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Moral culture and professional etiquette
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Moral culture and professional etiquette.
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Ways and means of moral education.
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Interactions of ethics with other social and spiritual phenomena: ethics and religion, ethics and law, ethics and politics, ethics and art, ethics and science, ethics and ideology.
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The level of moral excellence in the state and civil society is determined by the moral culture of their citizens. Ethical culture includes aspects such as a person's acquisition of the moral experiences of society and the use of these experiences in his relations with other people, as well as his regular self-improvement. In short, it is a sign of a person's moral development. Because moral culture is a structure that includes a number of elements of the culture of moral thinking. It is manifested in a person's interactions with others.
One of the most important elements of moral culture is etiquette. It is essentially one of the forms of mutual cooperation. The human race cannot officially live without cooperation with each other, exchange of experience, and influence on each other. A need, a necessity for a good person, a healthy person suffers mentally without it, his mood drops. At this point, it is enough to recall the famous work "The Adventures of Robinson Crusoe" written by the great English writer Daniel Defoe: this is the reason why Robinson was so happy when he found Jumaboy.
Etiquette of dealings requires putting other people's value and dignity in place, fulfilling traditional moral and normative requirements. At the same time, it is distinguished by the fact that it shows the good aspects of a person. Its brightest, most meaningful and most expressive manifestation occurs through speech. The ability to speak and listen, the culture of conversation are important aspects of communication. Therefore, the manners of behavior manifest themselves, first of all, in moral standards such as politeness, modesty, modesty, and cheerfulness.
Another "mirror" of etiquette is a human look. It is known that in a person's gaze, facial expression, and hand movements, his unspoken, unspoken feelings and demands are reflected. For example, waving your hand without listening to the interlocutor until the end means uncivilized behavior. Sometimes a look speaks louder than words. For example, a master builder may shake his head and smile to express his displeasure with the actions of his apprentice. The second master expresses his attitude with a momentary glance. The first master with facial expression and handwriting - with movement; From the point of view of the second master, if it means "Obbo Shovoz - hey, you're in a hurry - yes, it's okay, there's no harm in it." You can hear the words: "You've messed up your job again - damn it, when will you become a man?". Undoubtedly, the first master observed manners in his dealings, while the second one shows his opposite - not his student's, but his own indecency.
In general, etiquette is the influence of people on each other without advice and manners, as a means of education and self-education. Therefore, the formation of behavior in our youth is one of the important tasks facing our society today. In this, the influence of father - mother, neighborhood - village is great. You need to be able to use it. Because the achievement of moral perfection begins with the mastery of manners.
Ethical culture is one of the most visible forms of relationships, and this is etiquette. It mostly governs the external culture of a person, the fulfillment of the rules of self-behavior in mutual relations. If a person has a creative approach to his relations, that is, he has the opportunity to deal with several things in one situation, then etiquette requires only one set of rules for a specific situation - action.
The scope of etiquette is wide, it includes, in a certain sense, the rules of behavior accepted at the international level. For example, the etiquette of a political figure, the etiquette of hospitality, etc. We see a classic example of observing etiquette through the television screen. Remember the ceremony of handing over credentials of ambassadors of foreign countries to President Islam Karimov. There is only one homogeneity, the rule established at the international level. Neither the President nor the ambassadors have the right to break it. Or a very simple, small example: holding a knife in the right hand at the table is one of the strict rules of modern hospitality etiquette - breaking it will cause surprise and ridicule. That's why etiquette can be said to be a customary, fixed manners of behavior.
Etiquette is a positive, eye-pleasing act of etiquette, developed to the smallest detail. But, at the same time, it is also manifested in the form of mandatory etiquette, which has lost its original moral basis: the person who follows the rules of etiquette may actually be doing something against his will. In this respect, it becomes a form of hypocrisy. For example, let's say you rush out of the gate to work in the morning. Your acquaintance or neighbor will meet you. You see him, ask how he is, and invite him inside, saying: "Let's go to the house, make tea, and have a good time." But in fact, you don't want him to enter the house at all, you don't have time, you even think about the time you wasted on this meeting. So, against your will, you tell lies about etiquette and politeness, and even if it sounds ugly, you are being hypocritical. Nevertheless, in general, etiquette is important because it teaches a person to a certain order - rule, no matter what internal mental conditions, modesty, gentleness and patience.
Ethical culture is also evident in professional etiquette. Because when a person reaches adulthood and becomes the head of a profession, he regularly interacts with people within his profession. This relationship occurs, on the one hand, in the circle of colleagues, and on the other hand, it occurs with different categories of people who meet according to the requirements of the profession. At the same time, professional etiquette is one of the highest forms of moral culture, its place in the moral life of society is high. Therefore, it is permissible to dwell more on professional etiquette.
In every society there are certain groups whose occupations lead them to a privileged position compared to other members of society. Factors such as the life and death, health, moral health, legal protection, and manifestation of scientific potential of the majority of society members determine the extent to which the holders of such privileged professions feel the responsibility of their professional duty. it is known to everyone that it depends on their ability to act honestly and conscientiously. For example, let's take a medical worker, a surgeon. Let's say he brings a few people back to life each day of surgery; hundreds of people need his help, look to him with hope and confidence. Well, what if the surgeon betrays his patient for personal gain, that is, kills him on purpose? Who can guarantee that he will not do so? Or take a journalist. Isn't it possible for him to use the weakness of his profession for his personal benefit, to put innocent people to moral pain, to deliberately embarrass him in front of the society, and thus solve some of his own problems? It is possible. After all, until the truth comes to light, there is no question that a person who has been unjustly criticized will be finished. Well, who guarantees that a journalist will not do so? Therefore, in order to avoid vices such as arbitrariness, self-interest, arrogance and abuse of profession in the activities of those who can do things that others cannot do, as well as in order to ensure that their moral level is at a high level, in many cases a set of mutual rules is created. This set of rules usually took the form of oaths or norms. Violation of it is considered extremely indecent and immoral, even treason. Such oaths have a very long history. As an example, the famous "Hippocratic Oath" compiled by the Ancient Greek judge Hippocrates (V-IV centuries BC), which has not lost its importance even today, is compiled in a short and succinct form, which includes the professional ethics of medical personnel and the rules of law.
There are many healers in history who heal their enemies. For example, in the ancient Indian epic "Ramayana" (II - century), the unique experiences of the king of the giants, who was at the head of the unconscious Lakshmana, are important in this respect. The doctor had two options: one is to treat the enemy of the kingdom as a needy patient, and the other is to condemn him to death by refusing treatment. After much deliberation, the doctor chooses to obey the rules of medical etiquette and treat Lakshman. Because according to the requirements of the law and the rules of professional etiquette, the notions of friend or enemy for the doctor at the patient's bed lose their meaning, only a weak person is waiting for medical help, in need of mercy. After recovering, Lakshman kills Indirjid, the incomparably great warrior and crown prince of the land of the giants, in battle and leads to the decline of the country of Lanka, where the healer is a citizen. However, the reader does not call the doctor a traitor or a traitor, on the contrary, he admires his moral courage, honesty, and loyalty to his professional duty. Or take the fate of the famous Russian scientist Academician Andrei Sakharov. A great theoretician, a physicist, an unparalleled specialist in the field of thermonuclear, the main discoverer of the hydrogen bomb, the owner of dozens of orders and medals for his services in strengthening the defense of the Motherland, a two-time Hero of Socialist Labor, what did this prestigious and wealthy man lack? Why was he determined to get away with it all - publicly opposing weapons of mass destruction, including the hydrogen bomb tests he created. As a result, the repressive regime of the Soviets isolated him from the scientific community, exiled him to one of the Russian cities far from the capital, and forbade his name to be mentioned in the press or in books. However, he could live more honorably than anyone else. Sakharov chose the path of high morals - he placed the fulfillment of scholarly duty and moral requirements higher than any wealth, honor - honor. The great scientist fought against its practical application because his discovery could and partially jeopardizes the highest human right - the right to life. He steadfastly endured the fact that the ideology of the Soviets declared him to be a treacherous citizen who tried to weaken the power of the defense of the Motherland, heaped countless slanders, reproaches and slanders on his head, he did not back down from his promise, he was in the hands of the kingdom of evil. he did not allow his scientific talent to become a puppet and become a military bolt. After all, he was praised by all mankind as one of the world's greatest defenders of human rights. Many such examples can be cited.
In addition to these, there are several types of professional etiquette, such as the etiquette of teachers, the etiquette of law enforcement officers, and the etiquette of engineers, which are also important in the chain of moral relations in society. It should also be said that the sphere of influence and scope of all rules of professional etiquette are not the same. Some violations of professional etiquette go beyond simple indecency and turn into immorality. For example, let's touch on some points in leadership ethics. If the leader is disrespectful and rude to the subordinates, or if the ordinary people in the area or organization entrusted to him are indifferent to their needs, wishes, and desires, it is immoral for him to gain personal wealth through corruption in the country, region. or sacrificing the interests of the organization can be considered immoral, not only the profession of leadership, but also betrayal of the Motherland. That is why professional etiquette is sometimes called professional ethics.
As can be seen from the above, the problem of professional etiquette is not, as some people think, one of the minor issues of ethics. Comprehensive study of it, research of the relationship between professional freedom and professional duty will occupy an important place in the ethics of the XNUMXst century. Because professional ethics should be evaluated as a moral phenomenon that manifests itself in the moral life of individuals and society in the form of practical ethics.
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A person's moral life is closely related to his moral education. After all, moral education is one of the continuous processes that ensure the development of a person as a person. In it, an individual realizes moral values, stabilizes moral qualities in himself, learns to live on the basis of moral principles and standards. Moral education seeks answers to two important questions throughout the history of mankind: one is how to live, and the other is what to do. The process of searching for answers to these questions is a practical form of moral education.
There is a saying that education begins in the mother's womb. Its original meaning is that, first of all, the father and mother should have received moral education. After all, a bird does what it sees in its nest: the father and mother should set a high moral example in the family.
It should also be noted that the materialistic view that morals arise in a person only through moral education has been dominant for many years. True, the importance of moral education is extremely great. But morality is a divine gift given to man as the most important of his human characteristics. We improve this spiritual blessing - the basis with the help of moral education. Otherwise, we would be able to raise moral beings even from monkeys and dogs.
Thus, moral education is one of the ways to bring a human child to perfection. It has many tools. Some of them are traditional means of education, and another part are modern means. Usually, both types of tools are used. For example, in pre-school moral education, traditional education through fairy tales and narratives and modern education through toys and games are successfully used; in this, the child is encouraged not to be angry, arrogant, to be honest with the help of games. Television, radio, puppet theater, cinema plays a big role in children's moral education.
In general, the most powerful tool of moral education is art. This tool covers all sections of the population, people of different ages. Especially the fiction genre of art is extensive. Works published in genres ranging from fairy tales to novels play a huge role in the moral formation of a person. Through them, the reader, as a student, has an artistic perception of what is good and evil; they are also important in choosing an ideal. In addition, there are collections of stories, narratives and advices of fiction directly intended for moral education, which, as we saw above, we call pandnoms: "Kalila and Dimna", "Nightmare", "Gulistan", "Zarbulmasal" Classical works have served as a means of traditional moral education for many centuries and generations, and will continue to do so.
The way of moral education that is relevant for all times is the principle of exemplification. In the family, first of all, as mentioned above, the father should be a moral example for the child. It should not be overlooked that teachers are accepted by their students as a personal role model, from the teaching methods to the "small" actions of teachers in schools and universities. Etiquette, honesty, and truthfulness in teacher-student relationships are among the factors that ensure the formation of moral education of young people.
Currently, television can be cited as the most powerful modern means of moral education. It has the ability to screen and display works created in almost all types of art. In addition, there are also regular shows dedicated to moral education. Uzbek-language programs such as "Otalar sozi - aql'n kozi", "Rivayat", "Aqshom Ertaklari" can be examples of this. That's why television should never become an enterprise of easy-going songs, pornographic commercials, and "kill-kill" video films that harden the human heart.
It is desirable to combine moral education with mental, spiritual and physical education. At that time, our society will become a fully developed civil society. In our country, all legal and social conditions have been created for this.
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Ethics occupies the most important place in the system of spirituality and works in close connection with other areas in it. Now let's briefly touch on the most important of these connections.