Pregnancy diabetes

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Pregnancy diabetes
Pregnancy diabetes is a condition that distinguishes it from other types of diabetes: first and second type pregnancies. The term pregnancy occurs during pregnancy. For many women who are diagnosed, diabetes disappears after birth.
But for women with gestational diabetes, the risk of developing type 2 diabetes is high.
Gestational diabetes occurs in up to 15% of pregnancies and occurs in the following women:
  • Type 2 diabetes can develop 5-10 years after birth
  • More than 50% of women with gestational diabetes develop type XNUMX diabetes
  • After the baby is born, the mother's blood glucose level usually returns to normal
What is diabetes?
Diabetes occurs when the human body is deficient in the hormone insulin or when the body is unable to use the insulin it produces effectively. Blood glucose needs insulin to pass into the body’s cells and be used for energy. If a person has diabetes, his blood will have too much glucose and these complications can occur.
During pregnancy, the placenta produces specific hormones that are designed to ensure the growth and development of the baby. However, these hormones can cause problems with the effectiveness of the mother’s insulin and reduce its benefits. This is what it means to be insulin resistant.
Under the best conditions, the mother’s insulin levels and her blood sugar levels stabilize, and there is no excess or deficiency in either. However, in gestational diabetes, blood glucose is not controlled by sufficient insulin, so the diet should include a decrease in glucose, an increase in insulin, or a combination of both.
Who is at risk?
  • Women over 30 years of age.
  • Women from ethnic groups such as Asia, the Philippines, India, China, the Middle East, or Vietnam.
  • Women who already have diabetes with a family history.
  • Overweight or obese women; both before and during pregnancy (having a high BMI - Basal metabolic index - this is one of the indicators that increases the risk).
  • Pregnancy with early pregnancy was associated with diabetes.
When does gestational diabetes occur?
Around 20 th week of pregnancy, the usual processes and actions involved in insulin production are exposed to pregnancy hormones. Therefore, gestational diabetes screening screenings are routinely performed for all women who are pregnant, whether or not they have a history. The most common time for its onset is between 24-28 weeks of gestation, but a diagnosis can be made in a few weeks on either side of this time interval.
As the pregnancy progresses, the mother's need for glucose increases. This is because its energy requirements will also increase. Ideally, enough insulin is produced to raise glucose levels, but this does not always happen.
How is it diagnosed?
Usually a screening test is ordered by an obstetrician or midwife at 24-28 weeks of pregnancy.
The most common diagnostic tools are the glucose trigger test, GKT, or the oral glucose tolerance test OGTT. In the first test, a blood sample is taken to check the amount of glucose, and the test is repeated an hour later after drinking a very sweet drink.
Depending on the results of this first test, a two-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) may be performed to confirm the diagnosis of gestational diabetes. This is followed by a blood test before drinking glucose and then an hour or two later.

Another simplified but common test is when glucose is detected in the mother’s urine. Therefore, one of the routine checks at each birth appointment is to check the new sample with a glucose-sensitive detection stick.

Blood Glucose level is measured in millimoles per liter of blood. Normal blood sugar (BSL) is 4-6 mmol / L in a fasting person. Two hours after a meal, the average measurement is 4-7 mmol / L. Ideally, a person’s BSL level is maintained to a maximum, but individual differences may play a role in what is acceptable.

How do I know if I have gestational diabetes?
You can’t do this, and it often won’t be detected until a regular urine test or glucose tolerance test is ordered. Some women experience the following symptoms, which are similar when they develop type 1 or type 2 diabetes:
  • Excessive thirst. You need to get up at night and drink plenty of water.
  • Sending excessive amounts of urine. Although it is common for pregnant women to empty their bladder frequently, a constant urge to go to the bathroom can be a warning sign.
  • Vaginal fungus develops and cannot be cleaned with antifungal medications or creams.
  • Weakness in cutting, scratching and wound healing.
  • Weight loss and general fatigue, lack of strength and a feeling of running.
Is it dangerous?
If gestational diabetes is well controlled and monitored by the woman and her medical staff, the risks are significantly reduced. The goal of diabetic treatment is to lower blood glucose levels to normal and determine what dose of insulin is needed for each mother. It may take time and balance to properly assess the type and dose of insulin and when it needs to be administered throughout the day.
Mothers with gestational diabetes are also closely monitored during labor. Complications can occur if the pregnancy is prolonged and the mother does not have enough fluid or glucose.
What can happen to my child?
Children of mothers with uncontrolled diabetes during pregnancy tend to be older. They have to deal with high levels of glucose that cross the placenta with their blood supply. Therefore, they produce more insulin, which in turn leads to the deposition of extra subcutaneous fat. Children of diabetic mothers often weigh more than 4 kg at birth. Therefore, overweight children often lead health care providers to suspect gestational diabetes, even if they were not diagnosed during pregnancy.
It is a common way for a mother with diabetes to monitor her baby’s blood sugar lowering problems. This is more common if the mother's blood glucose level is higher than normal before the baby is born.
Babies of mothers with diabetes do not have diabetes on their own. With regular and frequent meals, their blood sugar levels tend to stabilize and they don’t have a bad effect. Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) is the greatest risk in the first 4-6 hours after birth. Therefore, they should be checked frequently at regular intervals until the BSL is stable at birth and again within the first 24 hours.
What can happen to me?
You may need to monitor your blood glucose level yourself with a special blood test tool called a glucometer. You can buy them in hospitals and major pharmacies. Diabetes educators are experts in explaining and demonstrating what is involved in checking blood sugar levels.

It is common to store a booklet with a blood sugar level (BSL) and bring it to a doctor’s appointment. Insulin doses are based on BSL, and often insulin units and dosing times need to be set correctly in the early stages of treatment.

You can consult a dietitian for expert advice and guidance on your diet, what to eat and what to avoid.

Typically, dietary guidelines include:

  • Eat three meals a day, as well as snack before bed. You may also need to drink tea in the morning and afternoon.
  • Consume low-fat and high-fiber foods.
  • You will need to ensure that you are consuming adequate amounts of calcium and iron.
  • Monitor sugar intake and avoid sugary foods that increase blood sugar levels.
  • Having foods from a wide and varied source that will keep you from getting bored.
Other common treatment regimens:
  • Ensuring physical activity. This helps control blood sugar levels and keep the weight in a healthy range.
  • Insulin injections. If diet and exercise are not enough to control blood glucose levels, this is usually the treatment prescribed. Insulin does not pose a risk of harm to the developing baby because it does not pass through the placenta and is metabolized by the mother’s body.
Where to go for more help
  • Your local hospital, general practitioner, or public health center.
  • Your endocrinologist or specialist.
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