In the middle of the 1348th century, the lands occupied by Genghis Khan and his heirs to the throne and power struggles intensified. By 1336, the feudal state of Mongolia was established in the lands of East Turkestan, and Tughluq Temur of the Chigatay dynasty rose as its khan. From the earliest times, Tughluq Temur organized several military operations in the lands of Movarounnahr in order to expand his territory. At a time when such civil wars were raging and social, economic and political crises were intensifying, Amir Temur, a great master and skilful commander who was famous in the fight against the Mongol invaders, entered the field of history. Amir Temur was born on April 8, 736 (Tuesday, Sha'ban, 25 AH) in the family of Muhammad Taragay, one of the beys of Barlos, in the village of Khoja Ilgor near Shahrisabz. His father, Taragai Bahodir, was the head of the Barlos clan in the Kashkadarya valley and was from the village of Khoja Ilgor. His mother was Takina Moh begim. Amir Muhammad Taragay was first and foremost a perfect Muslim and a brave warrior. He was well-educated and brought up in his family in his youth, as he was one of the most prestigious, respectable, intelligent and self-sufficient people of his time.
From the age of 12, Amir Temur abandoned children's games and engaged in military games. At the age of 16-18, Timur mastered the art of fencing, javelin and hunting, and at the age of 20 he became a skilled rider. Now he divides his peers into groups and begins to conduct combat exercises. Amir Temur's uncle, Haji Barlos, was the mayor of Kesh. From a young age, Timur was a man of military prowess, gathering around him young warriors from the Barlos clan. In 1360-1361, when Tughluq Temur invaded the lands of Movarounnahr without any resistance, Haji Barlos fled to Khorasan. Young Temur, who had a strong sense of national pride and patriotism, entered the service of Tughluq Temur in order not to hand over the lands ruled by his uncle to the enemy, and soon justified his trust and received a certificate to rule the lands of Kesh region.
This work of Amir Temur was the only way in Movarounnahr at a time when political disintegration was dominated by mutual struggles and chaos. Because the revolt of the emirs of Movarounnahr against Tughluq Temur would inevitably lead to the destruction of the lands of Movarounnahr by the Mongol invaders once again. In 1361, Tughluq Temur entrusted the management of the lands of Movarounnahr to his inexperienced son Ilyaskhodja. However, Temur refused to serve Ilyaskhodja and formed an alliance with Amir Hussein, the grandson of Amir Qazaqan, who was the governor of Balkh at that time. Timur began to fight against the Mongols in order to consolidate his power. In one of the battles for local power, more precisely in the battles against the Turkmen in Seystan, he was wounded in the right arm and right leg and became a lifelong lame man.
The death of Tughluq Temur in 1363 intensified the struggle for Movarounnahr. But it was known that the Mongol invaders would not easily give up the lands of Movarounnahr. In this regard, after the death of Amir Temur and Tughluq Temur, the combined forces of Amir Hussein, expelled from Movarounnahr, began to fight in alliance against the troops of Ilyaskhodja in 1365. The famous "mud battle" between Tashkent and China ends in defeat due to disagreements between the allies.
After these events, the first conflict between Amir Hussein and Amir Temur began. Ilyaskhodja, who had won the Battle of the Mud, had a wide way to Movarounnahr.
He marches on Samarkand with large armies. Meanwhile, Mavlonzoda and Abu Bakr in Samarkand, led by Sarbadar, rebelled against Ilyaskhodja. Due to the patriotic resistance of the local population, the Mongol troops, who were besieging Samarkand for a while, were forced to leave Movarounnahr completely.
After hearing about the victory over the Mongols in Movarounnahr, Amir Temur and Amir Hussein headed to Movarounnahr and met with the leaders of the Sarbadars at Konigil near Samarkand. In this meeting, a disagreement arises and the leaders of the soldiers are killed by trickery. In Movarounnahr, the throne of Samarkand was taken by Amir Hussein and his rule was restored. From then on, relations between Amir Hussein and Amir Temur became even more strained.
By this time, the socio-economic situation in all the lands of Movarounnahr had deteriorated after the civil wars. At such a time, it was extremely necessary to establish a centralized state system in the country that would put an end to civil wars. Realizing this, Amir Temur secretly fought against Amir Hussein and in 1370 succeeded to the throne of Movarounnahr.
Concern for the homeland, the idea of restoring the independence of the homeland emerged in those years, and Amir Temur was proclaimed Emir of Movarounnahr at a congress convened in Balkh. But the situation in the country was dire. The Movarounnahr region had not yet been completely liberated from the Mongol invaders, and the hardworking people condemned to poverty were going through hard times. When Amir Temur ascended the throne, the first movement was to liberate the country from the Mongol invaders and establish an independent centralized state. He introduced new and perfect rules of governing the country. As early as 1370, Amir Temur built the city wall of Samarkand
enters. He also builds castles and palaces. These structures were the first to be built 150 years after the Mongol invasion.
