Recommendations for planting and caring for pears

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Recommended varieties of pears for planting: Williams, Lesnaya Krasavitsa, Lyubimitsa Klappa, Olivier de Serr, Podarok, Starkrimson, etc.

Preparation and planting of seedlings for planting. When preparing seedlings for planting, first of all, taking into account the flow of water in the garden area, the soil is well leveled. Per square meter of area is plowed deep (6–10 cm), adding 200–250 kg of manure, humus, 100–120 g of phosphorus, 150–200 g of potassium and 25–30 g of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer.

Depending on the pear grafts, the planting scheme varies: in strong growing grafts - 6 × 5 m (in irrigated gray soils) and 5 × 5 m (in gravelly-sandy soils), in medium-grained grafts - 5 × 4 m, in low-rise welds - 3 × 2,5 m. Here 3 m - the distance between rows of seedlings, 2,5 m - the distance between seedlings. The period of planting apple seedlings falls in November in autumn, and in early spring in late February-early March.

For planting seedlings are dug pits with a depth and width of 60 × 60 cm. When digging deep, a layer of 20–25 cm of topsoil is placed on one side of the pile, the rest on the other side. 350-400 g of phosphorus, 30-40 g of potassium fertilizer and 8-10 kg of decomposed manure are mixed with the soil and then seedlings are planted. Before planting the seedlings should be immersed in a pre-prepared mulch (fresh cow manure is mixed with the soil in a ratio of 1: 1 to prepare a creamy mass).

Seedlings are placed upright in the middle and buried in the ground. The place of grafting the seedlings should be 4–5 cm above the soil. After planting the seedlings fill each hole with water. Then the soil is compacted and the seedlings sprout well. After the soil settles, new soil is added around the seedlings and filled. Seedlings are watered periodically, depending on soil moisture.

If the area of ​​the plot is 0,03 ha, it is recommended to plant 2-3 bushes of early, middle and late varieties of pear on the east-south side of the area where the sun sets. If the area of ​​the plot is 0,06 ha, it is possible to plant fruit crops in half, fruit trees in the rest, and fruit seedlings in the larger part, leaving space for vegetables at 0,10 ha.

Care. In the spring, the trees are shaped into layers. In this case, 3-4 main branches are left on the first floor of the tree, the rest are cut down. The branches of the second floor are left at a distance of 30-40 cm from the main branches, 25-30 cm from the branches of the first floor. The branches of the third floor are formed in the same way. In shaping, the branches are thinned out in a rhythm, preventing them from shading each other.

In the year when the tree does not form, the bushing system is carried out as follows: the branches that grow in this year are strongly shortened, the ring-shaped fruit branches are thinned, the complex ring-shaped branches are shortened. In the year of fruiting trees are pruned to the old branches, which grow to 35–40 cm. Shortening of annual branches leads to an increase in yield buds.

It is recommended to apply 300-350 g of nitrogen, 250-300 g of phosphorus and 200-250 g of potassium fertilizers to pear trees in the field. Applying an average of 2-3 kg of rotten manure every 50-60 years increases the yield.

On gray soils apple trees are watered 4-6 times during the growing season, on gravelly soils 10-12 times.

Disease and pest control. Pears are harmed by pests such as pear aphids, fruit beetles, diseases squid (parsnips).

Feed 25 percent Sepirmetrin in early spring against pear aphids. k. (10 g per 20 liters of water) is sprayed. In the absence of these drugs, tobacco decoction can be used.

Perfecto sus 17,5 percent against fruit cane. k. (10-15 ml per 20 acres).

3% of Bordeaux liquid (10 g of copper sulphate and 300 g of quicklime) per 300 liters of water is sprinkled against pear squid. Disease control measures are carried out until the buds are recorded.

Harvesting. Pears are cut without damaging the bunch. Some local varieties have a specific softness when stored in special hot conditions after harvesting. If the late varieties are put into storage after harvesting, they will ripen in a few weeks and become edible.

Sh. Akhmedov

Source: Website of the Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources of the Republic of Uzbekistan