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PLAN:
1. Understanding of personality development.
2. Factors affecting personal education.
3. The role of activity in the development of the person and the age and specific characteristics of the development.
Concept of personality development. Individual, person, individuality. Person the concept refers to a person and serves to represent a member of society who is psychologically developed, differs from others in his personal characteristics and behavior, and has a certain attitude and worldview. In order to become a person, a person must develop psychologically, feel himself as a whole person, differ from others with his characteristics and qualities.
What is an "individual"? A child is considered an "individual" until a certain age. Individually (derived from the Latin word "individium", which means "indivisible", "individual", "single") is a biological entity that can organize its behavior only with the help of conditioned reflexes.
Individuality and are the unique characteristics of the individual, and its manifestation requires a thorough study of the child's personality, being sufficiently aware of his living conditions and taking them into account in the process of education.
An individual approach is important in showing students' mental abilities, curiosity and talent.
Children's actions are formed as a result of their participation in the process of conscious social relations.
In the national model of personnel training, a person is defined as the main subject and object of the personnel training system, the consumer of educational services and their implementer.
The state policy in the field of personnel training envisages intellectual, spiritual and moral education of a person, achieving his manifestation as a comprehensively developed person. The implementation of this social demand guarantees the right of every student to get knowledge, to show creative abilities, to develop intellectually and to work in a specific profession.
Man as a social being becoming a person for social environment conditions and upbringing will be needed. Under the influence of these, a person develops as a person and becomes a person.
What is development itself?
Development It is a complex process that expresses the essence of changes in quantity and quality manifested in the physiological and intellectual growth of a person. Development essentially represents the transition from simple to complex, from bottom to top, from old qualities to new states, renewal, emergence of new, disappearance of old, change of quantity to change of quality. The source of development is the struggle between opposites.
Child personality development man is social creatureis based on the philosophical doctrine that At the same time, man living, biological is also a being. Therefore, the laws of nature's development are also important in its development. Also, as a person is evaluated as a whole being, his development biological va social laws act together, they cannot be separated from each other.
Because age, education, life experience, and other tragic situations and diseases also affect a person's activity and lifestyle.
A person changes throughout his life. He matures both socially and psychologically. takes a worthy place. Because development is influenced by education.
In order to correctly see the qualities of a person and make an accurate assessment, it is necessary to observe him in the course of various relationships.
Therefore, in order to correctly solve the task of personality development, it is necessary to know well the factors affecting his behavior and personality characteristics.
It is desirable to know and take into account the laws of growth and development in order for upbringing to have an effective effect on the child. And so, development va education there is a two-way relationship between them.
Factors influencing personality education. Science for the development of a person as a person biological va social The debate about determining the relationship between the effects of factors has been going on for a long time.
In the development of a person as a person social phenomenawill the effect be strong? Or natural factors lead? Maybe educationis the effect of high? What is the relationship between them?
In science biological direction the so-called point of view occupies one of the leading positions, and its representatives are Aristotle, Plato natural-biological puts the factors high. They are innate opportunities, destiny, tole they say that he determined everyone's place in life.
It originated in the philosophy of the XNUMXth century preformism and the representatives of the flow place a high value on the role of the generation in the development of the individual, social environment va educationdenies the role of
Another trend in foreign psychology - behaviorism - appeared at the beginning of the XNUMXth century. Its representatives, it is said that consciousness and mental abilities are passed down from generation to generation and are given to man by nature. The representative of this doctrine is the American scientist E. Thorndike.
Pragmatism stream and its representatives D. D'yul, A. Combe are also individuals biological development based on the point of view. They see development as only quantitative change. Absolutizing the role of offspring, it in the case of man they consider it crucial.
So, a group of foreign scientists developed biological (hereditary) factor.
To biological flow against philosophical development of stream representatives social factor are determined by a factor. This stream represents the child's personality physical, psychic development they show that it depends on the environment in which he lives.
The environment means all the external influences in the conditions in which a person lives. From this point of view, it is possible to adapt the child to the social conditions in which he lives due to education.
They consider the role of the social environment as a decisive factor. Therefore, the development and progress of a human child as a person, his maturation as a person, generation (biological factor), social environment (the conditions in which the child lives), as well as education that is carried out according to the purpose, are equally important. In determining the influence of these factors, the teaching of advanced pedagogic scientists, psychologists and philosophers is relied upon.
In philosophy, the individual is related to society in social life complex reality is considered They believe that the spiritual wealth of an individual depends on his relationships.
In fact, a person develops and matures on the basis of work. Man creates circumstances and circumstances create man. This, in turn, shows human activity. After all, the person is known a product of social orderis Society can realize or destroy certain possibilities of personal development.
Philosophers A person is a part of nature they estimate that. It expresses the idea that it is a bud of human ability, and education is necessary for its development.
Community development creates ample opportunities for personal development. Therefore, there is an organic connection between the individual and the society.
Thus, the development of the human personality in society nature, environment, man occurs under the influence of a complex relationship between them, a person actively affects them and in this way changes his life and his nature.
The influence of the social environment on the individual is also important. This educational system is done through That is,
First of all, under the influence of upbringing, knowledge and information that the environment could not provide, skills and competencies related to work and technical activity are formed.
Secondly, due to upbringing, congenital defects are also changed and the person matures.
Thirdly, with the help of education, it is possible to eliminate the negative effects of the environment.
Fourth, education sets a goal for the future.
So, education and development affect each other, this education is continuous and continuous.
Thus, it can be concluded that education has a leading role in the development of a child's personality, and due to education, he is able to develop in all aspects under the influence of his lineage, family environment, and social environment.
Role of activity in personality development. Along with heredity, environment, upbringing, human activity is also important in personality development. This means that the more a person works, the higher his development will be.
What is the activity itself? Activity a certain form, appearance of daily, social or professional actions organized by a person in accordance with the purpose of natural and social life. A person's ability and age are determined by the nature of the activity organized by him.
In the process of activity, the human personality develops comprehensively and as a whole. But in order for the activity to be carried out in accordance with the purpose, it is necessary to organize it correctly. However, in many cases, opportunities for personal development are not created, social work and cognitive activities of students are limited.
The main activities of teenagers and young adults include play, study and work. They consist of cognitive, social, sports, artistic, technical, craft and personal interest areas. The main type of activity is communicationd.
Activity active and passive it can. Adolescent activity can be activated or suppressed under the influence of environment and upbringing. In the development of a person's personality, his ability to love with his whole body, to show his capabilities, to work, to show himself as a person, gives him satisfaction with his work. Activeness is visible in his participation in social work.
Activity in the educational process leads the student to deep and solid acquisition of knowledge, to demonstrate his abilities. Activity to knowledge ensures the intellectual development of the student.
The basis of activity is always need. The variety of needs also expands the types of activities. Accordingly, their activities are different at different age periods of the student. In an educational institution, the same requirement all the time does not give a positive result in the development of a person. The types and nature of activities should change in different age periods.
Human social activity, ability is the guarantee of all success. Because every person becomes active only with his own work, enthusiasm, and desire. No matter how well the teacher teaches or educates, if the student himself does not try, the development will not be successful. After all, everyone the main cause of spiritual and moral deficiencies it is also in the fact that a person does not set up his activities in the right way.
That's why human activity is the result of its development is also Therefore, it is important to develop the qualities of social activity, initiative, creativity on the basis of individual activity - to develop the activity through the manifestation of personal potential.
Age and specific characteristics of development. Anatomical, physiological (physical) and psychological characteristics characteristic of a certain age period age characteristics is called Education and training work is organized taking into account these young characteristics. Then the influence of upbringing on the child's development will be strong.
It is important to know and take into account the characteristics of different age periods in the child's development in order to have a proper approach to children's education and to teach it successfully. Because the growth and development of the child's organism and mental development are different in different age periods. Abu Ali Ibn Sina, Yan Amos Comensky, KDUshinsky, Abdullah Awlani also emphasized the need to educate a child.
It is very difficult to take into account the unique nature of the child. Because even children of the same age can be mentally different.
For example, vision and hearing, activity, quick perception, slow thinking, impulsiveness or restraint, eloquence or lack of eloquence, enthusiasm or lack of enthusiasm, laziness or industriousness, clumsiness or indolence, compactness or lack of work. quick access, ability, etc., are effects of the nervous system, and the teacher or educator must know them.
To know the individual characteristics of the child temperIt is important to know the general types and the methodology of studying the child's unique characteristics. Temperament (lat. "temperamentum" meaning "relation of parts to each other") is a set of individual psychological characteristics of a person.
There are also specific developmental patterns of different age periods. For example, 5th graders and 10th graders cannot be equated. Therefore, the child's physical and mental development is divided into the following periods:
1. Infancy period - the period from the end of infancy (1 month) to one year.
2. Pre-kindergarten age - from 1 to 3 years.
3. Age of preschool education - from 3 to 7 years.
4. Pupils of junior school age - up to 7-11-12 years old.
5. Pupils of high school age (teenagers) 14-15 years old.
6. Senior schoolchildren (adolescents) - 16-18 years old.
Junior school ageThe place of the game activity is now taken by the reading activity. This is a very difficult transition period, and the child's appearance differs little in terms of height and weight. Due to the fact that the bones are not hardened, they are easily injured. Due to the rapid growth of muscles, there is a lot of movement. The brain develops rapidly.
These characteristics of physical growth require attention from the educator. At this age, the child is interested in learning and learning.
It is necessary to organize interesting meetings, walks, shows and excursions that will satisfy children's interest. Students of this age are emotional, their thinking becomes figurative, the content of their feelings changes. They are interested in connecting with people.
High school age (adolescence 12-15 years old). The complexity of adolescence anatomic-physiological and psychological strong in character changeis related to s. The child's growth accelerates. This period transitional period also called During this period, puberty begins. It affects the character of the child. Work, play, sports and community work play a big role in the life of a teenager. The appropriation of some decreases, discipline relaxes.
The following situations are noticeable in the psyche of today's teenagers:
1. Intellectual development - ability to think, requires organization of mental activity at a high level, interest in learning increases. During this period, holding clubs, studios, sections, and various events is of great importance. Their interest in reading will increase.
2. Self-awareness, assessment, education is formed. He starts comparing himself with others.
But along with the above, there will also be complex contradictions in the teenage character. This is considered a new beginning of adolescent activity, new traits in behavior.
But not all teenagers have a high level of curiosity. 38 percent of teenagers are not interested in studying any academic subjects. Others were found to be interested in three or two subjects, and in most cases, one subject. The interest of young teenagers depends on their education. But their interest, as well as reading, is not stable.
21 percent of teenagers participate in various clubs, and the rest are involved in sports or music. 40 percent of students do not have stability in participating in extracurricular activities.
The most important interest is focused on television broadcasting. 88 percent of teenagers watch TV every day.
The results of a study conducted to find out the answer to the question of how they spend a normal day with their own free will noted the following: 85 percent of teenagers spend their time on their own, 70 percent watch movies or TV, 50 percent do sports, 45 percent rest by sleeping or lying down. Also, the number of teenagers who go to school to avoid bad grades is 15 percent.
In teenagers to achieve something relative demand develops. The fulfillment of social requirements by them affects the development of the nervous system. Therefore, school life is full of "difficult" tasks.
At this age, teenagers try to demonstrate their independence in front of adults. The demand for self-education grows. They painfully accept the assessments of adults as "lazy", "rude", "inattentive", "incompetent".
In adolescence, the difference between boys and girls increases. Intellectual skills decrease from grade VII. Therefore, it is necessary to pay great attention to the development of children during this period.
As a result of self-education, boys are strong, free, attentive, brave; and girls - become very docile, modest and serious.
Therefore, it is necessary to help the teenager in planning his time. By the age of 13-14, a sense of duty, responsibility, and self-control begin to appear in a teenager. It is important to respect the personality of a teenager, not to belittle him, to recognize that he has become an adult.
High school age - college, lyceum students (adolescent age 15-18). This period is the period of early puberty of adolescents. Sexual maturation ends during this period. They begin to feel independence. Adolescents begin to look at life from the perspective of the future. The desire to increase the cultural level will increase. feelings also change. They begin to educate themselves. Ideal choice and adherence to it will increase. Discussions between them will give good results during this period. Adolescents gravitate to their group. That is why all aspirations of a teenager should be directed towards a certain goal. They have an increasing need to choose academic subjects.
Adolescence this is considered the period of development of human activity. They try to express their thoughts independently and begin to show their personality. Then it is important for teachers and adults to correct their still shallow thoughts and worldviews. After all, during this period, self-awareness, spiritual-ethical, social qualities are formed quickly.
This is also motivated by his activity, behavior in the team and in public places, and his quick communication with people. He tries to feel like an adult, to show his individuality, to draw the attention of others to him. He begins to solve moral problems from the point of view of his views. They measure the essence of life, happiness, duty, individual freedom with their interests. Therefore, it is very important that adults provide them with impartial, correct guidance.
In this period, the behavior of young people also begins to form. In this case, the position of the person in the team, the interaction with the members of the team is important.
Of course, in this regard, the influence of the youth social movement operating in the educational institution is of great importance. Because teenagers are on the threshold of an impossible life, and their right step towards this life is an important condition for them to be an active citizen of society.
Socialization of the individual. Personality is formed in the process of social relations. Because in the process of education, children are taught situations and events related to living together in society. In this process, the student "enters" society and interacts with it. They acquire a certain social experience (knowledge, value, moral rule, instruction), that is, they are socialized.
Socialization is a long and complex process. Because any society develops a system of social and moral values, ideals, moral norms and rules in the process of development, every child will have the opportunity to live in this society and become a member of it by accepting and learning the above rules. . For this purpose, the society influences the individual in one way or another. This effect is realized through education. On the other hand, the formation of the personality is influenced by various ideas and social environment.
People interact with and learn social norms and morals.
Socialization process has internal contradictions. A socialized person must conform to the requirements of society, "enter" it, oppose negative aspects of society's development, life situations that hinder individual development of a person. But sometimes the opposite is true in life: there are people who are fully socialized, enter society, but do not actively fight against some negative situations in the environment.
This situation applies to society as a whole, educational institutions, teachers and parents. Contradiction in education can be overcome only with the help of the idea of humanity.
After all, as stated in the "National Personnel Training Program" of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the organization, development and socialization of education is an urgent issue. Forming an aesthetically rich worldview in learners, developing high spirituality, culture and creative thinking skills in them are important social demands.
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