July 16 is the day of the establishment of the Autonomous Republic of Adjara

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The Autonomous Republic of Adjara is part of the Republic of Georgia. Founded July 1921, 16. Located in the southwest of Transcaucasia, on the Black Sea coast. The area is 3 thousand sq. Km. Adjara has 5 districts, 2 cities and 7 towns. The capital is Batumi. The coast of Adjara is low and high, the rest is mountainous. The high Shavshet mountain range runs along the border with Turkey. There are also Meskhetian and Arsian ridges. In the Adjara region, the climate is subtropical at altitudes up to 500 m, moderately cold in the mountains. In the lowlands the average January temperature is 4 °, 7 °, in July 20 °, 23 °, in the mountains in January - 2 °, in July 16 °. Annual precipitation is 1000-1400 mm in the inland valleys and 2400-2800 mm on the coast. The largest river, the Chorokh, flows into the Black Sea near the city of Batumi. The upper reaches of this river are in Turkey, and its tributary, the Ajarisskali, crosses the whole country from East to West. Minerals: copper and polymetallic ores, sulfur pyrite, refractory soils. The soils are mountain meadows and mountain-forests in the mountains, red soil in front of the mountains on the coast. More than 50% of its territory is covered with forests. Chestnut, oak, grab, spruce, fir, subtropical plants (palm, magnolia) grow on the mountain slopes. Eucalyptus and bamboo are also found. There is a Kintrishi Nature Reserve. Georgians (Ajars), as well as Russians, Armenians, Ukrainians and others live in Adjara. The Ajar language is one of the Georgian dialects. Major cities: Batumi, Kobuleti. History. In the VI-II centuries BC, the kingdom of Adjara Kolkhida, then part of the state of Western Georgia. In the XI-XV centuries, the territory of Adjara was part of the united Georgian state. In the second half of the 2th century, due to the weakening of Georgia, Ajara was conquered by Turkey and Islam began to spread among the population. As a result of the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-1878, Adjara was annexed by Russia. In the 80s of the XIX century, industry began to develop in Adjara. In 1897-1907, the Baku-Batumi oil pipeline was laid. In April 1918, part of Batumi, Akhaltsikhe, Ardagan and Guria were occupied by Turkish troops, and in December, all of Adjara was occupied by British troops. In July 1920, they handed over power to the Mensheviks. In March 1921, Soviet power was established. It has been the Autonomous Republic of Adjara since December 1990. The basis of the Adjara economy is agriculture. Subtropical agriculture, especially the cultivation of citrus fruits is developed. Corn is the main agricultural crop. Horticulture, viticulture, tobacco growing play a big role. From 1949, tea was planted along the entire coast of Adjara. He is engaged in animal husbandry, poultry, silkworm breeding, beekeeping, coastal fishing. Most of the industrial enterprises are located in Batumi. Most of the city’s residents work at the port and at an oil refinery on the east coast of the Black Sea. Adjara has machinery, shipbuilding, sawmilling, woodworking, plywood and furniture factories, food and light industry enterprises, and several large tea factories. Batumi caffeine factory is famous. The only local source of electricity is the Ajarisskali HPP, as well as several thermal power plants. The Batumi-Baku railway, the Batumi-Samtredia and the Batumi-Akhalsikhe highways pass through Adjara. The main seaport - Batumi The city of Adjara has the resorts of Batumi, Maxinjauri, Sixisdziri, Beshumi, Kobuleti, Green Cape. Adjara exports petroleum products, fresh and canned citrus fruits, tea, raw fruits, grapes, night and essential oils, tobacco products, equipment for the tea and wine industry, plywood, furniture. Imports of metals, equipment, construction materials, flour, textiles. Culture. More than 65 students study in all types of general education schools in Adjara. There are secondary special educational institutions, Batumi Naval Academy, Batumi University, Batumi Polytechnic Institute, aquarium, dolphinarium, scientific research institutions, botanical garden, public libraries, club institutions, cinema facilities. The newspaper is published in Georgian and Russian. There is radio broadcasting and retransmission television. Adjara literature is an integral part of Georgian literature. From the writers M.Varshanidze, 3 Gorgiladze, P.Loriya, N.Malazoniya, Sh. Rokva, P. Rurua, F. Khalvashi, G. Salukvadze, A. Shervashidze and others contributed to its development. Adjara architectural monuments: the castle in Gonia, the Byzantine-era Peter's castle-town in Sixisdziri (founded in the 6th century), the Tamarissixe castle, the temple in Shalt (XNUMXth century), an arched arch in Makhunseti, Dandalo, Saputkret priks and other Ajara developed ancient decorative arts (wood carving, tattooing, embroidery). In recent years, professional art has grown (artists Sh. Kholuashvili, S. Artmeladze, H. Inaishvili; sculptors T. Chanturia, M. Bolkvadze and others). In Batumi there is the State Song and Dance Ensemble, the House of Folk Art, the Society of Music and Choreography. The Chavchavadze Theater has been operating in Batumi since 1937. The works of such famous artists as Yu. Kobaladze, A. Mgeladze, N. Tetradze are noteworthy.