Bleeding during pregnancy

There are a number of causes of vaginal bleeding during pregnancy:

Bleeding in the first trimester

Bleeding in the first 3 months of pregnancy can be a sign of a fall. Pregnancy is around 15%, taking less than 12 weeks before pregnancy. Although the statistics are high, this effect can be significant for an individual couple who has lost a pregnancy.

Not all bleeding is a sign of an inevitable fall. About half of women who experience bleeding do not fall. Sometimes there is something called bleeding from the implant in the first 6-12 days of pregnancy. This occurs when the thick and bloody membrane of the uterus is disturbed by the embryo entering the uterus. Bleeding from the implant usually lasts a day or two before it subsides.

Symptoms of fetal miscarriage

• Vaginal bleeding - this often begins with a rash, but can increase in large amounts with or without clots

• Uterine cramps are similar to the pain of this period

• Feeling something is wrong; anxiety and worry from pregnancy

• Loss of pregnancy symptoms such as nausea and vomiting

When there is a risk of miscarriage and bleeding, women sometimes go to a stage where miscarriage is inevitable. This means that nothing can be done to save the pregnancy or continue it. It is safe to assume that most of the miscarriages that occur are the result of major problems in the development of the embryo. Fetal abortion is often seen as a ‘natural way’ to ensure the survival of healthy embryos and their transition to the next stages of development.

By definition, a miscarriage poses a risk when the embryo is still in the uterus. A complete miscarriage is when the uterus is empty and the embryo passes. Many times women need R & D disease - uterine enlargement and curettage - to clean up conception products. Storing these in the uterus can lead to infection and ongoing bleeding.

What to keep in mind if you are bleeding during pregnancy

• Wear a pillow or pants so you can monitor your blood loss

• Calculate how many pillows you are using and how often you need to change them

• Do not use tampons and avoid sexual intercourse while bleeding

• Seek advice from your healthcare professional

• Don’t think I’m going to lose a baby - many women bleed during pregnancy and strive to have a healthy baby on or around their birthday.

Ectopic pregnancy

This occurs when the embryo is placed outside the uterus. Since the fallopian tube is a common site and the tubes are not designed to expand as much as in the uterus, the tube may rupture as the embryo grows. Ectopic pregnancies occur once in every 60 pregnancies. It is most common in women who have had surgery on the fallopian tubes, have had an ectopic pregnancy before, or have had pelvic infections.

Molar pregnancy

Although this is a rare condition, it can still occur and is another cause of bleeding during pregnancy. In place of the embryo formed in the uterus, clusters of abnormal tissues called “mol” grow and take their place. Bleeding, pain, and lack of fetal symptoms may be suspected. Ultrasound can detect the presence of a molar pregnancy. Sometimes women who have had a molar pregnancy require chemotherapy because of the advanced cancer cells.

Uterine infection

Sometimes the infection is responsible for the bleeding of the pregnancy. It is important to determine the cause of the infection so that appropriate treatment can be initiated. If a bacterial infection is present, treatment is done with an appropriate sensitive antibiotic. Depending on the degree of bleeding, hospitalization may be necessary.

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)

UI can cause bleeding from both the uterus and the bladder during pregnancy. Antibiotic treatment is usually very effective, but it may be necessary to stay longer. Untreated urinary tract infections can lead to premature birth and kidney damage.

Post-disease bleeding

Many women bleed lightly from the vagina after sex. Often, this is due to inflammation of the cervix and blood clots. Most women are advised to stop having sex until the bleeding continues.

Placenta praeviya

This is a condition that occurs when the placenta lies on or near the cervix. Instead of the placenta sticking to the uterine wall, there is a tight seal where blood flows between the two, there is bleeding. There are different levels of placental abruption, each of which measures the level of cervical coverage. If the coverage is complete, it is not possible to deliver the baby by vagina, so a cesarean delivery is necessary.

Older women, who have a previous history and have had multiple births, all have an increased risk of developing placental abruption. 70% of women with placental abruption have painless bleeding, 20% have pain with bleeding, and 10% have no symptoms.

Placental abruption

This is an obstetric emergency and can be life threatening for both the baby and the mother. In placental insufficiency, the placenta separates from the uterine wall, causing bleeding and abdominal pain. In most cases, a cesarean delivery is necessary. Women over the age of 4 who have had 35 or more children, who use cocaine or tobacco, who have placental insufficiency or uterine surgery are at greater risk. The probability of placental insufficiency is 200 in 1 pregnancies.

Approximately 80% or women with placental insufficiency experience severe blood loss and vaginal bleeding, while 20% have no blood loss at all.

Premature birth

Prenatal bleeding (prenatal) Bleeding can also occur when the baby arrives prematurely. 38th week of pregnancy born before is classified as early labor. At the same time, blood loss may have a more watery and slimy color. This is because the membranes also rupture and the amniotic fluid mixes with the blood.

Rupture of the uterus

It can occur in the later stages of pregnancy and is more common in women who have had 4 or more children. Where the uterine wall is weakened, uterine rupture is more common due to a previous operation or cesarean. Rupture of the uterus is an obstetric emergency, so immediate delivery to the hospital is very important.

Varicose veins

Sometimes a varicose enlargement of the vagina or a cervical injury can cause bleeding during pregnancy. But this is a rare occurrence. Women with vaginal trauma or varicose veins to the extent that bleeding is possible usually have some degree of alertness.

Bleeding from the fetus

This can be distinguished from the mother's blood using a special test in the blood. Fetal cells are found to be in the mother’s vaginal blood, not the mother’s cells.

When to seek medical attention

Any bleeding during pregnancy should be checked. Although bleeding may be more common in women in the first trimester, it is important to consult a healthcare professional. Self-diagnosis is common, but it does not help determine the true cause of blood loss.

Ultrasound is a commonly used tool to determine the cause of bleeding. It can also help determine where the bleeding came from if the child is still alive and what to expect.

Seek medical attention if:

• You have vaginal bleeding

• You feel any cramping or pain

• If you don’t notice your baby moving or there is a change in their movements

• If you have an elevated temperature (normal temperature range is 36,1-37,3 degrees Celsius)

• If you are bleeding heavily, pass blood clots or clear tissue

• If you feel dizzy and faint or dizzy

• If you are breathing or have pain in your shoulder / tip

• If you have terminated a pregnancy (abortion) and you experience severe bleeding, fever, or abdominal pain

Some women do not understand their pregnancy and know themselves when they see their doctor because of bleeding from the vagina. It is more common in women who have irregular menstruation and do not use contraception.

If you are bleeding during pregnancy, what can you expect:

• Check your medical and obstetric history

• Vaginal examination, possibly with speculum

• Blood tests include a pregnancy test, a complete blood count, and a blood type assessment. Determining the Rh factor is especially important for women who are Rh negative and carrying an Rh positive child.

• A urine test that includes culture and susceptibility to check for infection

• Ultrasound examination to check if the baby is still present, the location of the embryo, and any other problems that may be causing the bleeding. If you are still in the first trimester of pregnancy, you may need a full bladder to see the uterus more accurately by a sonograph.

Your feelings

For couples who want to have a baby, bleeding during pregnancy can be very sad. Although many women are about to give birth to perfectly healthy babies, there is no guarantee. Supportive counseling can be very helpful for couples who are experiencing grief and loss problems.

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