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WHAT IS THE ISLAMIC CONDITION FOR ADOPTION OF A CHILD?
Before the revelation of Islam, the Arabs had a custom of adopting a child, especially a boy. This situation happened a lot, especially after the war, when it came to adopting the children of those who were captured. Also, any of the Jahiliyyah Arabs could adopt another man's son as his own, which was very common. When a man says to another's child, "You are my son, I am your heir, you are my heir," and the child accepts it, then the matter is over. The child will be to him like a son from his mother's side, and whatever was done to the only son in inheritance, marriage, divorce and other rulings, the adopted child would be treated the same way.
However, Allah, the Exalted, abolished the practice of adopting someone else's child as his child. In particular, the following verse shows the way about orphaned children:
"Call them by their father's name. This is right in the eyes of God. If you do not know their father, they are your co-religionists and friends. There is no sin on you for what you did wrong without knowing it. But if you intend it from your heart, Allah is Most Forgiving and Most Merciful."
Before these verses were revealed, people used to adopt someone else's child as their son. People have worked with existing concepts and traditions in society. Now the verse has been revealed and has invalidated this custom. Naturally, people had questions such as: what should be done, what we will do about the adopted child, whether we will also answer for our previous deeds. This verse answers these questions. "Call them by their father's name. This is right in the eyes of God. That is, call adopted children by the name of their real father, not by the name of the person who adopted them.
According to the ruling of this verse, it is forbidden for someone to transfer a stranger's child to his own name, to call him "my child". It is also a great sin to choose someone as "my father".
Attitudes towards adoption in Islamic law
It is narrated from Sa'd (ra). He is the Messenger of Allah (saw). "Whoever knowingly claims to be the child of someone other than his father, paradise is forbidden to him" They said they heard what they said.
Because one of the five major issues that Islam envisages is the protection of the human race. That is why many rulings on marriage, talaq, idda and the like have been introduced. Everything is aimed at making the human race clean, pure, transparent. If this is not done, the illegitimate and the halal will mix, the father will not know the father, the child will not know the father, the mother will not know the daughter, the girl will not know the mother, the brother will not know the sister, and the humanity will be destroyed. Adding an illegitimate child to the ranks of one's own offspring creates a lot of mess. The rules of intimacy and non-mahram are violated. One day a father may marry his daughter or a brother may marry his sister. In the matter of inheritance and many other matters, irreparable mistakes can be made. That is why this work is forbidden in Islam.
But this does not mean that it is impossible to look after and educate an orphan child, a child of a family in difficulty. On the contrary, if it is done in this way, it will be very rewarding, it is necessary to do these things, but not to transfer the child to the name of one's own child, but to leave it in the name of the one whose child he actually is, and to do it in accordance with the ruling of Sharia.
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