. 1. Basic methods of differential psychology and youth psychology.
2. Test and its importance in studying individual characteristics.
3. Longitudinal and cross-sectional methods of studying the development of mental functions.
4. Theoretical and practical tasks of differential psychology.
Describe the research methods (main, auxiliary) of youth and pedagogical psychology? Research methods of youth psychology and differential psychology are important for every educator, researcher and researcher. These methods are important not only for carrying out private scientific research, but also for in-depth study of the child for practical educational purposes.
There are basic and auxiliary methods in youth psychology:
Basic method: observation and experiment; auxiliary methods: interview, analysis of the product of human activity, biography, test, genetics and others. What method is differential psychology based on?
For the first time, it was based on the method of observation in differential psychology. Monitoring is a planned and regular inspection of the burn.
Monitoring should be organized based on the following principles:
1. it is necessary to observe students in the natural conditions of education;
2. monitoring the sleeper based on the principle of the integrity of the human personality;
3. organization of a person on the basis of strictly objective materials and indicators;
4. understanding the features of the student's personality, taking into account the conditions of formation and the environment;
5. long-term study of the sleeper;
6. study the child as a team and team;
7. to assume that personality characteristics are manifested in different ways;
8. understanding the motives of the child's behavior;
9. It is important to observe their speech.
It is possible to study various aspects of personal development through the interview, analysis of the activity product, questionnaire, and experiment (three different) methods.
II. Later, the test method was used in its development along with the observation method in differential psychology. English scientist F. Galton and especially French psychologists A. Binet and T. Simon showed that the study of individual differences of sleepers is of great importance. Research using a test is a special type of experimental research, and this method was introduced in psychology in 1905 by A.Bine. It has been widely used since the time when he said that it is possible to measure the level of mental development of people according to the youth and to divide them according to the level of mental talent. What can be learned by the test method?
The test is a standardized psychological test. As a result, one or another mental process is evaluated, the person as a whole or some of his features are studied. Determining the level of a person's position should be done in order to separate "mentally gifted people from mentally defective people".
The test is a short, standardized test that does not require complex technical devices to detect any psychological phenomenon, and it expresses the results included in the analysis quantitatively and allows them to be worked on mathematically. This shows its advantage, as well as the fact that the methods of analysis and assessment are to a certain extent uniform and adapted to certain age norms. The test itself is a scientific and valid research method. For example: a car traveled a distance of 760 km at an average speed of x km per hour. In finding the answer to the question, "How long will it take him to walk the road?", the child thinks independently. Today, this method is of great importance in determining the features specific to the development and ability of sleepers, and in the accurate assessment of individual characteristics.
III. Nowadays, much attention is paid to the study of the development of mental functions by the method of longitudinal and transverse cutting.
Studying the development of the child's mental functions is based on three principles.
1. An objective approach to the child's psyche.
2. Identify the reasons for development.
3. Studying the suitability of the child's psyche for the purpose, finding a suitable composition.
Studying child development according to these principles is in two forms;
A) "Longitudinal examination".
B) It is carried out by the "Daily cutting" method.
"Longitudinal cut", "Daily cut" method? (please describe the content?) In "longitudinal examination" a part of the child's mental life is systematically observed in the body of a child. The main purpose of this is to identify changes in the development of the child's psyche from one stage to another.
In "Daily cutting", not all the mental characteristics of the child, but its individual characteristics are taken as the subject. In this case, children of different ages or different ages are examined at the same time and spend a lot of time drinking.
Scientific testing, which has the potential to save time and effort, is not without some drawbacks. The main reason for this deficiency is the turning point in the child's mental development, and the difficulty of his learning. Therefore, in order to carry out the work rationally, the general trend of the child's mental development is first identified by the "daily cut" method of examination, and then some important characteristics are known by the "longitudinal examination" method.
With the help of these methods, the development of mental functions is perfectly studied.
Tell me? What kind of theoretical and practical tasks can be faced by Differential psychology of the present time? IV. The most important (theoretical) task of modern differential psychology is first;
1. To study the characteristics and characteristics of mental development of children of different ages.
2. Identify the individual characteristics of children and the differences between them;
3. It consists in determining the individual psychological and typological characteristics of gifted children.
The important task of differential psychology is not only to characterize individual-psychological characteristics, but to distinguish the most important characteristics of the organization of mental activity and to know the reasons for the emergence of individual typological characteristics of the subject, which requires knowledge of its neurophysiological factors, nervous system characteristics. Therefore, this is an important task of differential psychology in the current conditions.
The practical task of differential psychology is directly to apply its theoretical issues in life and to spread it widely among the public.
This is done by appearing on television and radio, publishing articles in newspapers and magazines, and giving scientific methodical lectures at parents' councils in schools and kindergartens.
Control questions:
1. What are the main methods of differential psychology?
2. What is the uniqueness of observation in differential psychology?
3. Describe the test method?
4. What is the difference between the test and experimental psychology?
5. How do you understand the development of mental functions "longitudinally" and "daily cut" method?
6. What is the important task of differential psychology?
Books:
1. Edited by AV Petrovsky. Youth psychology and pedagogical psychology, Moscow, 1979.
2. E. Goziyev, Psychology. Tashkent, 1994.
3. MV Vokhidov. Psychology of preschool education. Tashkent,!985y.
