on each side in turn (in order to evenly distribute the load), if there is no lantern, the prolet is installed alternately from the middle of the prolet in two directions . In this case, it is necessary to ensure that the plates reach the symmetry of the support on the beam (truss). After at least three corners of the cover plates are attached to the truss by electric welding, the cover is detached from the crane hook.
Installation of wall panels— this work will be started after the assembly of the load-bearing cinch is completed. This process is done with a separate wick and requires special equipment. If the wall panels and window sills do not need to be enlarged, they can be assembled directly from the transport. They are transferred to the installation site using a traverse or web slings. Wall panels can be hung by means of hooks or carabiners, and crossbars with the possibility of removing them from a special distance are also used.
Immediately after the panel is installed in place, it is brought to the design position, permanently hardened and released from the crane hook.
It is advisable to install the wall panel from one stop of the crane in two adjacent cells from the bottom to the top. It is also recommended to use movable suction cups mounted on the base of the crane. Filling of seams can also be carried out sequentially.
In the installation of wall panels, installers work on special movable or suspended beams, depending on the height of the building. They are installed inside or outside the building.
Review questions.
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What are the main structural elements of one-story industrial buildings?
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What kind of assembly cranes are mainly used in the assembly of single-story industrial buildings?
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What are the movement patterns of cranes during installation?
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Explain the installation of prefabricated foundations?
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Explain the installation of columns of single-storey industrial buildings?
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Explain the installation of beams under the crane?
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How to assemble the beam (truss) and roofing?
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Explain the installation of wall panels?
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Explain the types of geodetic tools used in the construction of one-story industrial buildings and what is their purpose?
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How is the sealing of seams in the assembly of structures?