SHARE WITH FRIENDS:
Navoi city
The 16th state is specialized
secondary school
"The idea of national independence and the foundations of spirituality"
science teacher Djurayev Bahadir
On the topic "Ecological culture".
Science: The idea of national independence and the foundations of spirituality.
Sana:
Grade: 8
Topic: Ecological culture
The goal:
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A) Educational — creating knowledge about ecological culture, nature conservation concepts.
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B) Making students learn about educational and environmental education
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C) Developmental - development of students' ability to think independently
Course type: a new concept, a formative of knowledge.
Lesson method: unconventional
Course style: interactive, working in groups, presentation
Classroom: computer, video projector, handouts with questions, color handouts for student assessment,
Course Outline:
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Organizational part.
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Greeting students.
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Attendance determination.
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Concentration
"Tropical rain" exercise- students stand in a circle (they can also be in their places).
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Hands (palms) are rubbed slowly. (wind)
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It will speed up.
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Fingers crunch. (rain)
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It will speed up.
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Hits the shoulders. (thunder)
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It will speed up.
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Fingers click (rain drops)
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Slows down.
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The wind slows down (palms rub)
If the teacher walks in the middle and stops in front of someone, the movement changes. Or the leader himself dictates and does it, and distracts the actions.
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The goal:
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Increase attention.
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Elevating the mood.
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Reinforcement of the subject.
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Why do we consider friendship as a high spiritual concept?
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What kind of people can we know as our friends?
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How should true friends be?
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How are fake friends?
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Do you have a best friend? What is his name?
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Explaining a new topic.
Millions of years ago, mankind appeared, and countless people sprouted and grew up in the bosom of this Earth, made a living, and found sustenance. This is the only mother earth that feeds, clothes, shelters, and washes people, and because of that, it is extremely respectable. So far, mankind has not found any other place to live in it, maybe it will not be able to find it. People have seen rain fall from the sky, snow and hail fall from the sky, but they have never seen snow fall or bread fall. That is, if there is no nature, this land, this water, this air, and if the child of man does not "get along" with it and create sustenance for himself, not a single piece of bread will fall from the sky. Therefore, it is your responsibility and duty to take care of the nature that has opened its bountiful bosom to us, the entire humanity.
Our head of state emphasizes the great importance of mother nature, loving her, enjoying her beauty in the growth of human spirituality: "Proximity to nature, enjoying the unimaginable beauty of the beloved country nourishes and strengthens spirituality."
Conservation of nature, ecological culture begins with the acquisition of simple skills. When walking on the street, if we throw candy wrappers or pistachios into the place we come across instead of in a special box, if we do not walk on the sidewalk, we step over the grass, if we break the branches of trees, if we break the nest of birds, if we throw garbage in ditches, all this is evidence of our lack of culture, cruelty, and lack of wisdom.
At the core of the concept of "ecological culture" are the requirements to understand the consequences of these situations, to live in accordance with the laws of nature and society. Ecological culture is also an integral part of universal culture, its important indicator. Without it, a person cannot be considered civilized and spiritual in the full sense.
Ecology is a Greek word, made from the combination of the words "oikos" - house and "logos" - science. That is, ecology is a field of science that studies living creatures living in the "home of nature".
Although the phrase "ecological culture" has entered the tradition in later times, since ancient times, mankind has acquired the ability to protect nature and treat it with care. If we look at the history of ancient religious views, we can see that elements of nature, animals and other animals were sanctified and even worshiped in them. In particular, the Zoroastrian religion, the history of which is related to our country, and its main book "Avesta", which are the material basis of the world, sanctify earth, water, and air, and worship fire. Evaporating the air and water, burying not only the bodies of animals, but also people in the ground, draining them into water, and burning them in the fire were considered a sin. In order to prevent the bodies of the dead from polluting the earth, water, and air, they were buried in special earthen vessels.
After that, the love of our people for mother nature increased, but did not decrease. For example, keeping the courtyard, ditches, ponds, wells and cisterns clean, growing flowers and plants with care, greening the surrounding area, planting ten flowers when one flower blooms is a simple requirement of life, by everyone. there was a rule to be followed. Our ancestors with a high farming culture invented advanced methods of using water sparingly in agriculture, crop rotation in order to maintain and increase land productivity, and feeding the land only with fertilizers. Let alone throwing trash into the water, spitting in it is considered a big sin in our people. Because of this, people freely drank clean water from the streams flowing through the streets and courtyards, and children ate the hot cakes drooling.
Islam also pays special attention to the issues of respecting nature, being grateful for its blessings, avoiding extravagance and impurity. For example, from the 31st verse of the Holy Qur'an, Surah A`raf, we read such sentences (translation of their meanings): "O people of Adam!... Eat and drink, (but) do not waste! Because He (Allah) does not love wasteful people.
In one of the hadiths from our Prophet (peace be upon him), it is said: "Plant trees tomorrow on the Day of Resurrection." How noble is the meaning embodied in this hadith! In it, the call to look at the future with confidence, pessimism, the call not to give in to secularism, and the urge to constantly enrich nature are heard at the same time.
Ecological culture is formed on the basis of a number of factors. Love for nature, knowledge and imagination about it, ecological education, traditions and values, ecological propaganda are among these.
You know very well that, like all creatures, man is a child of nature, her male, honored child. No human being uses the wealth of nature and its blessings. It will not be enjoyed. If you pay attention, most animals are limited to finding food for only one day, it is completely foreign to collect food for consumption tomorrow or a week later. Take a look at the birds you see every day: have you seen any of them, for example, gathering grain to eat in the evening? You didn't see it. What about people?
Knowledge and ideas about nature are formed in a person from a very young age. From the toys that children play with in kindergartens, to their clothes racks and beds, to pillowcases and swimming pools - all the equipment and items have wonderful images of various flowers, trees, and animals. From the soft sand brought from the lakes and rivers, full of small pieces of shells, children made figurines of animals, small fortresses and castles built on mountains and hills.
Village children spend most of their time in nature. They get the smell of the coming spring from the sharp and pleasant smell of mint that covers their lips. The soft swaying of grasses filling the ditches like girls' hair, the icy breeze blowing from the mountains, the sound of sheep coming from far away - all this is a part of the life of village children, an integral part of their imagination. will remain.
During the lessons at school, we now have clear knowledge about the general structure of nature, climates on Earth, continents and continents, oceans and seas, mountains and volcanoes, animal and plant world. For example, if we learn from the lesson "Geography" why it does not snow at all in many areas of Africa, while the North Pole or Antarctica are occupied by eternal ice, the fact that a tiny bee has five eyes or the locust's ears are located on its feet, we learn from "Zoology" " explains the textbook. In addition, through newspapers and magazines, television and radio, Internet materials, we have interesting information about the colorful nature, animal and plant world of countries located tens of thousands of miles away from us. we can be These knowledge and experiences enrich our perception of nature, how powerful it is and, at the same time, how much it needs protection.
Environmental education is not limited to school education, but also continues in the family and neighborhood environment. In Uzbekistan, special attention is paid to the arrangement of courtyards, streets and neighborhoods, to planting fruit and ornamental trees in their territory, and to constant cleaning of ditches. People actively participate in beautification works by organizing hashars several times a year. In this process, there are many children who approach adults and say, "What can I do, give me something to do?" How do adults turn the ground, how do they soften the ground under the tree, and how much do they dig the shovel under the flower, why do they pay attention to cutting the branched branches and branches of the trees, how to make a pen for the fig tree, and why is little water poured under the long vine - all this you and is actually a great learning experience for your peers. These tasks require not only strength and foreskin, but also education, knowledge, and patience.
If these words are related to the care of plants, a special skill is needed to take care of each domestic animal, to feed them without getting sick, to "talk" with these speechless animals. There are also wonderful sayings of our people that have passed the test of time. Here are some of them: "If you have whiteness, you don't know if you don't" ("whiteness" means milk-yogurt), "If you give livestock, it will feed you, summer and winter", "If there is a horse, a field will be found, if there is no horse, the field will be cut", "One gets fat from horse fat", "There will be no tuberculosis in a house with a cow", "From horse yolk, sheep's liver" and so on.
If we diligently master such experiences of our wise people regarding the care of flora and fauna, if we learn the skills of preserving nature and taking care of it, the world around us will become more beautiful, and our hearts will become clearer. .
Today, such complex environmental problems are emerging on Earth that they can seriously endanger the future life of not only some countries, but also the entire human race. These problems include the depletion of the atmospheric ozone layer, the depletion of fresh water reserves, the melting of permanent assets, the pollution of the world's oceans and outer space, the sharp decline of rare plants and animals included in the "Red Book" of the world, and many other urgent problems. It is not without reason that the mass media are constantly spreading news about huge floods, forest fires, landslides, droughts and extreme cold weather in different parts of the world. it's not. In addition, there are strong earthquakes, sea and ocean floods, terrible storms and hurricanes, which kill tens of thousands of people every year. All these are not problems that appeared overnight or suddenly. Most of the disasters that occur in nature are the result of treating nature like a savage.
Ecological problems are caused by violent interference with its laws without knowing the science of nature.
Only large industrial enterprises that are accustomed to chasing profit, large and small factories that prepare raw materials for their operation, all kinds of vehicles rushing to deliver finished products to different parts of the world, emit toxic gases, vapors, and various wastes into the atmosphere. causing large-scale pollution of the environment, sudden changes in the natural composition of air, water, and land. Instead of using a rare natural resource like water sparingly, it is wasted, forced to build huge dams and power plants in seismic areas with strong earthquakes, diverting the beds of rivers and streams, etc. works definitely upset the balance of nature. The most dangerous thing is that it will be extremely difficult to correct these mistakes and restore the lost balance later.
We should know that nature is a perfect system. Him ecosystem we say. It is necessary to approach the ecosystem on the basis of high intelligence and never disturb its balance.
Unfortunately, we also inherited severe environmental problems from the former Soviet state. The biggest of them, as you know, is related to the drying up of the Aral Sea. Uzbekistan is taking many measures to find a positive solution to this problem, to prevent the problem from deepening, and to protect the population living in the Aral Bay region in every way. The fact that the leadership of our republic is drawing the attention of the world community to this complex issue shows that the problem of the island has become the problem of the whole Earth, not just one or two countries. Accordingly, the following points in the speech of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Islam Karimov on September 2010, 20 at the plenary session of the United Nations Summit dedicated to the Millennium Development Goals are of great importance:
"The tragedy of the island is a clear example of irresponsible attitude to ecological problems. Once one of the rare and beautiful seas, Arol became a water body that almost dried up and disappeared within a generation.
During forty years, the water area of the Aral Sea decreased 7 times, the volume of water decreased 13 times, and its mineralization increased tens of times, making the sea unsuitable for living organisms. As a result, almost all animal and plant life declined and disappeared...
As the Aral Sea continues to dry up and a humanitarian disaster is taking place around it, the preservation of the natural biological fund of the Aral Bay, the impact of the Aral crisis on the environment, most importantly,
Reducing its destructive impact on the lives of hundreds of thousands and millions of people living here is the most important task today."
Thankfully, in our country, during the years of independence, great efforts are being made to preserve and enrich the nature of our country. First of all, serious attention is paid to strengthening the legal basis of nature protection. Currently, in our country "On Nature Protection" (adopted on December 1992, 9), "On Waste" (April 2002, 5), "On Water and Water Use" on", "On underground resources" (all adopted on May 1993, 7) and other laws, many codes are strictly enforced. These laws and regulations are being improved in accordance with the needs of the times. Not only state organizations, but also many public organizations are involved in performing these important tasks. In particular, the allocation of 15 seats of deputies from the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis to the Environmental Movement of Uzbekistan was a practical manifestation of comprehensive support for the activities of this public movement.
In our country, the attention of the population is focused on the field of nature protection, priority is given to raising the ecological culture, knowledge and level of citizens. As a result, many parks, forests, new reservoirs, reserves are being established in all regions and districts of our republic. The safety and purity of natural fresh water sources that supply the population with water are regularly monitored.
All these are meritorious works that are carried out not only for the benefit of the people living today, but also for the happiness and well-being of the generations who will have to live on this motherland in the near and far future.
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Why do we call man a child of nature?
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What characteristics do people have in nature?
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What kind of knowledge and skills is ecological culture formed?
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What are the reasons for the sharp increase in environmental problems recently?
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What are the most urgent environmental problems in the Central Asian region?
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Can you give examples of works of art that show the cases of rude treatment of nature?
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What do you think caused the drying up of the Aral Sea?
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Homework.
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Outline of the topic (pages 87-97).
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What reforms are being implemented in our country today to eliminate environmental problems?