The ruler of the Khorezmshahs from the Anushtegin dynasty. His full name is Qutbiddin Muhammad ibn Takash ibn Elarslan ibn Anushtegin. His father is Takash Khorezmshah, his mother is the daughter of Turkon Khatun Kipchak Khan Jonkish. Muhammad was appointed governor of the city of Nishapur by his father in December 1193.
During the reign of Muhammad, the kingdom reached its peak both in terms of territory and power. During the time of Muhammad, the Khorezmshah state extended to Aral in the north, to the Caspian Sea in the west, to Iraq and Ghazna in the south, and to Yettisuv in the east. He conducts the policy of expansion of the country. First, he began to conquer Herat and its surroundings, as well as the provinces of Khorasan that were not under the jurisdiction of the Khorezm state. In particular, he strikes at the Karakhanids and tries to wrest Movarounnahr from them.
In 1218, Genghis Khan's personal representative, Chief Uhuna, came to O'tror with a caravan of more than 500 camels, ambassadors and merchants. Otror governor Inolchik intercepted the convoy and executed the ambassadors. Genghis Khan, who studied Muhammad's state well, used the displeasure of the dependent peoples of Khorezm, the disputes between the military leaders, the use of officials from the relatives of Muhammad's mother, Turkon Khatun, and Muhammad's wrong actions that carried out the news of the Mongol attack (each city had its own he was successful due to his protection; collecting 1 times the tribute from the raiyat for 3 year).
Genghis Khan marched to Khorezm and conquered O'tror (1219), Bukhara and Samarkand (1220). Muhammad left Movarounnahr and fled to Khurasan. The relentless pursuit of Genghis Khan's 20-strong army did not allow Muhammad to gather his forces and catch his breath.
Having gone to the island of Ashur in the Caspian Sea, Muhammad fell seriously ill and at the end of his life changed his previous decision and declared Jalaluddin Manguberdi as the crown prince instead of his son Qutbuddin Ozlakshah. He died on that occasion and was buried here. Later, according to Jalaluddin's order, Muhammad's body was brought to Ardahn Castle to be buried in the mausoleum built in memory of the Khorezmshahs in Isfahan.
